THE STUDY OF FREE RADICALS TO EVALUATE THE HEALING EFFECTS OF PUNICA GRANATUM PEEL ON ACETIC ACID-INDUCED COLITIS IN RATS

Objective: The objective of the study was to analyze the effect of 50% ethanolic extract of the dried Punica granatum peel (PGE) on the healing of acetic acid-induced colitis in rats. Methods: Colitis was induced in rats using 50% acetic acid and then PGE extract was administered by oral route daily for 14 days to those rats. Optimal healing was observed by the administration of a 100 mg/kg dose of PGE extract. Effectiveness of the above-mentioned dosage of PGE on biochemical parameters, basically free radicals – nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation was studied on 18 hours fasting rats on the 15th day of the experiment. Results: The results were suggestive of the healing properties of PGE extract by reduction of the inflammation and mucosal damage in the colon of those rats. The healing effects were established by the estimation and study of free radicals taken from the mucosal samples of the rat’s colon. The safety of extract was established by the effective administration of 10 times the therapeutic dose, that is, 1000 mg/kg dosage of the PGE extract with no noticeable adverse effects or side effects related to ANS or central nervous system. Conclusion: PGE extract was found to be effective in healing mucosal damage due to colitis by controlling the infection and reducing the inflammation

Inter-hospital transfer of referred trauma patients admitted to the trauma centre of King George Medical University

Background: Inter-hospital transfer is a common in trauma victims due to paucity of super-specialty care, lack of specialty beds, and lack of funding. The government of Uttar Pradesh introduced Emergency Medical Response system (EMRS). There is a need to audit and evaluate the transfer process since the introduction of the service. The objectives of this study were to identify critical gaps in the transfer of trauma patients and secondary over triage to the trauma centre of KGMU.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted on trauma victims referred to the trauma centre. Patients were evaluated for clinical status, Injury Severity Score, protective patient devices present, type of intravenous fluid infusion, mode of transport, and level of referring hospital. Transfer records, transport vehicles and accompanying personal were evaluated.Results: Of the 342 patients enrolled in the study, 91 had a GCS score <8 and 112(32.74%) had a diastolic BP <60 mm Hg at arrival. Twenty patients (5.8%) were referred from tertiary care centers, 74(21.6%) were referred from district hospitals, 136(39.76%) were referred from primary care centers and 112(32.74%) were referred from private hospitals. Date and time of injury was not recorded in any of the patients. Referral time was recorded in 48(14.03%) patients. One hundred seventy-six patients (51.14%) were transferred in EMRS ambulances, 102(29.82%) patients met the criteria for secondary over triage.Conclusions: There is a need to adopt and strictly implement guidelines for transfer of trauma victims to plug the critical gaps in the transfer process

THE STUDY OF ANTIOXIDANTS TO EVALUATE THE HEALING EFFECTS OF PUNICA GRANATUM PEEL ON ACETIC ACID-INDUCED COLITIS IN CHARLES-FOSTER ALBINO RATS

Objective: The study aims to analyze the effect of 50% ethanolic extract of the dried Punica granatum peel (PGE) on the healing of acetic- acid-induced colitis in rats. Methods: Colitis was induced in rats using 50% acetic acid and then PGE extract was administered by oral route daily for 14 days to those rats. Optimal healing was observed by the administration of a 100 mg/kg dose of PGE extract. Effectiveness of the above-mentioned dosage of PGE, biochemical parameters namely- antioxidants-superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione were studied on 18 h fasting rats on the 15th day of the experiment. Results: The results were suggestive of the healing properties of PGE extract by reduction of the inflammation and mucosal damage in the colon of those rats. The effect was established by the levels of antioxidants that indicate healing of the mucosal damage. The safety of extract was established by the effective administration of 10 times the therapeutic dose, that is, 1000 mg/kg dosage of the PGE extract with no noticeable adverse effects or side effects related to autonomic nervous system or central nervous system. Conclusion: PGE extract was found to be effective in healing mucosal damage due to colitis by controlling the infection and reducing the inflammation

Prevalence of lifestyle diseases among Hindu priests of Central India

Background: Major risk factors for lifestyle diseases are present with priest’s lifestyle. Daily responsibility of priests includes, sitting mostly for long working hours &amp; taking high calorie diet in form of Prasad. Predisposition to these may give rise to lifestyle diseases. Aim: To assess prevalence of lifestyle diseases (obesity &amp; hypertension) among Hindu priests Method: A cross-sectional study done. Total sample size was 440. Simple random sampling was done. A pre-tested and semi-structured questionnaire contained Physical activity level (GPPAQ) &amp; daily dietary calorie intake (24-hour recall). BMI &amp; BP was measured. Results: Mean systolic &amp; diastolic blood pressure of study participants were 131.25 ± 14.4 &amp; 88.16 ± 10.4 respectively. 149(33.9%) of study participant were normal, 127(28.9%) High Normal, 108(24.5%) Grade 1 Hypertension, 32 (7.3%) in Grade 2 Hypertension&amp; 24 (5.5%) were Optimal. Mean BMI of participants was 22.6 (SD ± 3.9). 277(63.0%) were normal, 88(20.0%) Pre-Obese, 47(10.7%) Underweight, 24(5.5% Obese Class I &amp; 4 (0.9%) with Obese Class II. 188(42.7%) of study participant were inactive, 104(23.6%) moderately active, 88(20.0%) moderately inactive &amp; 60(13.6) active. 224(50.9%) of study participant were having calorie intake over of recommended value, 176(40.0%) adequate intake &amp; 40(9.1%) were deficient in their daily calorie intake. Statistically significant association was seen between hypertension with Obesity &amp; Physical activity. Conclusion: Priests have an inactive lifestyle with high daily calorie intake which resulted in lifestyle diseases like obesity (6%) &amp; hypertension (32%). &nbsp; Key words: Priest, Obesity, Hypertension, level of physical activity, Ujjain

Diabetes-Driven Dilemma: Tackling The Rise of Melioidosis in India

Melioidosis is a potentially fatal infectious disease that requires an extended period of treatment for complete resolution of the infection. It can lead to chronic and severe infections, and it is more common in diabetic patients. Melioidosis is also a significant concern in India primarily because its chronic nature, potential for dissemination, extended treatment requirements, and the risk of relapse lead to its resemblance to tuberculosis. This case series included osteomyelitis patient presented in emergency with sepsis MODS, disseminated melioidosis patient with systemic involvement including spleen, kidney and lungs, skin abscess at more than one site, urosepsis, splenic abscess, Melioidotic arthritis. Many of these patients had altered blood sugar levels, and in 3 cases, individuals were even diagnosed with diabetes during their episode of melioidosis the treatment duration generally involved an 8-week course of intravenous antibiotics. However, oral medications may need to be continued for several months if necessary for complete recovery. &nbsp

Networked control system with MANET communication and AODV routing

The industries are presently exploring the use of wired and wireless systems for control, automation, and monitoring. The primary benefit of wireless technology is that it reduces the installation cost, in both money and labor terms, as companies already have a significant investment in wiring. The research article presents the work on the analysis of Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) in a wireless real-time communication medium for a Networked Control System (NCS), and determining whether the simulated behavior is significant for a plant or not. The behavior of the MANET is analyzed for Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing (AODV) that maintenances communication among 150 nodes for NCS. The simulation is carried out in Network Simulator (NS2) software with different nodes cluster to estimate the network throughput, end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio (PDR), and control overhead. The benefit of MANET is that it has a fixed topology, which permits flexibility since mobile devices may be used to construct ad-hoc networks anywhere, scalability because more nodes can be added to the network, and minimal operating expenses in that no original infrastructure needs to be developed. AODV routing is a flat routing system that does not require central routing nodes. As the network grows in size, the network can be scaled to meet the network design and configuration requirements. AODV is flexible to support different configurations and topological nodes in dynamic networks because of its versatility. The advantage of such network simulation and routing behavior provides the future direction for the researchers who are working towards the embedded hardware solutions for NCS, as the hardware complexity depends on the delay, throughput, and PDR

Major phenolic compounds, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities of Selinum carvifolia (L.) collected from different altitudes in India

Antibiotic resistance poses a serious threat to public health, raising the number of diseases in the community. Recent research has shown that plant-derived phenolic compounds have strong antimicrobial, antifungal, and cytotoxic properties against a variety of microorganisms and work as great antioxidants in such treatments. The goal of the current work is to evaluate the anticancerous, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity activities in the extracts of the different plant parts (leaves, stems, and roots) of S. carvifolia (L.) L. This is a medicinally important plant and has been used for different kinds of diseases and ailments such as hysteria and seizures. The phenolic compounds from the different plant parts were analyzed using HPLC and the following were found to be present: chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, rutin, syringic acid, vanillic acid, cinnamic acid, caffeic acid, and protocatechuic acid. Gallic acid was found to have the highest concentration (13.93 mg/g), while chlorogenic acid (0.25 mg/g) had the lowest. The maximum TPC value, which ranged from 33.79 to 57.95 mg GAE/g dry extract weight, was found in the stem. Root extract with 9.4 mg RE/g had the greatest TFC level. In the leaf and stem extracts, the RSC ranged from 0.747 mg/mL to 0.734 mg/1 mL GE/g dry extract weight, respectively. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was used to measure in vitro antioxidant activity. In a concentration-dependent way, promising antioxidant activity was reported. Moreover, 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNSA) and the Folin–Ciocalteu phenol reagent technique were used to determine reducing sugar content and total phenolic content, respectively. Antibacterial activity against eight strains (MIC: 250–1,000 μg/mL) was analyzed, and the stem extract exhibited maximum activity. Antifungal activity was also assessed, and potent activity was reported especially in the extract obtained from the stem. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using an MTT assay in the A549 cell line, where different doses (0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/mL) of leaf, root, and stem extracts were used. Treatment with these extracts reduced the cell viability, indicating that S. carvifolia may possess anticancer potential, which can be of great therapeutic value

Molecular surveillance of dengue virus in field-collected Aedes mosquitoes from Bhopal, central India: evidence of circulation of a new lineage of serotype 2

IntroductionDengue fever is hyperendemic in several Southeast and South Asian countries, including India, with all four serotypes (DENV 1–4) circulating at different periods and in different locations. Sustainable and improved virological and entomological surveillance is the only tool to prevent dengue and other vector-borne diseases.ObjectivesThe present study has been carried out to detect and characterize the circulating dengue virus (DENV) in field-collected Aedes mosquitoes in Bhopal, Central India.MethodsAedes mosquitoes were collected from 29 localities within Bhopal city during October 2020 to September 2022. DENV infection was assessed in the individual head and thorax regions of Aedes mosquitoes using reverse transcriptase PCR. Positive samples were sequenced, and the circulating serotypes and genotypes were determined using phylogenetic analysis.ResultsDENV RNA was detected in 7 Aedes aegypti and 1 Aedes albopictus, with infection rates of 0.59 and 0.14%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed all the isolates belonged to DENV serotype 2 and distinctly clustered with the non-Indian lineage (cosmopolitan genotype 4a), which was not recorded from the study area earlier. The time to most common recent ancestor (TMRCA) of these sequences was 7.4 years old, with the highest posterior density (HPD) of 3.5–12.2 years, indicating that this new lineage emerged during the year 2014. This is the first report on the DENV incrimination in both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes collected from Bhopal, Central India.ConclusionThe observed emergence of the non-Indian lineage of DENV-2 in Bhopal, which again is a first report from the area, coincides with the gradual increase in DENV cases in Bhopal since 2014. This study emphasizes the importance of DENV surveillance and risk assessment in this strategically important part of the country to decipher its outbreak and severe disease-causing potential