Morphologie, croissance, reproduction vegetative de l'epicea (Picea abies (L.) Karsten) dans une zone de combat subalpine (massif du Taillefer; Alpes dauphinoise)

CNRS T 59491 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueSIGLEFRFranc

Les groupements vegetaux indicateurs de sensibilite, applications aux etudes d'impact en montagne

Phytosociologie et conservation de la natureNational audienc

From industrial black liquor to pure phenolic compounds: A combination of catalytic conversion with ionic liquids extraction

CAPLUS AN 2015:1375378(Journal; Online Computer File)The conversion, in a sustainable way, of paper industry wastes such as black liquor into value-added mols. is still challenging. Herein, a direct catalytic conversion of black liquor into an aq. soln. has been achieved at moderate temp. and pressure (<250 °C, 2 MPa). For this purpose, a multimetallic catalyst (Pd0.5/Ni1Cu1-Mg30AlOx) has been synthesized and fully characterized. In presence of this material, a carbon-based conversion of 12 wt.% has been obtained. The final liq. is composed of value-added phenolic compds. (i.e., guaiacol, creosol...) and the reaction can be afforded up to five cycles without deactivation. The green chem. concept consists of extg. these compds. without the use of volatile solvent and in safe operating conditions. For these reasons, the use of hydrophobic ionic liqs. for the liq.-liq. extn. of these phenols has been investigated. The influences of the side chains of sym. and asym. imidazolium-NTf2 as well as operational conditions (stirring rate and temp.) have been studied. As a result, [C1C6Im][NTf2] has been found to be efficient in one-step total extn. phenolic components contained in the soln. issued from the catalytic conversion of black liquor. This study showed that the catalytic hydropyrolysis of black liquor could be considered as an alternative source of phenolic compds. to conventional fossil resources. [on SciFinder(R)

Synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles in ionic liquids: Chemical routes vs physical vapor deposition

+MAOTo meet the constant challenges of miniaturization in the microelectronics industry, new innovative pathways must be explored to produce nano-objects. Ionic liquids (ILs) can be used to generate and stabilize metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) by several physical and chemical routes. Here, the simultaneous decomposition of Ru and Cu organometallic precursors in IL is shown to yield core-shell Ru@CuNPs with smaller diameters and narrower size distributions than the corresponding monometallic NPs, in a broad range of Ru:Cu compositions. They are probably formed by rapid nucleation of Ru cores followed by decomposition of the Cu precursor on their surface. This effect forces the formation of a bimetallic structure that does not form with the use of purely physical processes such as PVD. These Cu, Ru, and Ru@CuNPs could be used for the formation of seed and barrier layers for the metallization of advanced interconnect structures. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Bimetallic Ru-Cu Nanoparticles Synthesized in Ionic Liquids: Kinetically Controlled Size and Structure

MATERIAUX:SURFACES+MAO:LMA:JROWe report a new synthesis of size-controlled bimetallic Ru-Cu nanoparticles (NPs) in ionic liquids using two organometallic precursors. Interestingly enough, upon mixing ruthenium and copper precursors, smaller bimetallic NPs (1.9-2.8 nm) are formed as compared to single metals (Cu: 5 nm; Ru: 4 nm) in a large range of copper molar fractions (chi(Cu) = 0.005-0.91). Surface and microscopy techniques evidence that NPs have metallic copper on the surface and crystalline hexagonal close-packed metallic ruthenium core. This structure is further assessed by the catalytic activity of the bimetallic NPs, showing that conversion of benzene in cyclohexane is reduced with increasing chi(Cu)

Legionella pneumophila sequence type 1/Paris pulsotype subtyping by spoligotyping.

International audienceEndemic strains of Legionella pneumophila sequence type 1 (ST1), in particular the ST1/Paris pulsotype, are dispersed worldwide and represent about 10% of culture-proven clinical cases of Legionnaires' disease in France. The high rate of isolation of this strain from both clinical and environmental samples makes identification of the source of infection difficult during epidemiological investigations. The full-length genome sequence of this strain was recently determined, and it revealed the presence of a CRISPR/cas complex. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a spoligotyping tool based on the diversity of this CRISPR locus that would allow the accurate subtyping of the L. pneumophila serogroup 1 ST1/Paris pulsotype. The CRISPR loci of 28 L. pneumophila ST1/Paris pulsotype isolates were sequenced, and 42 different spacers regions were characterized. A membrane-based spoligotyping method was developed and used to determine the subtypes of 406 L. pneumophila isolates, including 233 with the ST1/Paris pulsotype profile that were collected in France from 2000 to 2011. A total of 46 different spoligotypes were detected, and 41 of these were specifically identified in the ST1/Paris pulsotype isolates. In 27 of 33 epidemiological investigations, the environmental source of contamination was confirmed by comparing spoligotypes of clinical isolates with those of environmental isolates. With an index of discrimination of 79.72% (95% confidence interval, 75.82 to 83.63), spoligotyping of the L. pneumophila ST1/Paris pulsotype has the potential to be a useful complementary genotyping tool for discriminating isolates with undistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and ST genotypes, which could help to identify environmental sources of infection

Cu Nanoparticles on TiN by Electroless Deposition: Surface-Mediated Diameter Control and Application to Si Nanowires Growth

International audienceCu Nanoparticles on TiN coated silicon substrates were prepared from well‐defined molecular precursors [CuOtBu]4 in non‐aqueous solutions. The formation of nanoparticles takes place via galvanic displacement and allows for the formation of narrowly distributed Cu nanoparticles with controlled size ranging from 8 to 35 nm through the control of the oxidation state of the TiN surface. The activity of these nanoparticles arrays in low temperature Si nanowires growth by the vapor‐solid‐solid mechanism was also investigated and larger Cu nanoparticles were found to yield higher Si nanowires density