Technologies for aerobraking

Aerobraking is one of the largest contributors to making both lunar and Mars missions affordable. The use of aerobraking/aeroassist over all propulsive approaches saves as much as 60 percent of the initial mass required in low earth orbit (LEO); thus, the number and size of earth to orbit launch vehicles is reduced. Lunar transfer vehicles (LTV), which will be used to transport personnel and materials from LEO to lunar outpost, will aerobrake into earth's atmosphere at approximately 11 km/sec on return from the lunar surface. Current plans for both manned and robotic missions to Mars use aerocapture during arrival at Mars and at return to Earth. At Mars, the entry velocities will range from about 6 to 9.5 km/sec, and at Earth the return velocity will be about 12.5 to 14 km/sec. These entry velocities depend on trajectories, flight dates, and mission scenarios and bound the range of velocities required for the current studies. In order to successfully design aerobrakes to withstand the aerodynamic forces and heating associated with these entry velocities, as well as to make them efficient, several critical technologies must be developed. These are vehicle concepts and configurations, aerothermodynamics, thermal protection system materials, and guidance, navigation, and control systems. The status of each of these technologies are described, and what must be accomplished in each area to meet the requirements of the Space Exploration Initiative is outlined

Some Blood Parasite and Disease Antibody Findings in Wild Rio Grande Turkeys Stocked in Iowa

Thirty-nine wild Rio Grande turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo intermedia), live-trapped near Sonora, Texas, were tested for various blood parasites and disease antibodies before being released in the Yellow River State Forest in Allamakee County, Iowa, in the fall and winter of 1960-61. Haemoproteus meleagridis was found in 79% of the 39 turkeys· Salmonella pullorum in 15%; and chicken embryo lethal orphan virus (CELO) antibodies in 1 of 9 birds tested for evidence of that disease. Ornithosis was found in one pooled sample of serum that involved 4 birds but it was absent in 15 birds. No evidence was detected for Salmonella typhimurium, Leucocytozoon, Trypanosoma, Plasmodium, Mycoplasma, Newcastle disease virus or western equine viral encephalmoyelitis

Occurrence of Haemoproteus nettionis in Wood Ducks (Aix sponsa L.)

The protozoan Haemoproteus nettionis was found in 77 of 168 wood ducks (Aix sponsa L.) live-trapped on the Upper Mississippi River Wildlife and Fish Refuge in September, 1963. No parasitemia was found in 68 wood ducks live-trapped in July and August, 1959 at the Union Slough National Wildlife Refuge in north-central Iowa. A description of the parasite from wood ducks on the Upper Mississippi Refuge is presented

Blood Parasites in Relation to Pheasants and Quail in Iowa

Blood parasite investigations of ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) and bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) were conducted in Iowa during 1957-59 and 1959-61. Wild pheasants from Winnebago, Union, Ringgold, and Adair counties, and wild quail from Ringgold and Wapello counties were checked for blood parasites. Pen-reared pheasants and quail checked for blood parasites were supplied by the State Wildlife Research and Exhibit Station at Boone and by private game clubs. Examination of blood smears from 364 pheasants and 673 bobwhite indicated no positive cases of Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon, or Plasmodium. Experiments aimed at inducing infections of Plasmodium in pheasants and Leucocytozoon in bobwhite were unsuccessful

Meanders: Exact Asymptotics

We conjecture that meanders are governed by the gravitational version of a c=-4 two-dimensional conformal field theory, allowing for exact predictions for the meander configuration exponent \alpha=\sqrt{29}(\sqrt{29}+\sqrt{5})/12, and the semi-meander exponent {\bar\alpha}=1+\sqrt{11}(\sqrt{29}+\sqrt{5})/24. This result follows from an interpretation of meanders as pairs of fully packed loops on a random surface, described by two c=-2 free fields. The above values agree with recent numerical estimates. We generalize these results to a score of meandric numbers with various geometries and arbitrary loop fugacities.Comment: new version with note added in proo

Pheasant Farms in lowa

An investigation of privately owned pheasant farms in Iowa was conducted from 1960 to 1963. The objectives of the study were to locate all pheasant farms in the state and to study the distribution, size, annual production and years of operation of these farms. The majority of pheasant breeding operations were located in the southern half of Iowa. A total of 254 individuals reared pheasants during the study, but only 31 pheasant farms operated continuously from 1960 to 1963. The average number of farms per year was 119. A total of 84,943 pheasants was produced during the study. Large pheasant farms (over 500 birds) comprised 5% of the total number of farms, but produced 82% of the pen-reared pheasants. Most pheasant farms (88%) produced fewer than 100 birds each year. An average of 43% of the operators reared pheasants for the first time in each of the years 1960 to 1963. Pheasant breeders in Iowa varied in level of education, background, and employment. No persons depended upon a pheasant farm to supply their entire livelihood. Most operators reared pheasants as a hobby, for local stocking, or for home food consumption. A few sold birds to food processors and to commercial shooting preserves

Ovarian Analysis for Data on Corpora Lutea Changes in White-tailed Deer

The reproductive capacity of the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Iowa was determined for the period 1957 to 1961. Ovarian structures were checked in 425 pairs of ovaries. Physical characteristics of corpora lutea and corpora albicantia were checked. Breeding by fawns was indicated by the presence of an average of 1.09 corpora lutea per doe in their first winter of life, and by 0.87 corpora albicantia between the ages of 1 and 2 years. This indicates a loss or lack of detection of 25 per cent of the corpora albicantia. As is to be expected, no corpora albicantia were found in fawn does. Adult whitetails had an average of 2.27 corpora lutea per deer, while the mean number of corpora albicantia was 2.21. This indicates a decrease of 3 per cent in counts from corpora lutea to their scar tissue remnants, the corpora albicantia, in deer 2-1/2 years and older. Discussion of technique is included

Downtown Providence Farmers Market Design

This market essentially combines a marketplace with an existing or new industrial building. The hybrid created results in space that has daily retail sales and hours, as well as other goods available at other times. The industrial aspect typically acts as the anchor, as the market’s activities help attract a different group of consumers at other business times. An example of this would be a seafood supply warehouse that also provides dining and entertainment as a nightlife destination