Validade e reprodutibilidade de receptores para o GPS em relação à distância percorrida Validez y reproducibilidad de receptores GPS en relación de la distancia recorrida

ResumenObjetivoEl presente estudio evaluó la validez y reproducibilidad de dos modelos de receptores para el Global Positioning System (GPS). La validez fue evaluada comparando la distancia registrada por los receptores con la distancia conocida de estos trayectos.MétodoSeis jóvenes tenistas (177,6±6,2cm; 76,6±3,2kg) recorrieron tres trayectos: 1) 100m en la pista de atletismo (número de “disparos” = 120); 2) 400m en la pista de atletismo (número de “disparos” = 60) y 3) 100m con cambios de dirección (número de “disparos” = 120), utilizando los equipos Garmin© Forerunner 405 y Polar© RS800.ResultadosEn los trayectos sin cambios de dirección (100 y 400m), a través de la ANOVA two way (distancia y velocidad) no se detectaron diferencias entre la distancia conocida y las distancias registradas por los receptores analizados (p>0,05). En el trayecto de 100m con cambios de dirección, se observaron diferencias entre la distancia conocida y las registradas tanto por el Polar© RS800 como por el Garmin© Forerunner 405 (p<0,05). También se verificó la diferencia en las distancias registradas por el Polar® RS800 y por el Garmin© Forerunner 405 para el trayecto realizado con cambios de dirección (p<0,05).ConclusiónA través de los datos, se puede afirmar que los receptores para GPS evaluados presentaron un nivel aceptable de precisión para distancias recorridas sin cambios de dirección, sin embargo, la precisión de estos equipos en trayectos con cambios de dirección fue limitada.AbstractObjectiveThe present study evaluated the reproducibility and validity of two models of receivers for the Global Positioning System (GPS). Validity was assessed by comparing the distance recorded by the GPS receivers with the known distance.MethodSix young players (177.6±6.2cm; 76.6±3.2kg) performed three routes with different characteristics: 1) 100m in the athletics track (number of “sprints” = 120); 2) 400m in the athletics track (number of “sprints” = 60) and 3) 100m with changes of direction (number of “sprints” = 120), using equipment Garmin© Forerunner 405 and Polar© RS800.ResultsRegarding linear routes (100 and 400m), no differences were detected using ANOVA two-way (distance and speed) between the known distance and distance recorded by GPS receivers analyzed (p>0.05). Regarding non-linear route of, significant differences were observed between the known distance and recorded distance by the GPS receivers (p<0.05). There was also a significant difference between the distance recorded by Polar© RS800 and Garmin© Forerunner 405 for the non-linear route (p<0.05). Analysis of the limits of agreement reinforces the limitation of equipment in relation to accuracy for the non-linear route.ConclusionThese data suggest that the GPS receivers evaluated showed acceptable level of accuracy for linear routes, however, the accuracy of such devices on non-linear routes was limited

Ação do cepa e do ácido giberélico na frutificação da videira 'niagara rosada'

Studies were carried out to establish the effects of exogenous growth regulators on Vitis (labrusca x vinifera) 'Niagara Rosada' fruiting. The investigations were done in the Jundiaí Research Station, Agronomic Institute State of São Paulo, always using disease-free vineyards of good productivity. The morphological transformations of clusters were carried out under the following aspects: weight, length and width of cluster; number of berries; weight, length average and width average of berries; length average/width average ratio of berries; number of seeds; length and diameter of secondary rachis. That characteristics were determined at the time of maturity plus the total sugars, total acid, Maturity Index and reducing sugars in samples of all treatments. The experiment were conduced in order to determine the doses that resulted in the most beneficial effects, always using applications by immersion of the inflorescence. The experiment consisted of appplications of (2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid (CEPA) at concentrations of 50, 100, 250, 500, 1,000 and 2,000 ppm, 14 days before flowering; treatments with gibberellic acid at concentrations of 100 and 200 ppm before full bloom, 10 days after full bloom, and both before plus after full bloom. Treatment with CEPA 100 ppm plus gibberellic acid 100 ppm before full bloom and check treatment were also used. The use of CEPA before flowering at the concentrations used, did not result in good results in 'Niagara Rosada' clusters; applications of gibberellic acid did not differ significantly from the nontreated vines under the conditions studied.Estudou-se o efeito da aplicação, por imersão, do CEPA (ácido 2-cloroetil fosfônico) e do ácido giberélico, 14 dias antes do florescimento, nas características morfológicas da panícula da videira Vitis (labrus-ca x vinifera) "Niagara Rosada". Alguns tratamentos com ácido giberélico foram concluídos com nova aplicação 10 dias após o florescimento. Neste experimento verificou-se que, aplicação do CEPA na concentração de 250 ppm resultou na formação de panículas com a maioria de características indesejáveis. o tratamento misto CEPA 100 ppm + ácido giberélico 100 ppm também promoveu o aparecimento de panículas subdesenvolvidas. Aplicação de ácido giberélico na concentração de 100 ppm em pré e pós-ílorescimento, resultou médias mais elevadas, com relação ao peso da panícula, comprimento da panícula, peso das bagas e comprimento da ráquis. Ácido giberélico na concentração de 100 ppm aplicado em pós-ílorescimento, promoveu uma tendência de aumento nas médias do tratamento quanto ao comprimento médio das bagas, largura média das bagas, largura do engaço e comprimento da ráquila. Devemos considerar porém, que os resultados obtidos não apresentaram diferenças significativas com relação ao controle, quanto às características das frutificações, nas condições de estudo

Atomic Spectrometry Based On Metallic Tube Atomizers Heated By Flame: Innovative Strategies From Fundamentals To Analysis

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Molecular Imprinting: A Promising Strategy In Matrices Elaboration For Drug Delivery Systems [impressão Molecular: Uma Estratégia Promissora Na Elaboração De Matrizes Para A Liberação Controlada De Fármacos]

Biomolecular interactions (antigen-antibody, enzymesubstrate and drug-receptor) have been investigated due to their selective nature. Thus, since 1940, the search for synthetic materials presenting specific binding sites has been increasing. Nowadays, they are well established in different science areas such as pharmacy, analytical chemistry, biochemistry, among others, being the referred materials called molecularly imprinted polymers-MIP. Although the largest applications of MIP are found in the separations science field, few applications of these polymers have been reported as drug delivery systems-DDS. Such applications have been promising due to the feasibility of the MIP synthesis. However, the clinical use of the MIP as DDS is still not observed, probably due to its recent application, as well as extensive tests necessary for its approval as a new pharmaceutical form. 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