Potential of Core-Collapse Supernova Neutrino Detection at JUNO

JUNO is an underground neutrino observatory under construction in Jiangmen, China. It uses 20kton liquid scintillator as target, which enables it to detect supernova burst neutrinos of a large statistics for the next galactic core-collapse supernova (CCSN) and also pre-supernova neutrinos from the nearby CCSN progenitors. All flavors of supernova burst neutrinos can be detected by JUNO via several interaction channels, including inverse beta decay, elastic scattering on electron and proton, interactions on C12 nuclei, etc. This retains the possibility for JUNO to reconstruct the energy spectra of supernova burst neutrinos of all flavors. The real time monitoring systems based on FPGA and DAQ are under development in JUNO, which allow prompt alert and trigger-less data acquisition of CCSN events. The alert performances of both monitoring systems have been thoroughly studied using simulations. Moreover, once a CCSN is tagged, the system can give fast characterizations, such as directionality and light curve

Detection of the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background with JUNO

As an underground multi-purpose neutrino detector with 20 kton liquid scintillator, Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is competitive with and complementary to the water-Cherenkov detectors on the search for the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB). Typical supernova models predict 2-4 events per year within the optimal observation window in the JUNO detector. The dominant background is from the neutral-current (NC) interaction of atmospheric neutrinos with 12C nuclei, which surpasses the DSNB by more than one order of magnitude. We evaluated the systematic uncertainty of NC background from the spread of a variety of data-driven models and further developed a method to determine NC background within 15\% with {\it{in}} {\it{situ}} measurements after ten years of running. Besides, the NC-like backgrounds can be effectively suppressed by the intrinsic pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) capabilities of liquid scintillators. In this talk, I will present in detail the improvements on NC background uncertainty evaluation, PSD discriminator development, and finally, the potential of DSNB sensitivity in JUNO

Real-time Monitoring for the Next Core-Collapse Supernova in JUNO

Core-collapse supernova (CCSN) is one of the most energetic astrophysical events in the Universe. The early and prompt detection of neutrinos before (pre-SN) and during the SN burst is a unique opportunity to realize the multi-messenger observation of the CCSN events. In this work, we describe the monitoring concept and present the sensitivity of the system to the pre-SN and SN neutrinos at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), which is a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector under construction in South China. The real-time monitoring system is designed with both the prompt monitors on the electronic board and online monitors at the data acquisition stage, in order to ensure both the alert speed and alert coverage of progenitor stars. By assuming a false alert rate of 1 per year, this monitoring system can be sensitive to the pre-SN neutrinos up to the distance of about 1.6 (0.9) kpc and SN neutrinos up to about 370 (360) kpc for a progenitor mass of 30$M_{\odot}$ for the case of normal (inverted) mass ordering. The pointing ability of the CCSN is evaluated by using the accumulated event anisotropy of the inverse beta decay interactions from pre-SN or SN neutrinos, which, along with the early alert, can play important roles for the followup multi-messenger observations of the next Galactic or nearby extragalactic CCSN.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figure

Virtual Reality Models and Digital Engineering Solutions for Technology Transfer

Effective applied research is based on close collaboration between research and industry, which taking the findings of basic research on customer demands as its starting point, creates a new means for developing and marketing innovative products. What is more, growing demands for innovative and sustainable results of research and development are prompting the examination of global trends such as demographic change, growing megacities, rising energy consumption and increasing traffic and the resultant social challenges. These trends and increasing traffic in particular are giving rise to new fields of work, especially for digital technologies, as a social responsibility, e.g., in driver assistance and traffic control systems that increase safety. This paper examines a means by which digital engineering, virtual and augmented reality technologies can support the creation of sustainable smart manufacturing and smart logistics processes as well as on-the-job training and qualification and knowledge transfer

Integrated processing of ferriferous materials in blank production for mechanical engineering facilities

The paper considers the possibility of reducing the use of crude ore for metal product by using aluminothermy, which facilitates effective integrated processing of metal waste generated by engineering and metallurgy facilities in the form of mill scale, ferrous and non-ferrous metal swarf with simultaneous castings production. The paper studies the impact patterns of thermite components ratios on the parameters of extracting chemical elements from the source components, metal phase output and its chemical composition. The possible applications for experimental alloys resulting from controlled exothermic reactions are determined for supplying castings and melting stock to blank production for mechanical engineering facilities

Method of determining power and mathematical modeling of physical processes in testing traction induction motors by mutual loads

In this article suggested the method of determining power when testing traction induction motors and the mathematical model of tests updated by taking into account the power losses in uncontrolled rectifiers and controlled inverters included in the frequency converters. To refine the mathematical model proposed to use the method of determining the dependency of the losses in the elements of frequency converters, located in the structure of the scheme of mutual loads of induction motors, the magnitude of the consumed and generated power of test and load machine

New Insights into the Thermal Stability of 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids

One of the most promising applications of ionic liquids (ILs) with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (bmim) cation is based on their unique ability to dissolve and fractionate lignocellulosic biomass, allowing for the development of green biorefining technologies. A complete dissolution of lignocellulose requires prolonged treatment at elevated temperatures, which can cause the partial degradation of ILs. In the present study, a combination of various analytical techniques (GC-MS, HPLC-HRMS, 2D-NMR, synchronous thermal analysis) was used for the comprehensive characterization of bmim acetate, chloride, and methyl sulfate degradation products formed at 150 °C during 6- and 24-h thermal treatment. A number of volatile and non-volatile products, including monomeric and dimeric alkyl substituted imidazoles, alcohols, alkyl amines, methyl and butyl acetates, and N-alkylamides, was identified. By thermal lability, ILs can be arranged in the following sequence, coinciding with the decrease in basicity of the anion: [bmim]OAc > [bmim]Cl > [bmim]MeSO4. The accumulation of thermal degradation products in ILs, in turn, affects their physico-chemical properties and thermal stability, and leads to a decrease in the decomposition temperature, a change in the shape of the thermogravimetric curves, and the formation of carbon residue during pyrolysis

A Complex, Multidisciplinary Approach to Prevention of Gastro-Duodenal Bleeding in Therapeutic Patients of a General Hospital

The aim of this study was to make the prevention of EU-GDB more efficient in therapeutic patients admitted to a general hospital by using a multidisciplinary approach that includes a diagnostic algorithm, treatment protocol, and individual methods of EU-GDB prevention. Materials and Methods: The study included 114 patients of the therapeutic, pulmonary, and cardiology departments of the Voronezh City Emergency Care Hospital. The patients had been admitted due to destabilization of their underlying conditions and displayed signs of acute gastroduodenal erosions and ulcers during their stay in the hospital. All the patients were randomly divided into two equal groups: the main group and the comparison group. A multidisciplinary approach was applied to patients of the main group (n=58; mean age, 62.64±14.37); it included early pre-clinical diagnosis of EU-GDI by FGDS on the second or third day after their admission to the hospital, which helped to reveal in a timely manner uncomplicated EU-GDI and directly start local treatment as a part of complex therapy. An algorithm of the procedure provides for participation of a surgeon. Powder-like biologically active granular sorbents of the new generation (ASEPTISORB-A, ASEPTISORB-D, or ASEPTISORB-DT) were applied to the revealed acute erosions and gastroduodenal ulcers during the FGDS procedure to prevent hemorrhagic complications. After manifestation of the first signs of EU-GDB: during the curative endoscopy, the use of the developed minimally invasive method of endoscopic hemostasis, which provided combined application of a local haemostatic preparation Gelplastan and ASEPTISORB-D to the defect area. In the comparison group(n=56), the traditional technique of surgical consultations “on demand” was used. FGDS was performed when first symptoms appeared. Common methods of endoscopic hemostasis without local treatment of EU-GDI and application of granulated sorbents were used in this group. Conclusion: The developed program helps to prevent hemorrhagic complications, exclude emergency operations, and reduce mortality rate by 3 times

Mass Testing and Characterization of 20-inch PMTs for JUNO

Main goal of the JUNO experiment is to determine the neutrino mass ordering using a 20kt liquid-scintillator detector. Its key feature is an excellent energy resolution of at least 3 % at 1 MeV, for which its instruments need to meet a certain quality and thus have to be fully characterized. More than 20,000 20-inch PMTs have been received and assessed by JUNO after a detailed testing program which began in 2017 and elapsed for about four years. Based on this mass characterization and a set of specific requirements, a good quality of all accepted PMTs could be ascertained. This paper presents the performed testing procedure with the designed testing systems as well as the statistical characteristics of all 20-inch PMTs intended to be used in the JUNO experiment, covering more than fifteen performance parameters including the photocathode uniformity. This constitutes the largest sample of 20-inch PMTs ever produced and studied in detail to date, i.e. 15,000 of the newly developed 20-inch MCP-PMTs from Northern Night Vision Technology Co. (NNVT) and 5,000 of dynode PMTs from Hamamatsu Photonics K. K.(HPK)

Measuring low energy atmospheric neutrino spectra with the JUNO detector

Atmospheric neutrinos are one of the most relevant natural neutrino sources that can be exploited to infer properties about Cosmic Rays and neutrino oscillations. The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) experiment, a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector with excellent energy resolution is currently under construction in China. JUNO will be able to detect several atmospheric neutrinos per day given the large volume. A study on the JUNO detection and reconstruction capabilities of atmospheric $\nu_e$ and $\nu_\mu$ fluxes is presented in this paper. In this study, a sample of atmospheric neutrinos Monte Carlo events has been generated, starting from theoretical models, and then processed by the detector simulation. The excellent timing resolution of the 3" PMT light detection system of JUNO detector and the much higher light yield for scintillation over Cherenkov allow to measure the time structure of the scintillation light with very high precision. Since $\nu_e$ and $\nu_\mu$ interactions produce a slightly different light pattern, the different time evolution of light allows to discriminate the flavor of primary neutrinos. A probabilistic unfolding method has been used, in order to infer the primary neutrino energy spectrum from the detector experimental observables. The simulated spectrum has been reconstructed between 100 MeV and 10 GeV, showing a great potential of the detector in the atmospheric low energy region