Viscosity of High Energy Nuclear Fluids

Relativistic high energy heavy ion collision cross sections have been interpreted in terms of almost ideal liquid droplets of nuclear matter. The experimental low viscosity of these nuclear fluids have been of considerable recent quantum chromodynamic interest. The viscosity is here discussed in terms of the string fragmentation models wherein the temperature dependence of the nuclear fluid viscosity obeys the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann law.Comment: 6 pages, ReVTeX 4 format, two figures, *.eps forma

MEMS Based Acoustic Array

Embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the specification aid drawings include a combination responsive to an acoustic wave that can be utilized as a dynamic pressure sensor. In one embodiment of the present invention, the combination has a substrate having a first surface and an opposite second surface, a microphone positioned on the first surface of the substrate and having an input and a first output and a second output, wherein the input receives a biased voltage, and the microphone generates an output signal responsive to the acoustic wave between the first output and the second output. The combination further has an amplifier positioned on the first surface of the substrate and having a first input and a second input and an output, wherein the first input of the amplifier is electrically coupled to the first output of the microphone and the second input of the amplifier is electrically coupled to the second output of the microphone for receiving the output sinual from the microphone. The amplifier is spaced from the microphone with a separation smaller than 0.5 mm

Resummation Methods at Finite Temperature: The Tadpole Way

We examine several resummation methods for computing higher order corrections to the finite temperature effective potential, in the context of a scalar $\phi^4$ theory. We show by explicit calculation to four loops that dressing the propagator, not the vertex, of the one-loop tadpole correctly counts ``daisy'' and ``super-daisy'' diagrams.Comment: 18 pages, LaTeX, CALT-68-1858, HUTP-93-A011, EFI-93-2

Meanders: Exact Asymptotics

We conjecture that meanders are governed by the gravitational version of a c=-4 two-dimensional conformal field theory, allowing for exact predictions for the meander configuration exponent \alpha=\sqrt{29}(\sqrt{29}+\sqrt{5})/12, and the semi-meander exponent {\bar\alpha}=1+\sqrt{11}(\sqrt{29}+\sqrt{5})/24. This result follows from an interpretation of meanders as pairs of fully packed loops on a random surface, described by two c=-2 free fields. The above values agree with recent numerical estimates. We generalize these results to a score of meandric numbers with various geometries and arbitrary loop fugacities.Comment: new version with note added in proo

Structure and Fabrication of a Microscale Flow-Rate/Skin Friction Sensor

A floating element shear sensor and method for fabricating the same are provided. According to an embodiment, a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-based capacitive floating element shear stress sensor is provided that can achieve time-resolved turbulence measurement. In one embodiment, a differential capacitive transduction scheme is used for shear stress measurement. The floating element structure for the differential capacitive transduction scheme incorporates inter digitated comb fingers forming differential capacitors, which provide electrical output proportional to the floating element deflection

Annotated Bibliography of Fire Literature Relative to Northern Grasslands in South-Central Canada and North-Central United States

This publication provides a condensed reference of fire literature for those with an interest in fire ecology

How Good a Deal Was the Tobacco Settlement?: Assessing Payments to Massachusetts

We estimate the increment in Massachusetts Medicaid program costs attributable to smoking from December 20, 1991, to 1998. We describe how our methods improve upon earlier estimates of analogous costs at the national level. Current costs to the Massachusetts Medicaid program approximate the payments to Massachusetts under the tobacco settlement of November 1998. Whether these payments are viewed as appropriate compensation for Medicaid costs over time depends upon the rate of increase in future health care costs, the rate of decline in smoking, the proportion of smoking that should be attributed to the actions of the tobacco companies and the liklihood that state would have prevailed at trial. The costs to the Medicaid program are dwarfed by the internal costs to smokers themselves.

Effective use of microbial biomass products to facilitate the complete replacement of fishery resources in diets for the black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon

A series of experiments were conducted with black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) juveniles to firstly determine the effects of reducing fishmeal inclusion in a diet and then to evaluate the potential for a microbial bioactive to support complete replacement of both fishmeal and fish oil in feeds when fed under clear-water and green-water conditions. The isoproteic and isoenergetic replacement of fishmeal resulted in a consistent decline in growth performance indicating that at every decrease in fishmeal below an inclusion level of 45% there was a decline in performance. In a subsequent trial undertaken in a clear-water tank system diets devoid of both fishmeal and fish oil fed to shrimp were demonstrated to produce poorer performance than a fishmeal and fish oil reference diet. However the addition of a microbial bioactive to the diet resulted in not only a compensation for the replacement of these ingredients but also additional growth. Replication of the clear-water trial in a green-water tank system not only produced similar results, but also showed that the green-water system largely compensated for the performance lost through replacement of fishmeal and fish oil. However it was also shown that the use of the microbial bioactive in the diets still resulted in improved growth performance of shrimp. This study has effectively demonstrated a viable strategy for not only a complete replacement of all fishery products in shrimp diets, but also an improved performance strategy. © 2014