Estimating the Loss of Himalayan Glaciers under Global Warming Using the δ¹⁸O–Salinity Relation in the Bay of Bengal

Quantifying the water loss of Himalayan glaciers due to global warming from direct measurement is difficult, as some glaciers are advancing or stable in spite of an overall retreat. We use a novel approach to provide an alternative estimate of the amount of Himalayan ice melt. Because a major part of this melted ice debouches into the Bay of Bengal through the Ganga–Brahmaputra basin, it causes significant variations in the oxygen isotopic composition (δ¹⁸O) and salinity (<i>S</i>) of the sea surface water and their mutual linear relationship. We document the temporal change in the δ¹⁸O–<i>S</i> relation for the bay at three different times during the period from 1994 to 2006, and using a model, we infer that 2.4 × 10¹¹ m³ water was lost by melting from the Ganga–Brahmaputra basin during this period

verbal autopsy data ballabgarh 2008-2012

verbal autopsy data ballabgarh 2008-201

Facilitating Safe Trans-femoral ACCESS for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in High Body Mass Index Patients—The FAST-ACCESS Cohort Study

Background: Transfemoral  (TF) access is the safest, quickest, and most studied access route for  transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).1  While TAVR has demonstrated excellent clinical outcomes, femoral access  site complications remain one of the most common adverse events of  TAVR,2 with attendant morbidity and even mortality. Despite  contemporary safety refinements in obtaining wide-bore TF access (e.g.,  the routine use of vascular ultrasound and micropuncture), high body  mass index (BMI)3 and increased femoral arterial depth (FAD)4  are strong predictors of vascular complications during TF-TAVR. In such  high BMI patients, panniculus retraction (by a variety of  nonstandardized methods) may reduce the FAD and thus facilitate safer TF  access. Locally, we have standardized this technique  by repurposed use of a dedicated adhesive panniculus retractor (APR)  device, initially designed for use in obese patients during caesarean  section. The FAST-ACCESS study reports our clinical experience using  this APR device during TF-TAVR in high BMI patients. Specifically, we  report (i) the reduction in FAD achieved using the dedicated APR device  and (ii) the vascular complication rate in consecutive patients with  high BMI undergoing TF-TAVR when using the dedicated APR device.</p