Dynamic holographic storage in lithium niobate

A program was undertaken to improve the optical recording properties of LiNbO3 for holographic optical memory application. Iron, copper, and manganese doping were all found to increase the optical sensitivity of LiNbO3. Over two orders of magnitude improvement was obtained, resulting in an exposure of 366 wirojoule/sq mm to obtain 1% efficiency in LiNbO3:Fe. High :Fe. High quality pictorial information was stored in 1mm diameter holograms

A new optical recording medium

Method has been developed for doping lithium niobiate crystals with transition metal to increase rate at which crystal can record optical data. Discovery may facilitate development of system for analog storage of TV frames, printed pages, photographs, and other visual information

The Mental Health Provider Privilege in the \u3ci\u3eWake of Jaffe v. Redmond\u3c/i\u3e

Many of the revisions to article V of the Uniform Rules of Evidence involved stylistic, nonsubstantive changes. In particular, all language was made gender neutral. The most substantial revision was to Rule 503, formerly titled Physician and Psychotherapist-Patient Privilege. This revision broadened the scope of the privilege to include a general mental health provider privilege, in accord with the trend in the states and the U.S. Supreme Court\u27s decision in Jaffee v. Redmond. In Jaffee, the Court recognized for the first time a federal psychotherapist-patient privilege and extended the privilege to confidential communications with a licensed social worker in the course of psychotherapy. In addition, most of the states have adopted some form of a licensed social worker privilege. This privilege usually is not a subpart of the psychotherapist or physician privilege Since the states do not uniformly define the type of provider whom the privilege covers, Uniform Rule 503 provides flexible definitions and a general mental health provider privilege in order to subsume the range of privileges offered by the states. In addition to expanding the privilege itself, Rule 503 was amended to provide five additional exclusions to the privilege

Conflict of Interest

The purpose of this article is to indicate situations in which conflict of interest problems most commonly arise and to suggest principles for avoiding such situations or resolving unavoidable conflicts. Part One presents an overview of the subject, with a discussion of general principles underlying conflict of interest problems. Part Two applies these general\u27 principles to a number of frequently encountered problem areas. Throughout the discussion, the author approaches problem situations with a cautious eye. Not every court or grievance committee would impose discipline or invalidate a transaction for all the conflicts scrutinized herein; nevertheless, the possibility of such measures necessitates extreme care

Introduction: The Bounds of Advocacy

I was asked, as Reporter for the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers\u27 Bounds of Advocacy, to provide an Introduction to the substantive issues discussed by members of the Committee in succeeding articles. This article will therefore set the stage by indicating the need for the Bounds of Advocacy, the charge to the Committee, the process by which the Standards and Comments were drafted, re-drafted, and then re-drafted again, and the appropriate scope, purpose and use of the Standards and Comments

Professional Responsibility: Education and Enforcement

The fallout from the Watergate scandals has had a profound effect upon the legal profession because many of the prominent offenders were attorneys. The severity of the conduct involved and the suspicion that the activities publicized represent merely the tip of the iceberg have caused the American Bar Association, state and local bar committees, and law schools to seek new ways of educating prospective lawyers with respect to their ethical duties, and to seek more effective sanctions against ethically deficient attorneys. It is ironic, however, that increased awareness and activity in the area of legal ethics should be motivated by Watergate, because no course in ethics, no better program of discipline, no keener awareness of moral issues would have succeeded in altering the conduct of the principle offenders where the criminal laws and their personal moral values failed to deter their activities. Nevertheless, the impetus to re-examine approaches to the teaching of professional responsibility and re-evaluate the principles and objectives of the governing rules of legal ethics should not be lost, for the legal profession\u27s record in the education and enforcement of professional responsibility has been unsatisfactory