ESTADO ACTUAL Y RELACIÓN NOMENCLATURAL DE LOS MAMÍFEROS TERRESTRES DE MÉXICO

Taking into account the methodological advancements of the last eight years, the updating of the list to subspecific level of the land native mammals of México (Class Mammalia) is been proposed, including nomenclatural changes that have taken place after 1996. The taxonomic changes, which are included, correspond to suggestion of new classification system, one above the specific level and another for the Order Chiroptera; description of new species; changes of taxonomic status of subgenera, genera, subfamilies, and families; sequence of the different orders into the classification system; separation of the components at generic and specific levels, revalidation of the species and subspecies names; incorporation of the names of species and subspecies into the synonym of others; and, correction of the nomenclature of others. The taxonomic categories mentioned in this paper belong to 12 orders, 34 families, 165 genera (13 are endemics), and 475 species (169 are endemics), 204 are monotypic and, 271 are polytypic species with 951 subspecies, 26 species exclusive to islands The information presented herein correspond only to the land native mammals of México, but the mention of two aquatic genus (Enhydra and Lontra) is made, and are excluded the components of the orders Cetacea, Pinnipedia, and Sirenia.Teniendo en cuenta los avances metodológicos habidos en los últimos ocho años, se propone la actualización a nivel subespecífico del listado, incluyendo los cambios nomenclaturales que se han producido después de 1996, de los mamíferos terrestres nativos de México (Clase Mammalia). Los cambios taxonómicos que se incluyen, corresponden a la propuesta de nuevos sistemas de clasificación, uno por arriba del nivel de especie y otro para el Orden Chiroptera; descripción de nuevas especies; cambio de estado taxonómico de subgéneros, géneros, subfamilias y familias; secuencia de los diversos órdenes en el sistema de clasificación; separación de componentes de un género; fusión de categorías genéricas; consideraciones de prioridad tanto de nivel genérico como el específico; revalidación de nombres de especies y subespecies; incorporación de especies y subespecies en la sinonimia de otras; y, corrección de la nomenclatura de otras. Las categorías taxonómicas que se mencionan en el trabajo pertenecen a 12 órdenes, 34 familias, 165 géneros (13 endémicos) y 475 especies (169 son endémicas), 204 son monotípicas y 271 politípicas, en donde se agrupan 951 subespecies. Del total de especies, 26 especies son insulares. Sólo se incluye información de los mamíferos terrestres nativos de México; con todo, se hace mención a dos géneros acuáticos Enhydra y Lontra y se excluyen los componentes de los órdenes Cetacea, Pinnipedia y Sirenia

The large jaguar that lived in the past of México: A forgotten fossil

In the 1970’s, Oswald Mooser delivered to the Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, a fossil jaw recovered from the Chapala region, Jalisco, that he identified as Panthera onca. The collection label indicates doubts about this taxonomic assignment; an issue that remains unsolved. The aim of this work is to study the taxonomy and biogeographic implications of this material. With this aim, morphological and morphometric comparisons were made using fossil and current feline specimens. Additionally, a review of the fossil record of Pa. onca in Mexico was carried out using the material deposited in collections and reported in the literature. Our results indicate that the jaw from Jalisco belongs to a large Pleistocene form of jaguar historically called Pa. onca augusta. With the present record, there is a total of 10 paleontological localities in México where fossil jaguar records have been reported. Curiously, only one of these locations matches with the current distribution of this feline in North America, the San Josecito Cave in Nuevo León. With this information, there is evidence to confirm that the range distribution of the jaguar has been reduced significantly since the Pleistocene to the present.En los 70, Oswald Mooser entregó al Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, una mandíbula fósil recuperada de la región de Chapala, Jalisco, que identificó como Panthera onca. La ficha de colección señala dudas sobre esta asignación taxonómica, un tema que no se ha resuelto. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la taxonomía y las implicaciones biogeográficas de este material. Para esto, se realizaron comparaciones morfológicas y morfométricas utilizando especímenes de felinos fósiles y actuales. Adicionalmente, se realizó una revisión del registro fósil de Pa. onca en México utilizando el material depositado en colecciones y reportado en la literatura. Nuestros resultados indican que la mandíbula de Jalisco pertenece a una forma grande de jaguar del Pleistoceno que históricamente ha sido llamado Pa. onca augusta. Con este registro, hay un total de 10 localidades paleontológicas en México donde se han reportado jaguares fósiles. Curiosamente, solo uno de estos lugares coincide con la distribución actual de este felino en América del Norte, la Cueva de San Josecito en Nuevo León. Con esta información, hay evidencia para confirmar que el rango de distribución del jaguar se ha reducido significativamente desde el Pleistoceno hasta el presente.Fil: Ruiz Ramoni, Damián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Universidad Nacional de La Rioja. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Universidad Nacional de Catamarca. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Secretaría de Industria y Minería. Servicio Geológico Minero Argentino. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja. - Provincia de La Rioja. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja; Argentina. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Montellano Ballesteros, Marisol. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Arroyo Cabrales, Joaquín. Instituto Nacional de Antropología E Historia; MéxicoFil: Caso, Arturo. Subsecretaría de Planeación y Política Ambiental, Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales; MéxicoFil: Carvajal Villarreal, Sasha. No especifíca

La paleodieta de cinco especies de mamíferos herbívoros rancholabreanos de valsequillo (Puebla, México)

Through the use of the 13C/12C and 18O/16O isotopic relationships found at enamel and osteodentine, here it is inferred the diet and preferred habitat in which five extinct herbivore species from the Late Pleistocene of Valsequillo, Puebla, México. The horses, mammoths, and sloths showed a diet mainly based in C4, meanwhile the capybaraand gomphotheres were mixed C3/C4 feeders. The vegetation in which those animals lived was open with some trees, similar to the one proposed in other studies based in some macromammals species found in the locality.Usando las relaciones isotópicas de 13C/12C y 18O/16O presentes en el esmalte y la osteodentina, se infirió la dieta y el ambiente en el cual vivieron cinco especies extintas de herbívoros procedentes del Pleistoceno Tardío de Valsequillo, Puebla, México. Los caballos, los mamutes y el perezoso mostraban una dieta basada exclusivamente en plantas C4, mientras que el carpincho y los gonfoterios exhibían una dieta mixta C3/C4. El tipo de vegetación en el cual estos animales habitaron fue abierto con poca cobertura arbórea, misma que ha sido propuesta en otros estudios usando la presencia de algunas especies de micromamíferos encontradosen la zona

The Younger Dryas black mat from Ojo de Agua, a geoarchaeologicalsite in Northeastern Zacatecas, Mexico

New explorations in the desert of northeastern Zacatecas, in central-northern Mexico, revealed dozens ofarchaeological and geoarchaeological sites. One of them, Ojo de Agua, contains the remains of a Pleis-tocene spring-fed hydrographic system located at the southeastern end of a large elongated endorheicbasin. The locality yielded a particularly dark, highly organic stratigraphic layer commonly known in theAmericas as Black Mat (BM), exposed on the natural profiles of a creek, but not associated with culturalmaterials. Several radiocarbon assessments confirmed the formation of the Ojo de Agua Black Mat duringthe Younger Dryas chronozone, with ten calibrated results clustering between 12,700e12,100 cal BP. Thismulti-proxy study confirmed the peculiarity of the deposit and found similarities and differences withother contexts of Younger Dryas age. The Ojo de Agua Black Mat (stratum C2) is far richer in charcoalspecks than the related strata, but lacks phytoliths, diatoms or ostracods. No further biological remainswere found in it, except for intrusive capillary roots. Clearly water-lain in a shallow pond, the stratumqualifies as a clayey silt with an acidic-to-neutral pH. Rich in heavy metals and with high contents oftitanium, the Ojo de Agua Black Mat yielded significant indicators of intense wildfires during the YoungerDryas, but produced no carbon spherules or nanodiamonds supposedly linked to the impact theory

Feeding habits and habitat of herbivorous mammals from the Early–Late Hemphillian (Miocene) of Costa Rica

Carbon and oxygen stable isotope values in the dental enamel of fossils were used to infer the diet and habitat of the extinct equids Calippus hondurensis, Dinohippus mexicanus, and Protohippus gidleyi, the gomphothere Gomphotherium hondurensis, and the llama Hemiauchenia vera of the Early–Late Hemphillian (Hh2) from San Gerardo de Limoncito, Puntarenas province, Costa Rica. The results suggest that these mammals fed mainly on C3 plants and lived in clearings of rainforests. This contrasts with previous studies from North America that indicated that the same species lived in forest savannas and fed mainly on C4 plants, but it is similar to the results obtained from the palynological record of the area, as well as with several vegetation models suggesting the presence of humid tropical forest during the Miocene in Central America

Evidence of human occupation in Mexico around the Last Glacial Maximum

The initial colonization of the Americas remains a highly debated topic1 , and the exact timing of the frst arrivals is unknown. The earliest archaeological record of Mexico—which holds a key geographical position in the Americas—is poorly known and understudied. Historically, the region has remained on the periphery of research focused on the frst Americanpopulations2 . However, recent investigations provide reliable evidence of a human presence in the northwest region of Mexico3,4 , the Chiapas Highlands5 , Central Mexico6 and the Caribbean coast7–9 during the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene epochs. Here we present results of recent excavations at Chiquihuite Cave—a high-altitude site in central-northern Mexico—that corroborate previous fndings in the Americas10–17of cultural evidence that dates to the Last Glacial Maximum (26,500–19,000years ago)18, and which push back dates for human dispersal to the region possibly as early as 33,000–31,000years ago. The site yielded about 1,900stone artefacts within a 3-m-deep stratifed sequence, revealing a previously unknown lithic industry that underwent only minor changes over millennia. More than 50radiocarbon and luminescence dates provide chronological control, and genetic, palaeoenvironmental and chemical data document the changing environments in which the occupants lived. Our results provide new evidence for the antiquity of humans in the Americas, illustrate the cultural diversity of the earliest dispersal groups (which predate those of the Clovis culture) and open new directions of research

Contributions in honor of Guy G. Musser.

450 p. : ill. (some col.), maps ; 26 cm. "Issued December 15, 2009." Includes bibliographical references.Contents: They sort out like nuts and bolts : a scientific biography of Guy G. Musser / Michael D. Carleton -- Taxonomy, distribution, and natural history of the genus Heteromys ‪(‬Rodentia: Heteromyidae‪)‬ in central and eastern Venezuela, with the description of a new species from the Cordillera de la Costa / Robert P. Anderson and Eliécer E. Gutiérrez -- Review of the Oryzomys couesi complex ‪(‬Rodentia: Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae‪)‬ in western Mexico / Michael D. Carleton and Joaquin Arroyo-Cabrales -- The antiquity of Rhizomys and independent acquisition of fossorial traits in subterranean muroids / Lawrence J. Flynn -- A new species of Reithrodontomys, subgenus Aporodon ‪(‬Cricetidae: Neotominae‪)‬, from the highlands of Costa Rica, with comments on Costa Rican and Panamanian Reithrodontomys / Alfred L. Gardner and Michael D. Carleton -- Phylogenetic relationships of harpyionycterine megabats ‪(‬Chiroptera: Pteropodidae‪)‬ / Norberto P. Giannini, Francisca Cunha Almeida, and Nancy B. Simmons -- A new genus and species of small ‪"‬tree-mouse‪"‬ ‪(‬Rodentia, Muridae‪)‬ related to the Philippine giant cloud rats / Lawrence R. Heaney, Danilo S. Balete, Eric A. Rickart, M. Josefa Veluz, and Sharon A. Jansa -- Biodiversity and biogeography of the moss-mice of New Guinea : a taxonomic revision of Pseudohydromys ‪(‬Muridae: Murinae‪)‬ / Kristofer M. Helgen and Lauren E. Helgen -- Systematic revision of sub-Saharan African dormice ‪(‬Rodentia: Gliridae‪)‬. Part 2, Description of a new species of Graphiurus from the central Congo Basin, including morphological and ecological niche comparisons with G. crassicaudatus and G. lorraineus / Mary Ellen Holden and Rebecca S. Levine -- Descriptions of new species of Crocidura ‪(‬Soricomorpha: Soricidae‪)‬ from mainland Southeast Asia, with synopses of previously described species and remarks on biogeography / Paulina D. Jenkins, Darrin P. Lunde, and Clive B. Moncrieff -- The six opossums of Félix de Azara : identification, taxonomic history, neotype designations, and nomenclatural recommendations / Robert S. Voss, Philip Myers, François Catzeflis, Ana Paula Carmignotto, and Josefina Barreiro -- Skull and dentition of Willeumys korthi, nov. gen. et sp., a cricetid rodent from the Oligocene ‪(‬Orellan‪)‬ of Wyoming / John H. Wahlert

Expert range maps of global mammal distributions harmonised to three taxonomic authorities

Aim: Comprehensive, global information on species' occurrences is an essential biodiversity variable and central to a range of applications in ecology, evolution, biogeography and conservation. Expert range maps often represent a species' only available distributional information and play an increasing role in conservation assessments and macroecology. We provide global range maps for the native ranges of all extant mammal species harmonised to the taxonomy of the Mammal Diversity Database (MDD) mobilised from two sources, the Handbook of the Mammals of the World (HMW) and the Illustrated Checklist of the Mammals of the World (CMW). Location: Global. Taxon: All extant mammal species. Methods: Range maps were digitally interpreted, georeferenced, error-checked and subsequently taxonomically aligned between the HMW (6253 species), the CMW (6431 species) and the MDD taxonomies (6362 species). Results: Range maps can be evaluated and visualised in an online map browser at Map of Life (mol.org) and accessed for individual or batch download for non-commercial use. Main conclusion: Expert maps of species' global distributions are limited in their spatial detail and temporal specificity, but form a useful basis for broad-scale characterizations and model-based integration with other data. We provide georeferenced range maps for the native ranges of all extant mammal species as shapefiles, with species-level metadata and source information packaged together in geodatabase format. Across the three taxonomic sources our maps entail, there are 1784 taxonomic name differences compared to the maps currently available on the IUCN Red List website. The expert maps provided here are harmonised to the MDD taxonomic authority and linked to a community of online tools that will enable transparent future updates and version control.Fil: Marsh, Charles J.. Yale University; Estados UnidosFil: Sica, Yanina. Yale University; Estados UnidosFil: Burguin, Connor. University of New Mexico; Estados UnidosFil: Dorman, Wendy A.. University of Yale; Estados UnidosFil: Anderson, Robert C.. University of Yale; Estados UnidosFil: del Toro Mijares, Isabel. University of Yale; Estados UnidosFil: Vigneron, Jessica G.. University of Yale; Estados UnidosFil: Barve, Vijay. University Of Florida. Florida Museum Of History; Estados UnidosFil: Dombrowik, Victoria L.. University of Yale; Estados UnidosFil: Duong, Michelle. University of Yale; Estados UnidosFil: Guralnick, Robert. University Of Florida. Florida Museum Of History; Estados UnidosFil: Hart, Julie A.. University of Yale; Estados UnidosFil: Maypole, J. Krish. University of Yale; Estados UnidosFil: McCall, Kira. University of Yale; Estados UnidosFil: Ranipeta, Ajay. University of Yale; Estados UnidosFil: Schuerkmann, Anna. University of Yale; Estados UnidosFil: Torselli, Michael A.. University of Yale; Estados UnidosFil: Lacher, Thomas. Texas A&M University; Estados UnidosFil: Wilson, Don E.. National Museum of Natural History; Estados UnidosFil: Abba, Agustin Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Aguirre, Luis F.. Universidad Mayor de San Simón; BoliviaFil: Arroyo Cabrales, Joaquín. Instituto Nacional de Antropología E Historia, Mexico; MéxicoFil: Astúa, Diego. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; BrasilFil: Baker, Andrew M.. Queensland University of Technology; Australia. Queensland Museum; AustraliaFil: Braulik, Gill. University of St. Andrews; Reino UnidoFil: Braun, Janet K.. Oklahoma State University; Estados UnidosFil: Brito, Jorge. Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad; EcuadorFil: Busher, Peter E.. Boston University; Estados UnidosFil: Burneo, Santiago F.. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador; EcuadorFil: Camacho, M. Alejandra. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador; EcuadorFil: de Almeida Chiquito, Elisandra. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; BrasilFil: Cook, Joseph A.. University of New Mexico; Estados UnidosFil: Cuéllar Soto, Erika. Sultan Qaboos University; OmánFil: Davenport, Tim R. B.. Wildlife Conservation Society; TanzaniaFil: Denys, Christiane. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; FranciaFil: Dickman, Christopher R.. The University Of Sydney; AustraliaFil: Eldridge, Mark D. B.. Australian Museum; AustraliaFil: Fernandez Duque, Eduardo. University of Yale; Estados UnidosFil: Francis, Charles M.. Environment And Climate Change Canada; CanadáFil: Frankham, Greta. Australian Museum; AustraliaFil: Freitas, Thales. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Friend, J. Anthony. Conservation And Attractions; AustraliaFil: Giannini, Norberto Pedro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - Tucumán. Unidad Ejecutora Lillo; ArgentinaFil: Gursky-Doyen, Sharon. Texas A&M University; Estados UnidosFil: Hackländer, Klaus. Universitat Fur Bodenkultur Wien; AustriaFil: Hawkins, Melissa. National Museum of Natural History; Estados UnidosFil: Helgen, Kristofer M.. Australian Museum; AustraliaFil: Heritage, Steven. University of Duke; Estados UnidosFil: Hinckley, Arlo. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Estación Biológica de Doñana; EspañaFil: Holden, Mary. American Museum of Natural History; Estados UnidosFil: Holekamp, Kay E.. Michigan State University; Estados UnidosFil: Humle, Tatyana. University Of Kent; Reino UnidoFil: Ibáñez Ulargui, Carlos. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Estación Biológica de Doñana; EspañaFil: Jackson, Stephen M.. Australian Museum; AustraliaFil: Janecka, Mary. University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown; Estados Unidos. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Jenkins, Paula. Natural History Museum; Reino UnidoFil: Juste, Javier. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Estación Biológica de Doñana; EspañaFil: Leite, Yuri L. R.. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; BrasilFil: Novaes, Roberto Leonan M.. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Lim, Burton K.. Royal Ontario Museum; CanadáFil: Maisels, Fiona G.. Wildlife Conservation Society; Estados UnidosFil: Mares, Michael A.. Oklahoma State University; Estados UnidosFil: Marsh, Helene. James Cook University; AustraliaFil: Mattioli, Stefano. Università degli Studi di Siena; ItaliaFil: Morton, F. Blake. University of Hull; Reino UnidoFil: Ojeda, Agustina Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas; ArgentinaFil: Ordóñez Garza, Nicté. Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad; EcuadorFil: Pardiñas, Ulises Francisco J.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral; ArgentinaFil: Pavan, Mariana. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Riley, Erin P.. San Diego State University; Estados UnidosFil: Rubenstein, Daniel I.. University of Princeton; Estados UnidosFil: Ruelas, Dennisse. Museo de Historia Natural, Lima; PerúFil: Schai-Braun, Stéphanie. Universitat Fur Bodenkultur Wien; AustriaFil: Schank, Cody J.. University of Texas at Austin; Estados UnidosFil: Shenbrot, Georgy. Ben Gurion University of the Negev; IsraelFil: Solari, Sergio. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: Superina, Mariella. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo; ArgentinaFil: Tsang, Susan. American Museum of Natural History; Estados UnidosFil: Van Cakenberghe, Victor. Universiteit Antwerp; BélgicaFil: Veron, Geraldine. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; FranciaFil: Wallis, Janette. Kasokwa-kityedo Forest Project; UgandaFil: Whittaker, Danielle. Michigan State University; Estados UnidosFil: Wells, Rod. Flinders University.; AustraliaFil: Wittemyer, George. State University of Colorado - Fort Collins; Estados UnidosFil: Woinarski, John. Charles Darwin University; AustraliaFil: Upham, Nathan S.. University of Yale; Estados UnidosFil: Jetz, Walter. University of Yale; Estados Unido