La biomecánica en terapia ocupacional

La ocupación es una actividad propositiva que desde los tiempos más remotos ha influido en la evolución humana determinando la organización de su tiempo vital. También a lo largo de la historia de la Medicina ha sido utilizada como forma de tratamiento, en la actualidad denominada Terapia Ocupacional. Desde 1917 ha desarrollado una serie de protocolos de actuación en consonancia con el paradigma predominante. Entre ellos se encuentra el Modelo Biomecánico con una vigencia de unos 50 años, aplicable en situaciones disfuncionales de origen ortopédico con integridad del SNC. Este trabajo recoge la ponencia presentada en el XXX Congreso de la SIBB a propuesta del Comité Organizador del mismo y en él se estudia la relación histórica y epistemológica entre la Biomecánica y la Terapia Ocupacional.The occupation is a propositive activity that from the most remote times has influenced in the human evolution determining the organization of its vital time. Also throughout history of Medicine treatment form has been used as, at the denominated present time Occupational Therapy. From 1917 it has developed a series of protocols of performance in consonancia with the predominant paradigm. Among them is the Biomechanic Model with a use of about 50 years, applicable in orthopaedic/ disfunctional situations of orthopaedic origin with integrity of the SNC. This work gathers the communication presented in the XXX Congress of the SIBB to proposal of the Organizing Committee of the same one. In this paper the historical and epistemologic relation between Biomechanics and the Occupational Therapy studies.Peer Reviewe

Metodología básica de investigación a través del Campus Virtual

Dado el intrínseco carácter científico de las carreras de ciencias de la salud, la investigación resulta fundamental para la formación y práctica profesional. La asignatura de Libre Configuración «Metodología Básica de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud» pretende sentar las bases sobre aspectos como los tipos de estudios científicos, el planteamiento de hipótesis o la bibliografía. El alumno pone en práctica los conocimientos adquiridos mediante la realización de un trabajo tutorizado de investigación que presenta en un evento de investigación de pregrado. El desarrollo de este proceso mediante el Campus Virtual demuestra cómo las nuevas tecnologías pueden ayudar a esta labor

Latin American Anatomists’ views on human body dissection and donation

Background Studies abound regarding the medical students' views on the importance of anatomy and the dissection of human bodies, but little is known about the views of Latin American Anatomists. Methods A survey was carried out to test several hypotheses among anatomists of the Americas about how they perceive their professional identity, the use and role of dissection in their undergraduate courses, and the approval degree of bequeathing their body for anatomical teaching/research; another goal was ascertaining to what extent their attitude on these topics depended on gender, length of teaching experience and belief in the afterlife. Results One hundred and forty-five anatomists from thirteen Latin American and Caribbean Countries took the survey; 79% stated the main role of an anatomist is teaching; 34% recorded their undergraduate students dissected human cadavers as part of their anatomy lab course—undergraduates dissecting less in the less experienced anatomists’ courses (p = 0.0002). Most anatomists said dissection was a training tool for undergraduate students, a tool for developing professional skills, and a tool to help control emotions—most experienced anatomists stood out from the rest saying dissection is only to teach anatomy (p < 0.001), even if such response was the least valued by them among all replies. Men differed from women in valuing dissection as a tool to help control emotions (p = 0.006); less experienced anatomists held the opposite (p < 0.0001). Approval of a close doctor-patient relationship diverged, being different between the most and the least experienced anatomists (p = 0.01). Anatomists said they would donate only their organs (44%), whole body (9%) and both organs and body (46%). Undecided anatomists about the belief in life after death were the least in favor of donation (p = 0.05)

Study of the functional relationships between the buccinator muscle and the connective tissue of the cheek in humans

Background: The buccinator muscle derives from the mesenchyme of the second pharyngeal arch. In adults, it has a quadrilateral shape, occupying the deepest part of the cheek region. Its function is complex, being active during swallowing, chewing, and sucking. To our knowledge, there are no studies that have specifically analyzed the relationship of the buccinator muscle fibers and neighboring connective tissue of the cheek in humans, neither during development nor in adults. Such relationships are fundamental to understand its function. Thus, in this study the relations of the buccinator muscle with associated connective tissue were investigated. Methods: The buccinator muscle region was investigated bilaterally in 41 human specimens of 8–17 weeks of development. Moreover, four complete adult tissue blocks from human cadavers (including mucosa and skin) were obtained from the cheek region (between the anterior border of the masseter muscle and the nasolabial fold). All samples were processed with standard histological techniques. In addition, subsets of sections were stained with picrosirius red (PSR). Furthermore, immunoreactivity against type I and III collagen was also studied in adult tissues. Results: The buccinator muscle showed direct relationships with its connective tissue from 8 to 17 weeks of development. Collagen fibers were arranged in septa from the submucosa to the skin through the muscle. These septa were positive for type I collagen and presented elastic fibers. Fibrous septa that were positive for type III collagen were arranged from the lateral side of the muscle to the skin. Conclusions: The intimate relationship between buccinator muscle fibers and cheek connective tissue may explain the complex functions of this muscle

Functional hypothesis of the juxtaoral organ: Role of collagen types I and III

CRUE-CSIC (Acuerdos Transformativos 2021)Depto. de Anatomía y EmbriologíaFac. de MedicinaTRUEUniversidad Complutense de Madrid/Banco de Santanderpu

The attitudes of European medical students towards the clinical importance of neuroanatomy

The attitudes of medical students towards the clinical importance of neuroanatomy have been little studied. Because it has been reported that medical students find neuroanatomy difficult and can have ‘neurophobia’, here we test the hypothesis that early-stage medical students across Europe have a low regard for neuroanatomy’s clinical relevance. The work was conducted under the auspices of the Trans-European Pedagogic Research Group (TEPARG), with just over 1500 students from 12 European medical schools providing responses to a survey (52% response rate) that assessed their attitudes using Thurstone and Chave methodologies. Regardless of the university surveyed, and of the teaching methods employed for neuroanatomy, our findings were not consistent with our hypothesis. However, the students had a less favourable opinion of neuroanatomy’s importance compared to gross anatomy; although their attitudes were more positive than previously reported for histology and embryology. The extent to which neuroanatomy plays a significant role in the early years of medical education is moot. Nevertheless, we conclude that in addition to newly recruited medical students being informed of the subject’s role in a healthcare profession, we advocate the use of modern imaging technologies to enhance student understanding and motivation and cognisance of the core syllabus for the subject being developed by the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA)

Desarrollo de un sistema interactivo para el estudio de la órbita y su contenido: anatomía microscópica

Se ha desarrollado un sistema interactivo para mejorar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la docencia de la anatomía microscópica de la órbita y su contenido, a través de preparaciones histológicas. Se pretende facilitar el aprendizaje de forma autónoma en español e inglés y, la autoevaluación sobre los conocimientos adquiridos

Relationship of creative projects in anatomy to medical student professionalism, test performance and stress: an exploratory study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The anatomy course offers important opportunities to develop professionalism at an early stage in medical education. It is an academically significant course that also engenders stress in some students.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Over a three-year period, 115 of 297 students completed creative projects. Thirty-four project completers and 47 non-completers consented to participate in the study. Projects were analyzed for professionalism themes using grounded theory. A subset of project completers and non-completers were interviewed to determine their views about the stress of anatomy and medical school, as well as the value of the creative projects. We also compared test performance of project completers and non-completers.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Projects completed early in the course often expressed ambivalence about anatomy, whereas later projects showed more gratitude and sense of awe. Project completers tended to report greater stress than noncompleters, but stated that doing projects reduced stress and caused them to develop a richer appreciation for anatomy and medicine. Project completers performed significantly lower than non-completers on the first written exam (pre-project). Differences between groups on individual exams after both the first and second creative project were nonsignificant.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>For some students, creative projects may offer a useful way of reflecting on various aspects of professionalism while helping them to manage stress.</p

Desarrollo de un sistema interactivo para el estudio de la órbita y su contenido: anatomía macroscópica

En este proyecto se ha desarrollado un sistema interactivo para mejorar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la docencia de la anatomía macroscópica de la órbita y su contenido por medio de preparaciones anatómicas. Se pretende facilitar el aprendizaje de forma autónoma en español e inglés y, la autoevaluación sobre los conocimientos adquiridos.Unidad Docente de Anatomía y EmbriologíaFac. de Óptica y OptometríaFALSEsubmitte