Analysis of Epidemiological Surveillance Activity of the COVID-19 at Surabaya Airport Indonesia on January 2020

The Surabaya Port Health Office (PHO) Class I is tasked with the disease prevention by detection, response and protection at entrance gates for the sea- and airports and over the state cross-border posts regarding Public Health Emergency of International Concern situation of COVID-19. This analysis aims to assess activities of early warning alert and response system to COVID-19 at Juanda International Airport on January 2020 and provides recommendations to enhance the system in the future. The method used includes interviewing four informants, studying of documents and directing field-observation by following regular activities of PHO representatives, who supervise, inspect General Declarations, distribute, and collect the Health Alert Card (HAC) and monitor body temperature of travelers. The analysis uses a system approach (input, process, output) and a 4M model with modification by adding time, technology and information variables. Activities in the early warning alert and response system of COVID-19 are in accordance with the Preparedness Guidelines by the Indonesian Ministry of Health. The outputs of reported activities have been classified as appropriate. The HAC form is lacking as a source of COVID-19 surveillance with regards to address information, which often being misinterpreted by travelers. It is necessary to add additional questions regarding the destination address of travelers in Indonesia, and to educate on how to fill in a HAC correctly through a completed example form; communication and direction from Surabaya PHO Class I operatives are also necessary so that the effectiveness of HAC can be maximized

Post Hypertension and Stroke: A Case Control Study

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence the incidence of stroke including smoking status, past hypertension , past diabetes, diet, physical activity, alcohol consumption. The design of this study is case control with a ratio of 1: 1. The total number of respondents is 132 people. Research subjects were selected using systematic random sampling. This research was conducted at Ngudi Waluyo Hospital in Wlingi. Blitar, Indonesia in October till November 2017. Bivariate analysis showed that factors significantly related to stroke were smoking status (p=0.011, OR=2.6), history of past hypertension (p=0.00, OR= 6), past diabetes  (p=0.015 ; OR=5,7), and unhealthy diet (p= 0,00; OR = 5,7). Multivariate analysis showed that factors that significantly influence stroke are smoking, having hypertension in the past, and unhealthy diet.Conclusion of this study was smoking, having hypertension in the past, and unhealthy diet are factors that influence the incidence of stroke. Maintaining normal blood pressure, maintaining a diet, and not smoking are precautions should be taken in order to prevent stroke

TREATMENT OUTCOMES OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS IN EAST JAVA FROM 2014 TO 2017

Background: Multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) is a major public health problem marked by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain that is resistant to first line anti TB drugs, including rifampicin and isoniazid simultaneously. A patient confirmed as having MDR TB can transmit this form of TB to other individuals. Therefore, treatment success is the main target when addressing MDR TB. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the treatment outcomes of MDR TB patients in East Java Province from 2014 to 2017. Method: This is a quantitative-descriptive study using the secondary data of drug resistant TB patients sourced from the e-TB Manager website in the East Java Province Health Office. Results: The results show that the average MDR TB patients was 47 years old, 57.44% were male, 37.52% had a negative HIV status, 44.87% were relapse patients, 71.95% had undergone two or less previous treatments, and 69.24% had sputum culture conversion. The treatment outcomes included 161 patients (31.14%) confirmed as cured, 27 patients (5.22%) completing treatment, 174 patients (33.65%) defaulting, two patients (0.38%) confirmed as having failed treatment, and 59 patients (11.41%) dying during the treatment period. Conclusion: The treatment success rate was low and the number of defaults was high. Therefore, it is hoped that there will be support from those closest to the patient and health workers who will maintain and increase the patient's motivation to complete the treatment

Analisis Faktor Risiko Modifikasi Penyakit Jantung Koroner Di RSU Haji Surabaya Tahun 2019

Latar Belakang: Pola penyakit saat ini mengalami transisi epidemiologi dibuktikannya dari perkembangan penyakit tidak menular yaitu penyakit jantung. Penyakit jantung khususnya jantung koroner ini termasuk penyakit yang menduduki tingkat morbiditas dan mortalitas nomor satu di dunia. Menurut World Health Organisation diperkirakan angka kematian akibat penyakit jantung koroner meningkat hingga 23,3 juta pada tahun 2030. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor risiko modifikasi terhadap penyakit jantung koroner yaitu hipertensi, diabetes melitus, aktivitas fisik, dan perilaku merokok di RSU Haji Surabaya tahun 2019. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah case-control. Sampel penelitian ini yaitu pasien PJK atau tidak PJK di RSU Haji Surabaya. Kriteria inklusinya pasien terdiagnosis PJK atau tidak di ruang rawat jalan/inap/khusus RSU Haji Surbaya, serta bersedia mengikuti penelitian. Jumlah sampel penelitian ini 200 orang yang diambil dengan teknik simple random sampling.Analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat. Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel hipertensi memiliki hubungan terhadap penyakit jantung koroner (p-value = 0,00, p<0,05), variabel diabetes melitus memiliki hubungan terhadap penyakit jantung koroner (p-value= 0,00, p<0,05). Nilai OR pada hasil penelitian variabel hipertensi dan diabetes melitus tidak dapat dihitung. Variabel aktivitas fisik memiliki hubungan yang signifikan (p-value = 0,017; OR = 0,184; 95%CI=0,039-0,861) dengan kejadian penyakit jantung koroner. Sedangkan hasil yang tidak beruhubungan yaitu pada variabel perilaku merokok (p-value = 0,250; OR=1,463; 95%CI=0,764-2,802) terhadap penyakit jantung koroner. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa hipertensi, diabetes melitus, dan aktivitas fisik memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian penyakit jantung koroner. Sedangkan perilaku merokok tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan dengan kejadian penyakit jantung koroner

Hubungan Perilaku Merokok Terhadap Kualitas Hidup Pasien Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronis (PPOK)

COPD mengacu pada serangkaian gangguan di mana aliran udara terbatas karena kelainan saluran napas atau alveolar dan di mana gejala pernapasan bertahan dari waktu ke waktu. Penyakit ini hasil dari kontak yang terlalu lama dengan zat beracun. Ketika peradangan terus-menerus hadir, saluran udara menyempit, mengurangi recoil paru. Berkurangnya partisipasi dalam aktivitas sehari-hari dikaitkan dengan kualitas hidup yang lebih rendah bagi penderita COPD, dan kondisi yang disebutkan di atas dapat berkontribusi pada hal ini. Para peneliti di Rumah Sakit Universitas Airlangga ingin mengetahui seberapa besar dampak merokok terhadap kualitas hidup pasien PPOK. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian analitik observasional cross-sectional. Pengambilan sampel berturut-turut digunakan untuk memilih 90 peserta yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi penelitian. Data sekunder dikumpulkan dari rekam medis, sedangkan data primer dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner yang diberikan kepada pasien di Klinik Paru RSUA. Dalam penelitian ini, kebiasaan merokok partisipan dijadikan sebagai variabel bebas. Sementara kualitas hidup menjadi fokus penelitian ini yang merupakan variabel dependen. Uji chi-square dilakukan pada data. Di Rumah Sakit Universitas Airlangga, pasien dengan penyakit paru obstruktif kronik memiliki kualitas hidup yang lebih buruk secara signifikan jika mereka merokok (p=0,023). Oleh karena itu, kecenderungan seseorang untuk merokok berpotensi berdampak negatif pada kualitas hidup mereka jika mereka menderita PPOK. Oleh karena itu diperlukan peningkatan pengetahuan kepada pasien PPOK terkait dengan akibat perilaku merokok kepada kualitas hidup

Aplikasi Web SIKESMAS (Sistem Informasi Kesehatan Masyarakat)

Sikesmas merupakan sistem informasi sistem kesehatan masyarakat yang menampilkan data yang berhubungan dengan kesehatan masyarakat yang melibatkan interaksi antara Dinas Kesehatan, Puskesmas, Posyandu, Posbindu, Sekolah dan Keluarga. Sistem Sikesmas ini meliputi Data Statistik Vital, Data Kelahiran, Tumbuh Kembang, Anak Usia Sekolah, Data Perilaku, Kecelakaan, Maternal, Data Kematian Dan Laporan

Determinants of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Passive Smokers

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) leads to complications of other diseases. The modifiable risk factors for T2DM are overweight, physical activity, hypertension, unhealthy diet, and smoking. This study aimed to analyze determinants of T2DM incidence in passive smokers among various factors. This study was conducted at Hospital X in Surabaya City, East Java Province, Indonesia, from September 2019 to April 2020. The variables were univariate, bivariate, and multivariate. Case samples were T2DM patients and passive smokers, while control samples were non-T2DM patients and passive smokers, with 52 respondents per group, of 104 total respondents. Variables statistically significant related to the incidence of T2DM in passive smokers were age >45 years, level of education (not attaining primary school), lack of physical activity, and hypertension. While, the variables having no relation were sex, occupation, sedentary lifestyles, income, and genetics. The multivariate analysis showed that age was a major factor contributing to the incidence of T2DM in passive smokers at Hospital X Surabaya. In brief, age is the most dominant risk factor for the incidence of T2DM in passive smokers

Ownership of mother and children's health book and complete basic immunization status in slums and poor population

Background: The percentage of complete immunization in urban areas is higher than rural areas. The purpose of the study was to analyze the relationship between ownership of Maternal and Child Health (MCH) books with Complete Basic Immunization (CBI) coverage in slums and poor areas. Design and Methods: A rapid survey was conducted in selected slums and poor groups based on medical records from Public Health Center. Informants were mothers with a sample of 325 infants aged 12 to 23 months. Results: The lowest coverage of CBI for slum and poor residents is Pasuruan, which is 55.4%. The results of statistical analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between ownership of MCH books and the complete coverage of basic immunization in Malang (P=0.000; PR=3.682); Pasuruan (P=0.002; PR=1.854); Sidoarjo (P=0.000; PR=4.042); Surabaya (P=0.000; PR=2.425). Conclusions: It is recommended that the government should improve access to complete immunization programs in slums and poor population

Post Hypertension and Stroke: A Case Control Study

Stroke is the leading non-communicable cause of death in Indonesia. The number of stroke patients increases every year. A prevention strategy needs to be implemented to control the number of stroke patients, starting by determining the factors affecting the incidence of stroke. This study aimed to determine factors affecting stroke incidence, including smoking status, past hypertension, past diabetes, diet, physical activity, and alcohol consumption. The total of respondents was 132, consisting of 66 cases and 66 controls. This study employed a case control design and systematic random sampling method. The study was conducted at Ngudi Waluyo Wlingi Public Hospital in Blitar District, East Java Province, Indonesia, in October-November 2017. Bivariate analysis showed that factors significantly related to stroke were smoking status (p-value = 0.011, OR = 2.6), past hypertension (p-value = 0.00, OR = 6), past diabetes (p-value = 0.015, OR = 5.7), and unhealthy diet (p-value = 0.00, OR = 5.7). Multivariate analysis showed that factors significantly affecting stroke were smoking status, past hypertension, and an unhealthy diet. In conclusion, smoking, past hypertension, and an unhealthy diet are factors affecting the incidence of stroke

Gambaran Implementasi Regulasi Kawasan Tanpa Rokok Dalam Upaya Menurunkan Prevalensi Perokok Di Kabupaten Blitar

Blitar Regency already has a Regulation No. 1 of  2019 concerning Smoke-Freee Areas, carrying out technical capacity building for health workers in Stop Smoking Efforts (UBM) services. However, the number of smokers in Blitar Regency has not decreased, which is still 28.0%. This study aims to provide a descriptive description of the KTR regulations implemented by health facilities in Blitar Regency.  This is a type of quantitative research with a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. The research material used was secondary data from KTR and Cigarette reports in Blitar Regency in 2022 for the PTM program. The number of smokers aged 10 - 18 years was 7678 people (4.47%) consisting of 81.61% male smokers and 18.39% female smokers. The number of schools that have implemented KTR is 894 (79.32%) and those that have not are 233 (20.68%). There are 3 clinics (12%) and 17 independent doctor practices (22.67%) that have implemented UBM. The results of the multiple linear regression test, both from the P value (Sig. 0.785) and the calculated F (0.244), both show that there is no significance between schools that have KTR or not and the number of smokers aged 10 - 18 years, P value > α 0.05 and F count < F table (3.47). The implementation of KTR in schools needs to be achieved up to 100% and also in other places where KTR is mandatory because the long-term goal is to reduce the prevalence of the number of smokers