Cadaveric Study: Sign of Leser-Trélat Associated with Breast Cancer

INTRODUCTION: Seborrheic keratoses (SK) is considered the most common benign skin lesions found in individuals that are middle aged and older. In dermatology practice, these lesions pose no threat to the individual but can be concerning for cosmetic and underlying malignancy reasons when they cover most of the skin surface. Of specific concern is the sign of Leser-Trélat, which has been documented as a cutaneous harbinger of underlying malignancy associated with proliferation of the size and/or number seborrheic keratoses. The rare sign is usually caused by malignancies such as gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma, but also lung, kidney, liver, or pancreatic cancer. This case report will describe the histology of the skin lesions in Lesar Trélat and analyze the current literature regarding its association with breast cancer, which is quite rare. RESOURCES: For this case study, a cadaver from the body donor program in Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine (PCOM), South Georgia was used. Skin samples were sent to Colquitt Regional Center for processing, where sections were embedded in paraffin and were stained with H&E stain. A pathologist reported histopathological findings of the skin lesions and the breast tissue samples. DESCRIPTION: Multiple SK lesions covering the face, abdomen, back, as well as both upper and lower extremities were observed in one of the cadavers in the gross anatomy laboratory. Due to the significant number of pigmented, verrucous lesions, the sign of Leser-Trélat was clinically postulated, later confirmed during routine laboratory dissection of the breast tissue. Histology sections confirmed not only multiple SK lesions in the skin, but also revealed an associated breast cancer in the form of an infiltrative ductal carcinoma. SIGNIFICANCE: The sign of Leser-Trélat is rare by itself and its association with breast cancer is even more uncommon. Once a clinician recognizes the multiple SK eruptions, the patient should be meticulously investigated for not only for an underlying GI malignancy, but also for other cancers like breast cancer. Additionally, a case report confirmed malignant melanoma that mimicked sign of Leser-Trélat, warranting the importance of further analyzing the pathology diagnosis when there is a proliferation of multiple seborrheic keratoses.Therefore, biopsy and histology diagnosis is crucial for ruling out both cutaneous as well as underlying malignancies and should be encouraged when patients present in clinic rather than assuming the typical benign characteristics of seborrheic keratosis

Adenosquamous Carcinoma Presenting with Necrotising Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy in a Non-smoker Young Adult: A Rare Case Report

Introduction: Adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) of lung is a rare and poorly described subtype of bronchogenic carcinoma. Most patients of adenosquamous carcinoma of lung come from older age group and present with cough, chest pain, weight loss, dyspnoea, haemoptysis, and fatigue. The radiologic findings of adenosquamous lung carcinoma may consist typically a peripheral solitary nodule or less commonly a central hilar mass. Here we present a unique case of adenosquamous lung carcinoma in a young adult who presented with nonspecific complaints and unusual chest X ray along with atypical findings on contrast enhanced computerised tomography in the form of necrotising mediastinal lymphadenopathy.Presentation of Case: A 30 years old male non-smoker and non-alcoholic office worker presented at with nonspecific symptoms of dry cough and exertional dyspnoea. Physical examination revealed a single, hard, non-tender lymph node in right supraclavicular region which on excisional biopsy and histopathology revealed poorly differentiated metastatic adenosquamouscarcinoma confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Chest skiagram PA view showed bilateral nodular shadows in mid and lower zones and right paratracheal opacity. CECT thorax revealed multiple mediastinal lymph nodes with hypo areas suggestive of internal necrosis. In spite of adequate anticancer chemotherapy regimen, clinico-radiological deterioration was observed.Conclusion: Adenosquamous carcinomas usually presents in advanced stage, show an aggressive histologic behaviour with poor survival rates than the single histology group. Early identification of such cases with varied presentation may save lives. Keeping these things in mind, early identification of such cases with varied presentation may improve survival to some extent

Lavage through malpositioned nasogastric tube: a cause of concern

Nasogastric tube (NGT) placement is a frequently used procedure in intensive care units either for enteral feeding or in cases of poisoning, where it is an important and emergent tool for gastric irrigation. Although, insertion of NGT has been pronounced as being easy and without risks, the increasing prevalence of the use of enteral feeding tubes during critical illness leads to the increased potential for malpositioning of a nasogastric tube. It is more hazardous if any therapeutic procedure has been performed through these malpositioned nasogastric tubes. Here, we are describing a unique case of malpositioning of nasogastric tube into left main bronchus in a case of unknown drug poisoning. The consequences of malposition of NGT, lavage through this NGT leading to grave respiratory complications and significance of a check x-ray chest following tube placement are discussed here

A REVIEW ON CONSTITUENTS, PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES AND MEDICINAL USES OF GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA

Plants have been one of the important sources of medicines for human being and animals since the ancient time. At present scenario there is an increasing demand for herbal medicines, health products and pharmaceuticals products. Herbal medicines have attained popularity at global level to replace the synthetic chemicals as they have shown less adverse reactions. Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn is a commonly used herb for different diseases. Present review article deals with chemical constituents present in various parts of Glycyrrhiza glabra and pharmacological activities. Present article aim to comply all the updated information on its phytochemical and pharmacological activities, which were performed by widely different methods.  Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn possesses antibacterial, antioxidant, antimalarial, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory and anti-hyper glycemic properties. Various other effects like antiulcer, antiviral, antifungal have also been discussed. This article may be useful for many researchers in discovering potential therapeutic effects and developing new formulations.                       Peer Review History: Received 3 April 2017;   Revised 9 May; Accepted 12 May, Available online 15 May 2017 Academic Editor: Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia,  Indonesia, [email protected] UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file:        Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 3.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Cecilia Nwadiuto Amadi, University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Rivers State, Nigeria, [email protected] Dr. Mohamed Said Fathy Al-Refaey, University of Sadat City, Menofia, Egypt, [email protected] Similar Articles: PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN-VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY POTENTIAL EVALUATIONS OF METHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF COCOS NUCIFERA (L.) LEAVES MURRAYA KOENIGI-A BOON IN DIFFERENT PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS Article is cited by: Noor NM, Nazri NZ, Mohamad-Salam NA, et al. The potential of androgenic alopecia management from plant derivatives. Food Research 2020; 4 (Suppl. 2) : 1 – 13 (Pubmed)

KIDNEY STONES FORMATION AND USE OF MEDICINAL PLANTS AS ANTIUROLITHIATIC AGENTS

There is an old and famous fact “the garden is the poor man’s apothecary” and treatment of each and every disease is hidden in nature. Medicinal plants are highly esteemed all over the world as a rich source of therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Since ages, herbs are being used for treating different ailments in different parts of world by different communities. A kidney stone, also known as a renal calculus is a solid concretion or crystal aggregation formed in the kidneys from dietary minerals in the urine. The problem of urinary stones or calculi is a very ancient one these stones are found in all parts of the urinary tract, the kidney, and the urinary bladder and may vary considerably in size. Urolithiasis is a complex process that occurs from series of several physicochemical event including super-saturation, nucleation, growth, aggregation and retention within the kidneys. Present article deals with reason, types of kidney stones, risk factors associated, diagnosis and treatment methods including many medicinal plants as herbal option for treatment of urinary stones. Peer Review History: Received 19 August 2017;   Revised 27 August; Accepted 9 September, Available online 15 September 2017 Academic Editor: Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia,  Indonesia, [email protected] UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file:        Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. R. Karthikeyan, Vignan pharmacy college, Guntur, A.P., India, [email protected] Dr. Alfonso Alexander Aguileral, University of Veracruz,  Mexico, [email protected]

A Postmortem Analysis of Embalmed Lungs, a Human Cadaver Study

OBJECTIVE: The human cadaveric study is vital to fully understanding lung pathologies and the prevalence of potentially cancerous neoplasms upon death in the general population. Developing an accurate knowledge of human respiratory neoplastic pathology is vital in furthering the field of respiratory medicine. This study aims to analyze a cohort of lung sets belonging to human cadavers for visible potentially pathogenic neoplasms and contrast this with epidemiological data available for representative populations. METHODS: Cadaveric lungs (n= 20 pairs; 38 individual lungs) were isolated, and gross observations were performed of the parietal surface of both lungs. These samples were part of a collective of over two years worth of cadaveric specimens from the Gross Anatomy laboratory at Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, South Georgia. Each lung was grossly inspected for suspicious lesions. Lesions were analyzed for prevalence and recorded photographically. The following are the core actions this study performed: Criteria for lesions for the purpose of this study: Visible hyperpigmentation compared to surrounding external surface lung tissue Be at least 2 mm in diameter on at least one axis Flat or raised appearance contrasted with surrounding lung tissue. Photograph a compendium of each donor’s lungs from various approaches. Photos included a clear metric ruler for reference in a standardized approach. Statistical analysis for this cadaveric lung population contrasted with existing epidemiologic data will be performed. Tissue samples from representative lung lesions were sent to the Colquitt Regional Medical Center for processing. Histopathology slides were stained by hematoxylin and eosin stains. Slides were initially viewed by medical students, and a pathologist later confirmed the findings. RESULTS: A total of 20 cadavers were studied with an age range of (58) to (88) years. There were (12) males and (8) females, with a male-to-female ratio of (3:2). Gross observations from 2022 specimens were significantly diverse. Findings include metastatic calcific nodules on superficial surfaces, hemorrhagic pleural cavities, anthracotic streaks, and diffuse tissue texture changes compared to adjacent lobes. The most common histological findings were inflammatory (88.8%), obstructive lung disease, including emphysema (44.4%), pulmonary edema, and congestion (66.6%). Specific findings to certain samples included neoplastic adenocarcinoma, anthracosis, multinucleated giant cells, and potential fungal pathology. Individual lung samples from the 2022 cohort (n=16) were histologically observed and placed in respective categories with prevalence: Edematous and Congestive: 66.66% Inflammatory Processes (Neutrophilic or Lymphocytic): 88.88% Obstructive Lung Disease (COPD/Emphysematous/Chronic Bronchitis): 44.44% Restrictive Lung Disease (Pulmonary Fibrosis): 33.33% Anthracosis: 33.33% Autolyzed samples: 1 Metastatic lung cancer: 2 Primary lung cancer: 1 This is an ongoing study. Lung specimens from 2023 are currently being studied. CONCLUSIONS: Most lung specimens are well preserved in cadavers, providing opportunity for medical students to study lung histology and histopathology. Pathological findings in cadaveric lungs are common findings, either incidental or directly related to the cause of death. Inflammatory conditions in the form of pneumonia are the most frequent cause of death as a terminal complication, and our observations matched expected prevalences

TABLET GRANULATION: CURRENT SCENARIO AND RECENT ADVANCES

Granulation is a size enlargement process, in fine or coarse particles converted into physically stronger and larger agglomerates having good flow property, better compression characteristics and uniformity, prevent segregation of the blend components, improve content uniformity, and eliminate excessive amounts of fine particles. Size of granules has a size range of 0.2 to 4.0 mm, depending on their subsequent use. Size of the granules depends on the quantity and feeding rate of granulating liquid. The selection of process to prepare granules requires thorough knowledge of physicochemical properties of the drug, excipients, required flow and release properties, to name a few. At current scenario available technologies includes, spray drying, roller compaction, high shear mixing, and fluid bed granulation etc. The objective of present work is to focus on the commonly used and novel granulation technologies like such as pneumatic dry granulation, steam granulation, moisture-activated dry granulation, thermal adhesion granulation, freeze granulation, and foamed binder or foam granulation. Peer Review History: Received 13 September 2017;   Revised 25 October; Accepted 30 October, Available online 15 November 2017 Academic Editor: Dr. Sally A. El-Zahaby, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt, [email protected] Received file:        Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 3.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Francis Adou Yapo, Felix Houphouet Boigny, University of Abidjan, Ivory Coast, [email protected] Dr. Hebatalla Ibrahim Ahmed Abdel Hameed, Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt, [email protected] Similar Articles: IN VITRO-IN VIVO BIO-EQUIVALENCE CORRELATION STUDY OF ATENOLOL, AND ITS BRANDS OF IMMEDIATE RELEASE TABLET UNDER BIO-WAIVER CONDITION

Benign Cyst in the Popliteal Fossa: A Cadaveric Case Study

During routine dissection of 10 cadavers that originated from the Body Donor Program at Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine South Georgia, an 82-year-old female with a Baker\u27s cyst anomaly located medially in the right popliteal fossa was encountered. The Baker\u27s cyst contained synovial fluid in a thick bursal covering. This finding is suggestive of pathology in the knee joint, such as arthritis or a tear in cartilage or ligaments. This case study analyzes the Baker\u27s cyst found during dissection and its clinical significance

Colorectal metastasis within an adult male cadaver: case report and review of literature

INTRODUCTION: During a routine lab dissection, lesions were found to be scattered along the mesentery of the colon and small intestines, as well as the abdominal peritoneum. Due to its presentation and histological analysis, a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma was made. Adenocarcinomas are mucus-secreting cells that are found within and near the glands of organ (Nakhaie, Mohsen et al., 2020). One of the most common clinical manifestations of adenocarcinomas is within the colorectal region due to the numerous mucous secreting cells found within these sites. Literature reviews have indicated that different metastasis patterns that can differentiate between adenocarcinomas of various histological subtypes. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study is to analyze the progress of metastasis of an adult male cadaver found in a routine academic dissection. METHODS: This study consists of a case study of an adult male cadaver and literature review regarding metastasis of colorectal adenocarcinomas. Histological slides were taken from the small intestine mesentery, ileocecal junction, liver, lungs, epidermis of the left lateral anterior neck, abdominal aorta and abdominal peritoneum. RESULTS: Current histological slides indicate the presence of adenocarcinoma within the abdominal peritoneum as well as the small intestine mesentery. Recent histological findings indicate that the primary tumor was located at the ileocecal junction and is consistent with an adenocarcinoma. Histological findings also show secondary metastasis to the liver. The lung nodule was found to be a fibrocalcific. Histological analysis of abdominal aorta was found to be atherosclerotic and thrombotic. The cyst on the epidermis of the neck was found to be benign. CONCLUSION: Research surrounding colorectal adenocarcinoma is still ongoing. We hope to establish the pattern of metastasis as well as the various organs that the adenocarcinoma metastasized to

SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF NOVEL IMIDAZOLE BASED COMPOUNDS

Objective: Some new imidazole derivatives (3i-xii) were synthesized as per design synthetic protocol scheme. The structures of newly prepared compounds were confirmed by modern analytical technique and elemental analysis. Methods: All the synthetic compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity against bacterial results showed good to remarkable activity. The MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) values were determined by comparison to ciprofloxacin (anti-bacterial) and fluconazole (anti-fungal) as standard drug. Among them, compound 3iv and 3x exhibited notable antimicrobial activity. These compounds may be used as new template for the searching of potential antimicrobial agents. Results: The purity of the compound was verified with the help of TLC (B: A, 9:1). % age of yield was found 83% and melting point noted 151-1520C. Compounds (3ii, 3viii and 3ix) were shown moderate activity against E. coli, S. aureus, M. luteus and K. pneumonia, whereas compounds (3iii, 3vii, 3xi and 3xii) showed mild activity against few bacterial strainsμg/ml.  The compounds of electron releasing imidazole derivatives (3ii, 3iv, 3viii, 3ix, 3x and xi) presented comparatively better anti-fungal activity than the compounds of electron withdrawing imidazole derivatives (3iii, 3vii and 3xii). Conclusion: The biological activity result revealed that all the newly synthetic compounds 3i-xii [4-(biphenyl-4-yl)-2-(substituted phenyl)-1H-imidazole] exhibited better antibacterial activity as compared to antifungal activity in compare to reference drug.        Peer Review History: Received 7 February 2017;   Revised 11 March; Accepted 13 March, Available online 15 March 2017 Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, [email protected] UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file:        Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.5/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Emmanuel O. Olorunsola, Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Uyo, Nigeria, [email protected] Dr. Xinwei Li, Jilin University, China, [email protected] This article has been cited by: Recent developments in orally disintegrating mini tablets Sachin Sarashetti, Vikas Jain, Gowda D V, Pooja Mallya, Satish Babu. International journal of research in pharmaceutical sciences 2020, 11(3), 3606-3612. Pubme