Aktivitas Antioksidan Senyawa yang berasal dari Kayu Artocarpus heterophyllus

Isoprenoid-substituted flavonoids were isolated from the wood of Artocarpus heterophyllus bybiologically activity-guided fractionation, namely antioxidant. The isolated compounds are cudraflavoneC, kuwanon C, norartocarpin, albanin A and artocarpanone have more hydroxyl groups seem to bespecifically to scavenge H2O2. These experimental results demonstrated that each scavenging compounddifferent in its scavenge capacity toward different form of radicals.Beberapa senyawa flavonoid yang mengandung isoprenoid telah diisolasi dari kayu tanamanArtocarpus heterophyllus melalui fraksinasi yang dipandu oleh aktifitas antioksidan. Senyawa-senyawaseperti cudraflavone C, kuwanon C, norartocarpin, albanin A dan artocarpanone memiliki gugushidroksil yang lebih banyak dan terlihat sangat spesifik dalam menangkap H2O2. Hasil-hasil penelitianini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan kapasitas aktifitas antiosidannya terhadap sumber radikalbebasnya

Senyawa fenolik dan flavonoid, dan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak metanol kulit buah ihau (Dimocarpus longan Lour. var. malesianus Leenh.)

Senyawa fenolik dan flavanoid adalah senyawa kimia yang bertindak sebagai penangkal radikal bebas. Senyawa tersebut banyak terkandung dalam tanaman dan buah-buahan. Penelitian ini dirancang untuk menentukan total senyawa fenolik dan flavanoid, dan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak metanol kulit buah ihau (Dimocarpus longan Lour. var. malesianus Leenh.). Serbuk kering kulit buah ihau dimaserasi dalam metanol selama 48 jam dan difiltrasi. Filtrat dipekatkan menggunakan evaporator. Total senyawa fenolik ditentukan menggunakan metode Follin Ciocalteau dan total flavanoid ditentukan menggunakan tes dengan AlCl3. Aktivitas atioksidan diukur menggunakan uji penangkapan radikal DPPH. Total senyawa fenolik adalah 383,720±0,986 mg/g ekstrak dan total senyawa flavanoid adalah 26,000±0,001 mg/g eksrak. Ekstrak menunjukkan aktivitas penangkapan radikal DPPH dengan pesentase penangkapan 85.6% pada konsentrasi 200 ppm. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa kulit buah ihau memeiliki potensi sebagai sumber agen penangkap radikal bebas

UJI BIOAKTIVITAS PADA EKSTRAK KASAR ETANOL, FRAKSI n-HEKSAN, ETIL ASETAT DAN ETANOL-AIR DARI DAUN ANDONG (Cordyline terminalis Kunth)

Phytochemical, brine shrimp lethality and antibacterial activity tests in each fraction from Andong leaves extract(Cordyline terminalis Kunth) that came fromUnmul Samarinda botanical garden, Kalimantan Timur has been carried out. The leaf was extracted with ethanol andconcentrated by using rotaryevaporator. The crudeethanol extract was fractioned with n-hexane, and ethyl acetate. Based on the secondary metabolites phytochemical test of the Cordyline terminalis Kunth leaves show that crudeethanol extract is contain phenol, saponin and steroid.n-hexane fraction iscontain steroid.Ethylacetate fraction is contain phenol and steroid. And ethanol-water fraction is contain phenol and saponin. Brine shrimp lethality test exhibit mortality rate of Artemiasalina (L) by Probit SAS analysis to determine lethal concentration 50% (LC 50 ) value. The test showed that the most active wascrudeethanol extract with LC 50 value of 26.8788 ppm. Antibacteria activity test of extracts for Bacillus cereus bacteria (positiveGram) andEscherichia coli (negativeGram) were carried out by paper disk method. The test showed that the most active were ethyl acetate extract with minimum inhibitor consentration of 2-10% which clear zone diameter was 6,4 mm on Bacillus cereus bacteria and 6 mm on Escherichia colibacteria.Keywords: Phytochemical, Antibacteria activity, LC 5

UJI BIOAKTIVITAS PADA EKSTRAK KASAR ETANOL, FRAKSI n-HEKSAN, ETIL ASETAT DAN ETANOL-AIR DARI DAUN ANDONG (Cordyline terminalis Kunth)

Phytochemical, brine shrimp lethality and antibacterial activity tests in each fraction from Andong leaves extract(Cordyline terminalis Kunth) that came fromUnmul Samarinda botanical garden, Kalimantan Timur has been carried out. The leaf was extracted with ethanol andconcentrated by using rotaryevaporator. The crudeethanol extract was fractioned with n-hexane, and ethyl acetate. Based on the secondary metabolites phytochemical test of the Cordyline terminalis Kunth leaves show that crudeethanol extract is contain phenol, saponin and steroid.n-hexane fraction iscontain steroid.Ethylacetate fraction is contain phenol and steroid. And ethanol-water fraction is contain phenol and saponin. Brine shrimp lethality test exhibit mortality rate of Artemiasalina (L) by Probit SAS analysis to determine lethal concentration 50% (LC 50 ) value. The test showed that the most active wascrudeethanol extract with LC 50 value of 26.8788 ppm. Antibacteria activity test of extracts for Bacillus cereus bacteria (positiveGram) andEscherichia coli (negativeGram) were carried out by paper disk method. The test showed that the most active were ethyl acetate extract with minimum inhibitor consentration of 2-10% which clear zone diameter was 6,4 mm on Bacillus cereus bacteria and 6 mm on Escherichia colibacteria.Keywords: Phytochemical, Antibacteria activity, LC 5

KANDUNGAN ANTIOKSIDAN PADA JAMUR TIRAM PUTIH (Pleurotus ostreatus)

Indonesia merupakan negara hutan tropis yang luas, maka tak heran negara ini menjadi negara megabiodiversitas. Jamur tiram merupakan salah satu hasil kekayaan alam Indonesia yang memiliki potensi sebagai tanaman kesehatan dan obat. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memunculkan potensi aktivitas antioksidan pada jamur tiram yang banyak dibudidaya di Kalimantan Timur khususnya Samarinda. Sampel kami ambil dari rumah jamur borneo dan penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kimia Hasil Hutan, Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Mulawarman. Metode ekstraksi bertingkat menggunakan n-heksan, etil asetat, dan etanol. Metode antioksidan yang digunakan adalah penangkal radikal bebas (DPPH) dengan masing-masing tiga kali pengulangan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi pada ekstrak air dengan nilai penghambatan 25% pada kosentrasi 100 ppm. Pada ekstrak heksan merupakan hambatan terkecil dengan nilai penghambatan 2,41% pada kosentrasi 25ppm.

POTENSI JAMUR TIRAM PUTIH (Pleurotus ostreatus) TERHADAP PENGHAMBATAN Candida albicans DAN Propionibacterium acnes

Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is not a new food for the community. Long time ago oyster mushrooms is food but not so well known. Now oyster mushrooms have been accepted by the community as a healthy food. This is the background of this research to produce mushrooms not only as nutritious food but also natural medicine. The purpose of this study was to examine the antimicrobial potential of oyster mushrooms by determination of clear zone against Candida albicans and Propionibacterium acnes bacterias. This research was conducted at Forest Products Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, Mulawarman University. The resources of oyster mushroom we used in this study comes from the cultivation of the entrepreanure forestry student group in Mulawarman University. This study used successful extraction with hexane solvent, ethyl acetate, ethanol, water, and crude ethanol. The results obtained that the highest antimicrobial inhibition against Candida albicans bacteria with 47.60% with a concentration of 100 ppm but, on the antimicrobial against Propionibacterium acnes bacteria did not show any significant inhibition

Anti-hypercholesterolemic effect of Zingiber montanum extract [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]

Background: High cholesterol levels (hypercholesterolemia) has been recognized to cause various disease, most notably the cardiovascular disease. Unfortunately, most anti-hypercholesterolemic drugs deliver several side effects for patients, by which medicinal plants have begun to attract attention for treating hypercholesterolemia. Among others, Zingiber montanum (J.König) Link ex A.Dietr. has traditionally been taken for treating health problems caused by high cholesterol levels. Hence, this work aimed at investigating anti-hypercholesterolemic effects offered by the plant. Methods: This study was conducted on 30 male Wistar rats. During experiments, the subjects were divided into 6 groups (n=5), i.e. no treatment (Group 1, control); high-fat diet (Group 2, control); high-fat diet with simvastatin (Group 3); high-fat diet with plant extracts (Group 4-6 with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW, respectively). After 4 weeks of treatments, blood samples were collected from each group. Then, plasma concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins (HDL), and low density lipoproteins (LDL) were measured. Results: There were significant differences in total cholesterol (p=0.000), LDL (p=0.000) and triglycerides (p=0.001) for Groups 4-6 (high-fat diet treated with different plant extract doses) in comparison with Group 2 (high-fat diet, control). Meanwhile, there were no significant differences in HDL levels (p=0.830) between Group 2 (high-fat diet, control) and other groups. The results also showed significant differences in total cholesterol and LDL for subjects treated with plant extracts (Group 4, 100 mg/kg BW, p=0.000;  Group 5, 200 mg/kg BW, p=0.000; Group 6, 400 mg/kg BW, p=0.000) compared to Group 2 (high-fat diet, control). Then, treatments with 400 mg/kg BW (Group 6) discovered significant reductions in total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides (p=0.030). Conclusion: Therefore, Z. montanum has been discovered to deliver anti-hypercholesterolemic effects to experimental subjects, making it potential to act as a natural source of anti-hypercholesterolemic agents

Aktivitas antioxidan ekstrak metanol bunga Gmelina elliptica dari Kalimantan Timur

Gmelina elliptica digunakan penduduk di desa Talisayan, Kalimantan Timur, untuk mengobati otorrhea. Penelitian tentang aktifitas biologi dan antioksidan dari G. elliptica telah banyak dilakukan. Walaupun demikian penelitian aktivitas antioksidan bunga G. elliptica dari Kalimantan Timur belum dilakukan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisa aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak kasar metanol bunga G. elliptica dari desa Talisayan. Aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan uji penangkapan radikal 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Aktivitas penangkapan radikal DPPH dari ekstrak mencapai 89,77% pada konsentrasi 0,0050 mg/ml. Jadi bunga G. elliptica dari Kalimantan Timur berpotensi sebagai sumber antioksidan

Aktivitas antioxidan ekstrak metanol bunga Gmelina elliptica dari Kalimantan Timur

Gmelina elliptica digunakan penduduk di desa Talisayan, Kalimantan Timur, untuk mengobati otorrhea. Penelitian tentang aktifitas biologi dan antioksidan dari G. elliptica telah banyak dilakukan. Walaupun demikian penelitian aktivitas antioksidan bunga G. elliptica dari Kalimantan Timur belum dilakukan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisa aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak kasar metanol bunga G. elliptica dari desa Talisayan. Aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan uji penangkapan radikal 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Aktivitas penangkapan radikal DPPH dari ekstrak mencapai 89,77% pada konsentrasi 0,0050 mg/ml. Jadi bunga G. elliptica dari Kalimantan Timur berpotensi sebagai sumber antioksidan

The Toxicity and Antibacterial Properties of Calamus ornatus Bl. Rattan Fruit

Calamus ornatus Bl., locally known as rotan mantang or rotan seuti is one of the commercial rattan species growing in the forests of East Borneo. Its fruit is edible, like the fruits of other species of rattan, and it has been used by the local people as traditional medicine to treat stomachache or toothache. Until recently, there has not been any study investigating the benefits of the fruit for medicinal or other purposes. This research aimed to discover the bio-activity potentials of Calamus ornatus Bl. fruits by identifying its toxicity level and antibacterial potentials. The parts of the fruit (pericarp, flesh, and seed) were extracted using ethanol as solvent to extract samples. The toxicity was analyzed by using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method while the antibacterial activity was tested using a well diffusion method. Low toxicity was found in the flesh, whereas the pericarp and the seed were non-toxic. Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli was found in the pericarp and the seed, while antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans was found in the pericarp and the flesh