Newest diabetes related technologies for pediatric type 1 diabetes and its impact on routine care : a narrative synthesis of the literature

Purpose of Review This review aims to address the actual state of the most advanced diabetes devices, as follows: continuous subcutaneous insulin infusions (CSII), continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGM), hybrid-closed loop (HCL) systems, and “Do-it-yourself” Artifcial Pancreas Systems (DIYAPS) in children, adolescents, and young adults. This review has also the objective to assess the use of telemedicine for diabetes care across three diferent areas: education, social media, and daily care. Recent Findings Recent advances in diabetes technology after integration of CSII with CGM have increased the popularity of this treatment modality in pediatric age and shifted the standard diabetes management in many countries. We found an impressive transition from the use of CSII and/or CGM only to integrative devices with automated delivery systems. Although much has changed over the past 5 years, including a pandemic period that precipitated a broader use of telemedicine in diabetes care, some advances in technology may still be an additional burden of care for providers, patients, and caregivers. The extent of a higher rate of “auto-mode” use in diabetes devices while using the HCL/DIYAPS is essential to reduce the burden of diabetes treatment. Summary More studies including higher-risk populations are needed, and eforts should be taken to ensure proper access to cost-efective advanced technology on diabetes care

Prediction equations for fat and fat-free body mass in adolescents, based on body circumferences

Fat mass (FM) and fat-free body mass (FFB) are important parameters for assessing nutritional status, since they are associated with higher prevalence of excess body fat and malnutrition worldwide. To develop prediction equations for fat and fat-free body mass in adolescents using body circumferences. This cross-sectional study included 218 adolescents (10-16 years) with normal weight as defined by body mass index. FM(Pred) and FFB(Pred) were estimated using stepwise multiple linear regression, considering age and body circumferences. Response variables, FM(BIA) and FFB(BIA) were estimated using bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA). The accuracy of the prediction equations was evaluated using the coefficient of determination (R(2)) and Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC). The best prediction equations for males were FM(Pred) = -7.114 - 0.592(age) - 0.958(wrist)+0.191(hip)+0.295(abdomen); R(2) = 0.552; AIC = 416.04 and FFB(Pred) = - 52.180+1.913(age)+1.954(wrist)+1.635(forearm); R(2) = 0.869; AIC = 578.24. For females, the best equations were FM(Pred) = -17.580 - 0.678(wrist)+0.221(abdomen)+0.241(hip)+0.202(proximal thigh) - 0.228(calf); R(2) = 0.838; AIC = 415.36 and FFB(Pred) = -31.066+0.90(age)+1.090(wrist) - 0.139(abdomen)+0.326(hip)+0.632(calf); R(2) = 0.878; AIC = 512.48. The equations developed to estimate fat body mass in females and fat-free body mass in both genders had high adjusted coefficients of determination and are therefore preferable to those derived using BIA

Eficácia da educação no manejo do diabetes mellitus tipo 1 realizado por cuidadores de crianças

Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of health education in the management of type 1 diabetes mellitus provided by caregivers of children . Methods: This is a descriptive study with cross- cut and quantitative approach. We used the instruments: Knowledge Quiz Diabetes Mellitus and Self-efficacy Scale in Diabetes Management, adapted and validated in Brazil. Results: About knowledge of caregivers, 72% had a satisfactory score. Most of them can perform the treatment (80%), and 24% do not trust the skill; 72% of respondents can recognize hyperglycemia and 96% can recognize hypoglycemia; 80% apply the correct technique of insulin administration; 80% manage to keep the recommended diet. However, 16% said they did not know to replace correctly. Conclusion: The majority of caregivers of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus have good knowledge about the disease, and disease management performed by these caregivers is satisfactory in general. However, there is a need to intervene in some ways, changing attitudes to cope more adequately with the disease, as well as improving the effectiveness of diabetes education.Objetivo: Analizar la eficacia de la educación para la salud en el tratamiento de diabetes mellitus tipo 1 proporcionado por los cuidadores de niños . Métodos: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo con corte transversal y un enfoque cuantitativo. Utilizamos los instrumentos: Examen de Conocimiento Diabetes Mellitus y escala de autoeficacia en Gestión de la Diabetes, adaptado y validado en Brasil. Resultados: En relación con el conocimiento de los cuidadores, el 72% tenía una puntuación satisfactoria . La mayoría consigue realizar el tratamiento ( 80 % ) y el 24% no confía en su habilidad; 72% de los encuestados pueden reconocer la hiperglucemia y el 96% , la hipoglucemia; 80% aplica la técnica correcta de la administración de insulina; 80% logran mantener la dieta recomendada, sin embargo, el 16% dijo que no sabía reemplazarla correctamente. Conclusión: La mayoría de los cuidadores de niños con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 tiene buen conocimiento sobre la enfermedad, y la gestión de la enfermedad realizada por estos cuidadores es satisfactoria en general, sin embargo, hay una necesidad de intervenir de alguna manera, cambiar actitudes para hacer frente de manera más adecuada a la enfermedad , así como también la mejora de la eficacia de la educación en diabetes .Objetivo: Analisar a eficácia da educação em saúde no manejo do Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 realizado por cuidadores de crianças. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com recorte transversal e abordagem quantitativa. Utilizaram-se os instrumentos: Questionário de Conhecimento do Diabetes Mellitus e Escala de Autoeficácia no Manejo do Diabetes, adaptados e validados no Brasil. Resultados: Em relação ao conhecimento dos cuidadores, 72% obtiveram escore satisfatório. A maioria consegue realizar o tratamento (80%) e 24% não confia na sua habilidade; 72% dos entrevistados conseguem reconhecer a hiperglicemia e 96%, a hipoglicemia; 80% aplicam a técnica correta de administração da insulina; 80% conseguem manter a dieta recomendada, no entanto 16% afirmaram que não sabiam substituir corretamente. Conclusão: a maioria dos cuidadores de crianças com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 possuem bom conhecimento sobre a doença, e o manejo da doença realizado por esses  cuidadores é satisfatório de um modo geral, no entanto há a necessidade de intervenção em alguns aspectos, modificação de atitudes para enfrentamento mais adequado da doença, como também a melhoria da eficácia da educação em diabetes

Contribuição das características antropométricas na predição dos estádios de maturação puberal de jovens do sexo masculino

ResumoObjetivoIdentificar a contribuição de variáveis antropométricas para a predição do estádio maturacional em jovens do sexo masculino.MétodosEstudo transversal, sendo investigados 190 sujeitos do sexo masculino, com idades entre 8 e 18 anos, selecionados aleatoriamente em escolas públicas e privadas de Natal. Foram selecionadas 32 variáveis antropométricas, todas avaliadas de acordo com as recomendações da International Society for the Advancement of Kineanthropometry (ISAK). A avaliação da maturação sexual se baseou na observação de dois especialistas experientes, que identificaram o desenvolvimento da genitália, segundo as recomendações propostas por Tanner (1962).ResultadosAs variáveis antropométricas apresentaram um aumento significativo no decorrer do avanço do desenvolvimento puberal (p<0,05). As variáveis de altura troncocefálica, diâmetro biepicôndilo femural, perímetro de antebraço, dobra cutânea de tríceps, alturas ósseas tibial e acrômio-radial apresentaram a melhor relação para predição dos grupos maturacionais, sendo responsáveis por estimar os estádios puberais com índice de 76,3% de chance de acerto.ConclusãoAs características antropométricas apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os momentos dos estádios maturacionais, sendo encontradas, de forma representativa, sete variáveis que melhor predizem os estádios de maturação sexual.AbstractObjectiveTo identify the contribution of anthropometric variables to predict the maturational stage in young males.MethodsCross-sectional study that enrolled 190 male subjects aged between eight and 18 years, randomly selected from public and private schools in Natal, Northeast Brazil. Thirty-two anthropometric variables were measured following the recommendations of the International Society for the Advancement of Kineanthropometry (ISAK). The assessment of sexual maturation was based on the observation of two experienced experts, who identified the pubertal development according to Tanner guidelines (1962).ResultsThe anthropometric variables showed a significant increase of their values during the advancement of pubertal development (p<0.05). The following variables showed the best value for prediction of maturational groups: sitting height, femoral biepicondylar diameter, forearm girth, triceps skinfold, tibiale laterale and acromiale-radiale bone lenghts. These variables were able to estimate the pubertal stages in 76.3% of the sujects.ConclusionThe anthropometric characteristics showed significant differences between the moments of maturational stages, being found, representatively, seven variables that best predict the stages of sexual maturation

LH and SFH show abnormal patterns of response to the GnRH teste in type 1 diabetic women with and without menstrual irregularities

BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertaçõe

Avaliação do desenvolvimento pubertário masculino normal através da correlação entre dados clínicos antropométricos e laboratoriais como o hormônio luteinizante, a testosterona e o antígeno prostático específico

BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertaçõe

Education effectiveness in diabetes mellitus type 1 management made by children of caregivers

Objetivo: Analizar la eficacia de la educación para la salud en el tratamiento de diabetes mellitus tipo 1 proporcionado por los cuidadores de niños . Métodos: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo con corte transversal y un enfoque cuantitativo. Utilizamos los instrumentos: Examen de Conocimiento Diabetes Mellitus y escala de autoeficacia en Gestión de la Diabetes, adaptado y validado en Brasil. Resultados: En relación con el conocimiento de los cuidadores, el 72% tenía una puntuación satisfactoria . La mayoría consigue realizar el tratamiento ( 80 % ) y el 24% no confía en su habilidad; 72% de los encuestados pueden reconocer la hiperglucemia y el 96% , la hipoglucemia; 80% aplica la técnica correcta de la administración de insulina; 80% logran mantener la dieta recomendada, sin embargo, el 16% dijo que no sabía reemplazarla correctamente. Conclusión: La mayoría de los cuidadores de niños con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 tiene buen conocimiento sobre la enfermedad, y la gestión de la enfermedad realizada por estos cuidadores es satisfactoria en general, sin embargo, hay una necesidad de intervenir de alguna manera, cambiar actitudes para hacer frente de manera más adecuada a la enfermedad , así como también la mejora de la eficacia de la educación en diabetes .RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a eficácia da educação em saúde no manejo do Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 realizado por cuidadores de crianças. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com recorte transversal e abordagem quantitativa. Utilizaram-se os instrumentos: Questionário de Conhecimento do Diabetes Mellitus e Escala de Autoeficácia no Manejo do Diabetes, adaptados e validados no Brasil. Resultados: Em relação ao conhecimento dos cuidadores, 72% obtiveram escore satisfatório. A maioria consegue realizar o tratamento (80%) e 24% não confia na sua habilidade; 72% dos entrevistados conseguem reconhecer a hiperglicemia e 96%, a hipoglicemia; 80% aplicam a técnica correta de administração da insulina; 80% conseguem manter a dieta recomendada, no entanto 16% afirmaram que não sabiam substituir corretamente. Conclusão: a maioria dos cuidadores de crianças com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 possuem bom conhecimento sobre a doença, e o manejo da doença realizado por esses cuidadores é satisfatório de um modo geral, no entanto há a necessidade de intervenção em alguns aspectos, modificação de atitudes para enfrentamento mais adequado da doença, como também a melhoria da eficácia da educação em diabetes.ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of health education in the management of type 1 diabetes mellitus provided by caregivers of children . Methods: This is a descriptive study with cross- cut and quantitative approach. We used the instruments: Knowledge Quiz Diabetes Mellitus and Self-efficacy Scale in Diabetes Management, adapted and validated in Brazil. Results: About knowledge of caregivers, 72% had a satisfactory score. Most of them can perform the treatment (80%), and 24% do not trust the skill; 72% of respondents can recognize hyperglycemia and 96% can recognize hypoglycemia; 80% apply the correct technique of insulin administration; 80% manage to keep the recommended diet. However, 16% said they did not know to replace correctly. Conclusion: The majority of caregivers of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus have good knowledge about the disease, and disease management performed by these caregivers is satisfactory in general. However, there is a need to intervene in some ways, changing attitudes to cope more adequately with the disease, as well as improving the effectiveness of diabetes education

Instruments for evaluation of motivations for weight loss in individuals with overweight and obesity: A systematic review and narrative synthesis.

This systematic review aims to identify instruments used to assess motivations for weight loss in individuals with overweight and obesity from different age groups, such as children, adolescents, adults, and older adults. The virtual search was carried out using the PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, and ADOLEC databases, and by manual search. The following descriptors were used: questionnaire, scale, instrument, evaluation, motivation, motive, reason, "lose weight," "losing weight," "weight loss," and slimming. Methodological quality was assessed according to the criteria of the COSMIN checklist. The search yielded 3,524 results, seven of which were included in the review. Six questionnaires assessing motivations for weight loss, which could be applied to various age groups, were identified. All the questionnaires presented items related to appearance and health as the main motivation for weight loss. In addition to these motivations, the questionnaires also included items related to improved sports performance, self-confidence, participation in important social events, family and social pressure, and fitting into different clothes. The most evaluated measurement properties in the studies were internal consistency, reliability, content validity, and construct validity. Regarding internal consistency, one was rated as excellent, one as fair, and three as poor. For reliability, two were rated as being of fair quality, and one as of poor quality. Two studies analyzed the content validity and the questionnaires were rated as being of poor methodological quality. Regarding structural validity, one was rated as excellent, another as fair, and another as poor quality. Only the Weight Loss Motivation Questionnaire presented excellent methodological quality for most of the analyzed criteria. There is a need to develop questionnaires that are of better methodological quality to assess motivations for weight loss. Instruments targeting the adolescent population should also be developed

Motivations for weight loss in adolescents with overweight and obesity: a systematic review

Abstract Background Adolescents with overweight and obesity report various motivations for weight loss other than the desire for better health. However, there is little evidence regarding the main motivations for weight loss in adolescents. The present systematic review aimed to identify the motivations for weight loss in adolescents with overweight and obesity. Methods A systematic search for original articles published up to December 2016 was carried out in the PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, and ADOLEC databases. The terms used in the search were: motivation, motive, reason, “weight loss,” “lose weight,” and adolescent. Results Six studies (all cross-sectional) met the selection criteria and were included in the review. The instruments used to assess the participants’ motivations for weight loss were interviews and questionnaires with open questions. Seventeen motivations for weight loss were identified, the main ones being better health, esthetic/cosmetic reasons, improvements in self-esteem, and avoidance of provocation/bullying. Conclusions The results of the present review show the need for validated instruments to assess the motivations for weight loss in adolescents with overweight and obesity. Moreover, the high frequency of motivations for weight loss related to appearance and social acceptance evidences the need for multidisciplinary weight loss interventions that consider not only the biological factors, but also the psychological and social aspects