35 research outputs found
Non-financial motivation practices: Megafon and Nestle
The article examines factors which influence the effectiveness of employee motivation, as well as presents the main aspects that need to be taken into account to develop the optimal system of financial and non-financial motivation of employees in international companies. At the same time, a comparative analysis of existing employee motivation practices is provided, using the example of two giant companies: Megafon and Nestle
Concept of producing of the Russian national system of functional food
Statistics show negative forecasts of the demographic indicators of the Russian population including their size and health. The human habitat which has been deteriorating in recent decades causes cardinal changes in the assortment and variety of food and significantly contributes to the reduction of their biological value. The depletion of food products (FP) of vegetable and animal origin in vital mineral elements, vitamins and other physiologically active components represents a serious long-term threat to human health and the national security. Industrial methods of enriching FP have certain limitations: a narrow set of micronutrients, their interaction among themselves and accessibility for not all groups of the population. One way to reduce the negative consequences is through the introduction and breeding of new for Russia species and varieties of agricultural plants and organize a mass production of functional foods (FF) that contribute to the prevention and/or suspension of the development of dangerous diseases and slowing down the aging process. The solution of this multifaceted problem lies in changing the consumption structure of foods and their chemical composition conditioned by both the assortment of grown plant species and cultivars of food plants, as well as the composition and quality of soils, fertilizers and the conditions for crop cultivation. Taking into account the prevailing demographic situation in the Russian Federation, it is necessary to create a comprehensive national program for the allocation of new high-content sources of FF ingredients based on traditional and underutilized crops, cultivars and forms of cereal, vegetable and fruit crops and their inclusion in agricultural production as well as existing and newly created technological processes in food industry. The advantages of creating and developing a national system of the functional food in Russia will be: the improvement of public health and life expectancy, the reduction of the Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund expenditures and the development of business structures involved in the production of the FF
Effect of taxanes on the miR-106 and miR-200c expression in prostate cancer cells in vivo and in vitro
Introduction. A combination of antiandrogen and cytostatic drugs was justified in the neoadjuvant therapy of patients with high-risk prostate cancer (HiRPCa) in some clinical trials. The effectiveness of such therapy in each individual case depends on the sensitivity of cancer cells to the applied drugs. It makes possible the development of the new technologies to personalize therapeutic approach. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of regulatory molecules whose expression is altered in PCa cells and can be associated with the sensitivity/resistance of cancer cells to specific cytostatics, for instance, taxanes.Objective. To identify the potential-marker miRNAs of PCa cells sensitivity to taxanes.Materials and methods. Samples of PCa tissue (n. 56) obtained from patients underwent neo-adjuvant therapy (antiandrogen and taxanes) and radical prostatectomy; PCa cell lines (PC-3, DU-145, LNCap). Total RNAs isolation was carried out using miRNeasy FFPE Kit, LRU-100-50; miRCURY LNA miRNA Focus PCR Panel, All-MIR kits were used for semi-quantitative analysis of potentially marker microRNA molecules using sequential reverse transcription and PCR.Results. The effect of taxanes on PCa cells is associated with up-regulation of miR-106b expression and down-regulation of miR-200c expression in both in vivo and in vitro conditions.Conclusion. MiR-106b and miR-200c miRNAs are involved in the response of PCa cells to taxanes, and therapeutic modification of these molecules in PCa cells may present a potential strategy to increase their sensitivity to taxane-containing therapy. Appropriate innovative technology may be in demand in the treatment of HiRPCa-patients
ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ° Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ»Π°Π·Ρ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ L-Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ
We present a case of a rare disease, aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency (AADCD), with delayed diagnosis even after a pathogenic mutation indicative of AADCD was found. In most cases, AADCD causes marked impairment of motor and psycho- speech development and is accompanied by severe episodes of dystonia β oculogyric crises. The careful attention of neurologists, pediatricians, geneticists, gastroenterologists, and pulmonologists in cases of a complex set of diverse symptoms determines the success of early diagnosis and the earliest possible prescription of modern gene replacement therapy for AADCD.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ° Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ»Π°Π·Ρ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
L-Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ (aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency, AADCD) Ρ Π·Π°Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π° Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ, ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π° AADCD. Π§Π°ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ AADCD Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΈ β ΠΎΠΊΡΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅Π²ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ², Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², Π³Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠ»ΡΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ AADCD
ΠΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ·ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ.
In the literature review we described studies, the main purpose of which was to distribute bladder tumors by molecular subtypes. A similar classification has long been actively used in the treatment of breast cancer. The pioneering work in the molecular subtypes of bladder cancer includes the work by Lund group, the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) project, the MD Anderson study. We have also included data on attempts to apply molecular taxonomy of bladder cancer in treatment.Π ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ·ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°ΠΌ. Π‘Ρ
ΠΎΠΆΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΆΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π²Π½ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ. Π ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ·ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡΒ ΠΡΠ½Π΄Π°, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ TCGA,Β ΠΈΡΠ»Π»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΒ MDΒ Anderson. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅, ΠΌΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ·ΡΡΡ Π² Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ.Β
ΠΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½ β ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅Ρ Π·Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ
Objective of the study to analyze and summarize the available data on the role of glycodelin in carcinogenesis and its expression in various cancers.Material and Methods. A literature search was conducted in Medline, PubMed Central, NCBI databases in the time interval from January 1983 to October 2019 using the key words glycodelin and cancer. Of the 104 publications found, 21 were used to write the review.Results. This paper presents the overview of the findings in current research focusing on the properties of glycodelin, the major lipocalin protein of the human reproductive system. Some lipocalins are known to play a key role in cancer development as well as influence signaling pathways in the regulation of cell motility, differentiation and neovascularization. Most likely they can be used as cancer markers. Glycodelin A is determined in serum and, due to its special immunoregulatory properties, can serve as a useful prognostic marker and a promising target for future anti-cancer therapies. The presence of glycodelin A in breast cancer tissue is known to be mostly linked to a better prognosis than is attributed to glycodelin-negative tissue, as glycodelin is a protein typical of differentiated tissue. On the other hand, glycodelin might play a role in neovascularisation, thereby promoting tumor growth. Glycodelin is a biomarker of aggressive malignant pleural mesothelioma and a prognostic biomarker of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer at late stages. Glycodelin hyperexpression is associated with brain metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma, and its determination can be used as an additional prognostic factor.Conclusion. The review refects basic scientifc data and results of clinical trials, as well as identifes future prospects that allow the development of new methods for cancer detection and treatment. It should be noted that glycodelin plays an important role in tumor development, progression, angiogenesis, and the formation of distant metastases, and therefore can serve as a useful diagnostic and prognostic marker. Further studies of the functional properties of glycodelin are needed to develop promising strategies in cancer therapy.Β Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° Π² ΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π΅ ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΎΠΈΡΠΊ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
Medline, PubMed Central, NCBI ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΌ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΌ glycodelin ΠΈ cancer. ΠΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅, ΠΎΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΡΠ½Π²Π°ΡΡ 1983 Π³. ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ±ΡΡ 2019 Π³. ΠΠ· Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ 104 ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ 21 Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π² ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° β Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π°. ΠΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½ Π ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ². ΠΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° Π Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π°. Π ΡΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ½ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ°Π½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π΅. ΠΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π°Π³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π·ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡ
. ΠΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
, ΠΈ Π΅Π΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ. Π‘Π»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ, Π°Π½Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ, ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ³Π»ΡΠ±Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ.
ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ: ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ
Prostate cancer is the largest problem among the male population of the planet, despite the slow development of the disease, thousands of men die from this disease every year. Taking into account the following facts, we can say about the importance and relevance of this problem. This review highlights the results of different treatment strategies for high and very high risk prostate cancer.Π Π°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π΅ΡΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠΉ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΈΠ½. ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ. Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΉ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π΅Π·Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ°.
Short- and long-term outcomes from the upfront high-dose chemotherapy, followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Introduction. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common (30-35%) type of B-cell lymphomas. Only about 60% of all newly diagnosed advanced-stage DLBCL can be completely treated by x6 CHOP-R only. High dose chemotherapy (HDCT) followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the first remission (upfront auto-HSCT) can serve an option to improve prognosis in these patients (pts).Aim. To improve prognosis in DLBCL IV stage, IPI β₯2 pts by upfront auto-HSCT.Materials and methods. Included 105 pts: DLBCL NOS, age 18-65, stage IV, IPI β₯2, CR/PR after x6 CHOP/EPOCH + R from 2010 to 2019 at NMRC of Oncology named after N.N. Petrov of MoH of Russia were retrospectively analyzed. HSCT group includes pts with upfront HDCT followed by auto-HSCT (n = 35). The control group includes pts with non-invasive follow-up after induction only (n = 70). Primary endpoints were overall (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints were response rate, relapse rate and treatment toxicity.Results and discussion. The 3-yr OS (p = 0.01) and 3-yr PFS (p = 0.018) were significantly higher in HSCT group. The complete response rate was significantly increased after upfront auto-HSCT (p < 0.001). Early relapse served as an independent negative prognostic factor in OS (p < 0.001) and experienced statistically less in HDCT group (p = 0.027). Early (ER) and late relapse (LR) rate were higher in pts with DEL (ER - p < 0.001, LR - p < 0.001 in control group and ER - p < 0.001, LR -p = 0.013 in all pts). The overall relapse rate was higher if pts had >1 extranodal site with lung involvement (p < 0.004 in the control group and p = 0.021 in all pts). Prognostic models suggested DEL and presence of >1 extranodal site with lung involvement as an independent negative prognostic factors for increasing the relapse probability in two years after treatment.Conclusion. Upfront HSCT can serve as a clinical option to consolidate the first remission in IV stage DLBCL pts with DEL and/or >1 extranodal sites with lung involvement
ΠΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ
Testicular tumors occur in 1β1.5 % of cases in the structure of the general oncological morbidity among men and constitute 5 % among tumors of the urogenital tract. In Western Europe, 3β6 new cases are recorded a year per 100 thousand male population. Nevertheless, in relation to young men, this particular type of neoplasm is not only the most common oncological pathology (up to 60 % of all neoplasms), but also the main cause of cancer mortality. Risk factors for developing ovarian cancer include a family history, previous development of a tumor in the contralateral testicle, and components of testicular dysgenesis syndrome (cryptorchidism, hypospadias, spermatogenesis disorders leading to infertility). Tumors of paratesticular tissues are much less common and most of them are benign. Squamous cell carcinoma rarely develops as a primary tumor of the testis and / or paratesticular tissue, isolated cases have been described in the English literature. Secondary damage to the scrotum organs is more frequent, but such situations are usually found in patients of an older age group. This article presents the clinical case and the final results of treatment of a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of paratesticular tissue.ΠΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π² 1β1,5 % ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² Π² ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ 5 % ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°. Π ΠΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ 3β6 Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² Π² Π³ΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π° 100 ΡΡΡ. ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Ρ ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ° ΡΡΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΠΏ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ (Π΄ΠΎ 60 % Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ), Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°. Π€Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π·, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ° Π΄ΠΈΡΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π° ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° (ΠΊΡΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ, Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡ, Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π°, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ). ΠΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΅, ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅. ΠΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈ / ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ, ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π² Π°Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅. ΠΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅, Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ. Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΠΉ