Ciudad educadora: didáctica del patrimonio cultural de los derechos humanos desde una perspectiva controversial. Orientaciones metodológicas de enseñanza y aprendizaje del pasado reciente en el contexto curricular chileno

La siguiente comunicación tiene por objetivo elaborar un conjunto de orientaciones de enseñanza del patrimonio cultural de los Derechos Humanos a través de la articulación teórica y metodológica de la ciudad educadora, los derechos humanos y didáctica del patrimonio cultural desde un enfoque controversial. Se propone una metodología cualitativa a través del uso de fuentes secundarias que para los efectos de esta propuesta, se centrará en: ¿cuáles son las orientaciones didácticas del patrimonio cultural que permiten la enseñanza de los Derechos Humanos para favorecer las ciudadanías memoriales y responsables del pasado reciente heredado? Se constata la necesidad de proponer un tratamiento articulado entre el saber académico y el conocimiento social, potenciando entre los y las estudiantes el desarrollo de aprendizajes para asegurar la salvaguardia consciente de los lugares de memoria desde una ciudadanía activa

Educación a través del arte y de la educación estética: el caso de la región de Reggio Emilia y la educación parvularia chilena

The educational project of Reggio Emilia region of Italy has been considered among the top ten of the world and the object of several researchs, applications and presentations worldwide. The purpose of this paper is to compare the curriculum of Chilean Early Childhood Education and the Reggio Emilia educational project, identifying the underlying factors and variables to further examine the feasibility of its application to the Chilean reality.El proyecto educativo de la región italiana de Reggio Emilia ha sido considerado entre los diez mejores del mundo y objeto de investigaciones y presentaciones internacionales. El propósito del presente artículo es comparar analíticamente el currículo de la carrera de Educación Parvularia chilena y el proyecto educativo italiano identificando factores y variables intervinientes para determinar si es aconsejable y factible su aplicación a la realidad chilena

Didáctica de la historia del arte chileno para niños y niñas. Desde el barroco al siglo XX. Pinturas del Museo Histórico Nacional

Este libro fue financiado gracias al programa de Fortalecimiento de Productividad y Continuidad en Investigación del tercer ciclo de 2017(FPCI III 2017) de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de Chile

Percepciones del profesorado de educación artística evaluando creatividad en artes visuales en estudiantes de sexto grado de primaria Valparaíso- Chile

This article aims to analyze the perceptions of sixth grade teachers from municipal educational institutions in the commune of Valparaíso (Chile) when applying the four criteria from divergent thinking to assess creativity (fluency, flexibility, originality and elaboration) within the Visual Arts study program. The methodology responds to a mixed model integrating the qualitative and quantitative methods. The sample was made up of 33 teachers who conduct the Visual Arts subject. The results of the qualitative analysis show that the main difficulties to assess creativity are four: lack of sensory development in students, inadequate infrastructure, time to develop evaluation tools, the need for updating and specialization in the artistic field. The quantitative outcomes indicate that there are no significant differences in the evaluation of the four creativity criteria, nor in gender variables, specialization and years of classroom experience.Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar las percepciones del profesorado de sexto grado de Educación Básica de Establecimientos Municipales de la Comuna de Valparaíso (Chile) en la aplicación de cuatro criterios para evaluar la creatividad desde el pensamiento divergente (fluidez, flexibilidad, originalidad y elaboración) del programa de estudios de Artes Visuales. La metodología responde a un modelo mixto de métodos cualitativo y cuantitativo. La muestra estuvo constituida por 33 docentes que imparten la asignatura de Artes Visuales. Los resultados del análisis cualitativo reportan que las principales dificultades para evaluar la creatividad son cuatro: falta de desarrollo de los sentidos del estudiantado, infraestructura inadecuada, tiempo para elaborar instrumentos de evaluación, necesidad de actualización y especialización en el área artística. Los resultados cuantitativos indican que no existen diferencias significativas en la evaluación de los cuatro criterios de creatividad, así como de variables de género, especialización y años de experiencia en aula.O artigo tem como objetivo analisar as percepções de professores do sexto ano do Ensino Fundamental de Estabelecimentos Municipais da Comuna de Valparaíso (Chile), na aplicação de quatro critérios para avaliar a criatividade a partir do pensamento divergente (fluência, flexibilidade, originalidade e elaboração) do currículo de artes visuais. A metodologia responde a um modelo misto de métodos cualitativos e quantitativos-. A amostra foi composta por 33 professores que lecionam a disciplina de Artes Visuais. Os resultados da análise qualitativa relatam que as principais dificuldades na avaliação da criatividade são quatro: falta de desenvolvimento dos sentidos do corpo discente, infraestrutura inadequada, tempo para desenvolver instrumentos de avaliação e necessidade de atualização e especialização na área artística. Os resultados quantitativos indicam que não há diferenças significativas na avaliação dos quatro critérios de criatividade, bem como variáveis de gênero, especialização e anos de experiência em sala de aula

Efficacy and safety of the CVnCoV SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine candidate in ten countries in Europe and Latin America (HERALD): a randomised, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 2b/3 trial

Background: Additional safe and efficacious vaccines are needed to control the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to analyse the efficacy and safety of the CVnCoV SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine candidate. Methods: HERALD is a randomised, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 2b/3 clinical trial conducted in 47 centres in ten countries in Europe and Latin America. By use of an interactive web response system and stratification by country and age group (18–60 years and ≥61 years), adults with no history of virologically confirmed COVID-19 were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive intramuscularly either two 0·6 mL doses of CVnCoV containing 12 μg of mRNA or two 0·6 mL doses of 0·9% NaCl (placebo) on days 1 and 29. The primary efficacy endpoint was the occurrence of a first episode of virologically confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 of any severity and caused by any strain from 15 days after the second dose. For the primary endpoint, the trial was considered successful if the lower limit of the CI was greater than 30%. Key secondary endpoints were the occurrence of a first episode of virologically confirmed moderate-to-severe COVID-19, severe COVID-19, and COVID-19 of any severity by age group. Primary safety outcomes were solicited local and systemic adverse events within 7 days after each dose and unsolicited adverse events within 28 days after each dose in phase 2b participants, and serious adverse events and adverse events of special interest up to 1 year after the second dose in phase 2b and phase 3 participants. Here, we report data up to June 18, 2021. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04652102, and EudraCT, 2020–003998–22, and is ongoing. Findings: Between Dec 11, 2020, and April 12, 2021, 39 680 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either CVnCoV (n=19 846) or placebo (n=19 834), of whom 19 783 received at least one dose of CVnCoV and 19 746 received at least one dose of placebo. After a mean observation period of 48·2 days (SE 0·2), 83 cases of COVID-19 occurred in the CVnCoV group (n=12 851) in 1735·29 person-years and 145 cases occurred in the placebo group (n=12 211) in 1569·87 person-years, resulting in an overall vaccine efficacy against symptomatic COVID-19 of 48·2% (95·826% CI 31·0–61·4; p=0·016). Vaccine efficacy against moderate-to-severe COVID-19 was 70·7% (95% CI 42·5–86·1; CVnCoV 12 cases in 1735·29 person-years, placebo 37 cases in 1569·87 person-years). In participants aged 18–60 years, vaccine efficacy against symptomatic disease was 52·5% (95% CI 36·2–64·8; CVnCoV 71 cases in 1591·47 person-years, placebo, 136 cases in 1449·23 person-years). Too few cases occurred in participants aged 61 years or older (CVnCoV 12, placebo nine) to allow meaningful assessment of vaccine efficacy. Solicited adverse events, which were mostly systemic, were more common in CVnCoV recipients (1933 [96·5%] of 2003) than in placebo recipients (1344 [67·9%] of 1978), with 542 (27·1%) CVnCoV recipients and 61 (3·1%) placebo recipients reporting grade 3 solicited adverse events. The most frequently reported local reaction after any dose in the CVnCoV group was injection-site pain (1678 [83·6%] of 2007), with 22 grade 3 reactions, and the most frequently reported systematic reactions were fatigue (1603 [80·0%] of 2003) and headache (1541 [76·9%] of 2003). 82 (0·4%) of 19 783 CVnCoV recipients reported 100 serious adverse events and 66 (0·3%) of 19 746 placebo recipients reported 76 serious adverse events. Eight serious adverse events in five CVnCoV recipients and two serious adverse events in two placebo recipients were considered vaccination-related. None of the fatal serious adverse events reported (eight in the CVnCoV group and six in the placebo group) were considered to be related to study vaccination. Adverse events of special interest were reported for 38 (0·2%) participants in the CVnCoV group and 31 (0·2%) participants in the placebo group. These events were considered to be related to the trial vaccine for 14 (<0·1%) participants in the CVnCoV group and for five (<0·1%) participants in the placebo group. Interpretation: CVnCoV was efficacious in the prevention of COVID-19 of any severity and had an acceptable safety profile. Taking into account the changing environment, including the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants, and timelines for further development, the decision has been made to cease activities on the CVnCoV candidate and to focus efforts on the development of next-generation vaccine candidates. Funding: German Federal Ministry of Education and Research and CureVac