The application of innovative virtual world technologies to enhance healthcare education

The World Wide Web has evolved leading to the development of three- dimensional virtual worlds. These are online, accessible environments through which a user may engage, communicate and interact via their digital self, known as their avatar. These virtual worlds offer the opportunity for further content to be generated in order to provide new environments and simulations. This research work explores the potential of virtual worlds in providing an educational platform for healthcare professionals. In order to establish this, the effectiveness of a virtual world environment was determined through the use of a custom-built virtual world operating theatre, which was utilised to train operating theatre novices in preparation for the real-life environment. Following the application of a virtual world environment, this research explored the development of a virtual patient scenario for training healthcare professionals. The virtual patient scenario focused on the management of adverse events associated with medical infusion devices with a nurse user group assessing the simulation face validity. The next step was to devise a methodology to develop a series of immersive virtual patients. This involved the use of allied web technologies to produce a robust, reproducible method of 3D virtual patient generation. Three virtual patients were constructed, with distinct surgical pathologies at three levels of increasing complexity. Subsequently the face, content and construct validity of the virtual patients was established to differentiate surgeons of different training grades. Finally the virtual patients were utilised to emulate real clinical situations, in which handoff of patient information occurred. The virtual patients were used to establish if the quality of handoff impacted on the subsequent patient management in a simulated setting. Overall this research has demonstrated the efficacy of virtual world environments and simulations in providing an alternative educational platform for healthcare professionals.Open Acces

Synthesis and Characterization of N-Substituted Tetrahydroiso-quinoline Derivatives via a Pictet-Spengler Condensation

Synthesis of N-substituted 1,2,3,4 –tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives and bis-isoquinoline has been carried out via a Pictet-Spengler condensation. Tetrahydroisoquinolines were obtained from 2-(3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl) ethylamine in four steps. The entire synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR and mass spectral data

Intraoperative complications after total laparoscopic hysterectomy: a retrospective study in training institute

Background: Hysterectomy is a common gynecological surgery performed in premenopausal and menopausal age group. Different types of approaches are there with their advantages and disadvantages, it is mainly indicated for noncancerous conditions. Till today three different surgical approaches to hysterectomy are available: vaginal, abdominal and laparoscopic. TLH has been reported to result in shorter procedure durations, lower blood losses, and shorter hospital stays.Methods: This is a retrospective case study, was carried out over a 5-year period in a tertiary care institute. Study done on patients attending gynecology OPD at our tertiary care institute during the period since September 2013 to September 2018.Results: In present study out of 646 endoscopic hysterectomies in last five years authors studied 420 Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomies. Conversion to open surgery rate was 0.3%. Mean age was 49.26 years (SD-9.53), Performed for various indications with various BMI patients. Mean surgical duration was 116.55 minutes with SD 26.27. Major complication rate was 2.85% with 2 cases of bowel injuries and 3 cases of urological injuries.Conclusions: Total laparoscopic hysterectomy appears safe and effective approach for variety of indications with minimal morbidity. Beneficial for all age group all nulliparous /multiparous patients as well as obese patients. With the knowledge of all complication and its prevention, maximum surgeons can give benefit of advantages of total laparoscopic hysterectomy to all women. More and more randomized clinical trials will motivate surgeons for this approach

Enhancing Network Security Using Ant Colony Optimization

Security of the information in the computer networks has been one of the most important research area. To preserve the secure condition it is essential to be aware of the behavior of the incoming data. Network Security is becoming an important issue for all the organizations, and with the increase in knowledge of hackers and intruders they have made many successful attempts to bring down high-pro le company networks and web service. The technology of artificial intelligence breaks a new way in the area of network security. Ant-colony optimization algorithm is an evolutionary learning algorithm which could be applied to solve the complex problems. Applying the idea of ant colony optimization into network vulnerability detection and enhancing security can improve the performance of network security management. This paper attempts to apply ACO Algorithm to find out vulnerabilities in the network and ensure its security

Ranljivost notranjih migrantov povratnikov med pandemijo Covida-19 v Indiji

The study surveyed 227 returned labor migrants in four districts of western Odisha to comprehensively analyze the socio-economic vulnerabilities faced by internal returnee labor migrants caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in India. The results show that the partial and complete lockdown caused factory and workplace closures in the entire country. Consequently, millions of migrants suffered a loss of income and faced an uncertain future which motivated migrant workers to return to their home villages. Upon arrival, they met socio-economic vulnerabilities, encountered social and economic discrimination, and were excluded by their family members and fellow villagers, which impacted their behavioral health.Študija zajema 227 notranjih migrantov povratnikov s štirih območij zahodne Orise in prinaša temeljito analizo socialnoekonomske ranljivosti, ki so ji bili zaradi pandemije Covida-19 v Indiji izpostavljeni notranji migranti povratniki. Rezultati kažejo, da sta delni in popolni lockdown povzročila zaprtje tovarn in delovnih mest po vsej državi. Milijoni migrantov so zato izgubili dohodek in se soočili z negotovo prihodnostjo, kar jih prisililo k vračanju v domače vasi, kjer pa so naleteli na vse oblike socialno­ekonomske ranljivosti, družbeno in ekonomsko neenakopravnost, iz skupnosti pa so jih izključili tudi družinski člani in sovaščani. Vse našteto je negativno zaznamovalo njihovo duševno zdravje

Pročišćavanje i karakterizacija ekstracelularne dekstran saharaze iz bakterije Pediococcus pentosaceus, izolirane iz tla sjeveroistočne Indije

The extracellular dextransucrase produced from Pediococcus pentosaceus, a new isolate from the soil in Assam, India, was purified and characterized. The enzyme activity of cell-free supernatant was 3.4 U/mL and specific activity was 0.6 U/mg. The crude enzyme was purified by a single-step fractionation using polyethylene glycols of different molecular mass. The specific activity achieved was 18 U/mg with 31-fold purification by PEG 400 and 26 U/mg with 45-fold purification by PEG 1500. The molecular mass of dextransucrase determined by non-denaturing SDS-PAGE was approx. 180 kDa. The dextran formation activity of the enzyme was confirmed by activity staining. Optimum conditions for dextransucrase activity were: pH=5.4, reaction temperature 30 °C, 5 % sucrose and 20 mM sodium acetate buffer. A concentration of 1 mM MgCl2 and 6 mM CaCl2 enhanced dextransucrase activity by 5 and 150 %, respectively. The chaotropic agent urea (7 M) and chelating agent EDTA (1 mM) resulted in the residual enzyme activity of 98 and 80 %, respectively. The organic solvents such as ethanol (50 %), DMSO (90 %), acetone (50 %) and acetonitrile (20 %) decreased the dextransucrase activity by 80, 91, 94 and 80 %, respectively.U radu je pročišćena i okarakterizirana dekstran saharaza iz bakterije Pediococcus pentosaceus, izolirane iz tla u gradu Assamu, Indija. Aktivnost je enzima u supernatantu bila 3,4 U/mL, a njegova je specifična aktivnost iznosila 0,6 U/mg. Sirovi je enzim pročišćen jednostupanjskim frakcioniranjem pomoću polietilen glikola različite molekularne mase. Utvrđena je specifična aktivnost enzima od 18 (pročišćenog 31 put pomoću PEG 400), odnosno 26 U/mg (pročišćenog 45 puta pomoću PEG 1500). Molekularna je masa dekstran saharaze određena pomoću SDS-PAGE, a iznosila je otprilike 180 kDa. Aktivnost je enzima potvrđena bojanjem nastalog dekstrana s Coomasie brilijant plavom bojom. Optimalni su uvjeti za aktivnost enzima bili: pH=5,4; temperatura reakcije od 30 °C; te dodatak 5 %-tne saharoze i acetatnog pufera (20 mM). Dodatak 1 mM MgCl2 i 6 mM CaCl2 povećali su aktivnost enzima za 5, odnosno 150 %. Inaktivirajući agensi, poput uree (7 M) i EDTA (1 mM) smanjili su aktivnost enzima na 98 odnosno 80 %. Organska su otapala također smanjila aktivnost enzima, i to: 50 %-tni etanol na 80 %, 90 %-tni DMSO na 91 %, 50 %-tni aceton na 94 % i 20 %-tni acetonitril na 80 %