Vanguard Alutiiq heritage practice and the import of expertise

Cet article explore les diverses manières par lesquelles le nettoyage de la pollution due au pétrolier Exxon Valdez et le travail patrimonial et identitaire des Alutiit se sont articulés autour de conseils d’experts universitaires. Les types de connaissances et d’évaluations à travers lesquels l’identité, le patrimoine et le nettoyage des côtes polluées ont pu être administrés suggèrent que ce sont les technologies elles-mêmes de la réalisation patrimoniale et identitaire des Autochtones de l’Alaska qui se transforment. Elles sont à présent de plus en plus liées au paysage politique américain au sens large, au capitalisme, à l’autorité scientifique et à l’intervention de l’État, autant qu’à une sensibilité propre et un attachement à l’autorité locale. L’identité et le travail patrimonial autochtones sont négociés, contingents, ouverts et provocateurs, mais sous certaines conditions.This article explores ways that Exxon Valdez oil spill restoration as well as Alutiiq identity and heritage work become articulated through a reliance on the advice of university-trained experts. The kinds of knowledge and calculation through which identity, heritage and restoration become administrable suggests that the very technologies of Alaska Native identity and heritage making are shifting. They are now increasingly linked to the larger American political landscape, capitalism, scientific authority and state intervention, as well as to local sentimentality and preservation of authority. Indigenous identity and heritage work are negotiated, contingent, open and provocative, but there are specific conditionalities

An Examination of the Far Infrared Spectrum of Hydrogen Fluoride

Introduction: The absorption or emission of electromagnetic radiation from 15 μ to 1000 μ is caused by energy changes in the rotations or the skeletal vibrations of molecules. This wavelength range is known as the far infrared spectral region and has in recent years become the object of extensive experimental activity. Much of the activity may be attributed to an increased awareness of the need for information which cannot be obtained elsewhere; to improved instrumentation and techniques; and to a natural desire to bridge the gap between the infrared and the microwave regions. A bibliography of the far infrared compiled by Palik (1960) impressively indicates that the early history of the long wavelength region, from 1895 to 1920, is the history of the investigation of Heinrich Rubens and his co-workers. Their efforts were directed toward the determination of wavelengths, reflection, and transmission factors, index of refraction measurements, and polarization studies on a wide variety of materials such as quartz, mica, fluorite, rock salt, crown glass, and sulfur (Rubens and Nichols, 1897). Many of their results were immediately applied to new instrumentation and used for further research. For example, the discovery of suitable window materials while using the bolometer as a detector made possible the replacement of the bolometer by the more sensitive torsion radiometer. Following Rubens a host of investigators led by Czerny, Badger, Cartwright, Strong, Randall, and Barnes further developed and improved the art of instrumentation; extended the applications; and refined the theory of the far infrared. Present day research is devoted to many kinds of physical phenomena such as the vibrations of long chain molecules found in polymers and organic substances, optical constants of liquids and solids, properties of semi-conductors, and magneto-optic effects in semi-conductors. These are in addition to extensive investigations on the pure rotational bands of gases. Two of the most important examples in early years of observations on pure rotational spectra are those of M. Czerny (1927) on the hydrogen halides and R. M. Badger and C. H. Cartwright (1929) on ammonia. The first observation of hydrogen fluoride lines in the far infrared were reported in the paper by Czerny. Three lines were found lying between 45 μ and 125 μ. These lines were assigned to transitions in the ground state vibrational energy level between the rotational energy levels designated by the quantum numbers J(1) → J(2), J(3) → J(4), and J(4) → J(5). The pure rotational spectrum of HF then lay dormant until D. F. Smith and A. H. Nielsen (1956) concluded observations on lines corresponding to transitions originating with rotational levels J(10) through J(15) lying between 15 μ and 25 μ. Their frequency data were used in conjunction with data by Kupiers (1956), obtained in the fundamental vibration-rotation band, to determine the rotational constants of the hydrogen fluoride molecule. For a few molecules such as NH3 and OCS, studies have been made in the microwave region of intensities, shapes, and widths of lines in pure rotational spectra (Bleaney and Penrose, 1948; Johnson and Slager, 1952). The tremendous resolving power of spectrometers working in this region makes possible the direct determination of true line shapes. Investigations recently completed in this laboratory (Herget, 1962) have demonstrated that with high resolution and a precisely measured split function it is possible to measure directly the shapes and widths of individual lines of the HF fundamental band in the near infrared

Entrepreneurship and Engineering Education: The Multidimensional Approaches of Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Characteristics of successful entrepreneurs are not so different from those of successful engineers. Intelligence, creativity, risk management, tolerance of uncertainty and persistence in achieving an inner directed goal are associated with entrepreneurship, but they are characteristics of anyone, like engineers, who bring about innovation. Educating young people to embrace entrepreneurial traits and behaviors will also help to prepare them for productive careers as leaders in the engineering profession. Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) requirements have recognized that the 21st Century engineer needs both breadth and depth to be prepared for the complexities of the modern technological workplace and the world it serves. At Rose-Hulman, efforts are being made to integrate entrepreneurship into the students’ educational experiences to prepare them for this future. Rose-Hulman has recognized that goals of business and entrepreneurship are different from those of higher education. For example, business encourages secrecy and other protection of new knowledge, while universities have historically favored dissemination. Moreover, education encourages students to make ambitious efforts and learn from failures, while entrepreneurs must be cautious to match their efforts to what markets are ready to accept. Rose-Hulman’s response has been to provide a range of activities with primarily educational focus from entrepreneurship courses and in-class projects aimed at forming e-teams to Engenius Solutions, a unique student-managed organization to promote the commercialization of studentdeveloped ideas. At the other end of the education and business spectrum is Rose- Hulman Ventures where students and faculty work for about two dozen clients who are attempting to launch technology-based businesses. This incubator /new-product development cent! er provides first-hand experience in both technology and entrepreneurship. This paper will describe the objectives and results of Rose-Hulman’s various efforts at technical entrepreneurship and show how together they provide both solid preparation for engineers and the background to launch independent entrepreneurial endeavors

The Over-the-Shoulder Conference: Teaching as Children Read

Over-the-shoulder conferences are not replacements for formal conferences at the teacher\u27s desk, nor for the disciplinary conference outside the door, but rather are brief, less-structured encounters. Over-the-shoulder conferences, loosely defined as the teacher interacting about reading material with a student at the student\u27s seat, are neither unique nor novel. Nearly all teachers have worked with students in this manner. However, few teachers seem to make use of over-the-shoulder conferences in a systematic fashion which maximizes their effectiveness

Currently Existing Mosquito Control Programs in Minnesota

Mosquito Control in Minnesota is governed by three statutes: Local Pest Control 18.021 -18.022, Mosquito Abatement 18.041 -18.161, and Mosquito Control 473.701 -473.717. Of these only two are actively utilized, 18.021 -18.022 in outstate Minnesota and 473.701 -473.717 in the seven county metropolitan area. Local Pest Control Statute 18.021 -18.022 governs the control of many pests including mosquitoes. The statute is enforced by the Municipal Pest Control Section of the Division of Plant Industry in the Minnesota Department of Agriculture. Pesticides are generally applied to kill adult mosquitoes upon citizen demand

Mountains of Maize, Persistent Poverty

The past two years are a tribute to Zambian farmers; they have responded admirably to government efforts to promote maize production. But ironically, rural poverty remains stubbornly high despite the fact that the government has spent over 2% of the nation’s gross domestic product in supporting maize production and subsidizing inputs for farmers. Why is it that maize production has increased so impressively without making a serious dent in rural poverty? And what are the lessons for the new government?maize, poverty, Zambia, Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Security and Poverty,

Henry Wells Lawrence Memorial Lectures, Number 2

Second, third, and fourth lectures in a series established in honor of Henry Wells Lawrence, Professor of History at Connecticut College. Contents of this volume are: The Pattern of Democratic Change in the United States: Andrew Jackson and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Arthur Meier Schlesinger, Jr., Associate Professor of History, Harvard University The Problem of the Democratization of Germany, Carl Joachim Friedrich, Professor of Government, Harvard University Variations on the Liberal Theme, Alpheus Thomas Mason, McCormick Professor of Jurisprudence, Princeton Universityhttps://digitalcommons.conncoll.edu/ccbooks/1008/thumbnail.jp

Small Arms Artifacts from the Battle of Plattsburgh Bay

On September 11, 1814, Captain George Downie of the British Royal Navy sailed a squadron of four ships and a dozen gunboats around Cumberland Head, on the New York shore of Lake Champlain, where Captain Thomas Macdonough of the United States Navy waited to engage him with a comparable naval force. Macdonough won the battle, capturing the four Royal Navy ships and forcing nearby British Army forces to retreat back to Canada. After the victory, the captured British ships were temporarily positioned at Crab Island at the southern end of Plattsburgh Bay to be repaired before their removal to Whitehall, New York. Cleanup of the ships began in transit between the battle site and Crab Island, with debris and damaged equipment being thrown overboard. This jettisoned material remained on the lake bottom for the next century and a half. In the late 1950’s, a man named William ‘Bill’ Leege taught himself to dive with early scuba equipment and began to search Lake Champlain for the battlefield of Plattsburgh Bay. Leege spent the next three decades recovering artifacts from the lake bottom, all the while carefully documenting and retaining artifacts of significance. The artifacts recovered by Bill Leege and his colleagues in the Lake Champlain Archaeological Association (LCAA) were later donated to the Lake Champlain Maritime Museum in Vergennes, Vermont, where many of the artifacts were conserved and are currently housed. The majority of small arms artifacts from Plattsburgh Bay and the surrounding area have never been displayed by the Museum, nor have they been analyzed and published in their entirety in any publicly available catalogue. This thesis on the small arms artifacts in the LCAA collection at the Lake Champlain Maritime Museum will provide a greater depth of understanding of the reality of naval life and naval warfare on the lake during the War of 1812. It will allow for the comparative study of this collection of arms with other weaponry-related finds from the war and from the period. Historical research on the provenance of these small arms will give a deeper understanding of the nature of trade in small arms, and the accessories necessary for their maintenance and use, at the beginning of the 19th century