A new computerized program for grain yield stability analysis in wheat

 Abstract. Advanced statistical codes we present in MINITAB statistical environment, produces comprehensive computational and graphical outputs for the best stability analysis, additive main and multiplicative interaction effect (AMMI). The experiment comprised of a population of doubled-haploid wheat lines at 2006-2009 ys. As lattice designs. The results of AMMI analysis of grain yield showed the significant (P0.01) effect of years, lines, and their interaction effect, along with 49.1, 7.80 20.63% of the total variation, respectively. Also the written macro partitioned the GEI effect to three IPCA scores, accounted for 40.70, 35.32 23.96% of the GEI, respectively. The results of the cross-validation with FR (Cornelius) indicated the appropriateness of AMMI2 model, whereby the biplots of genotypes years drawn, by which the stable genotypes were chosen. This program provided useful computations such as: principal component analysis, cluster analysis, Finlay-Wilkinson stability regression analysis and so on. In general, this program has a high potential for AMMI yield (etc) stability analyses, following estimating their parameters and could be applied by researchers working with stability analysis in plant breeding programs to obtain the most tolerant/resistant cultivars during multienvironment trials

Breeding Better Flax (Linum Usitatissimum L.) for Agronomic and Consumption Values Under Different Field Treatments

We studies some best levels of N fertilizer (0 to 150 kgha-1) and cultivation dates on grain yield its related characters and 5 food consumption compositions on 8 Linseed varieties at Yasooj Azad University, Iran, during 2009 and 2010 in field experiments as RBD split-plot designs. As a result, early sowings (14th March) along with moderate-to-high N fertilizer (100-150 kgha-1) led to highest yields. Significant positive associations found between agronomic and biochemical; oil percentage and Linoleic fatty acids. Path coefficients analysis revealed interestingly that Capsule number and primary branch per plant, plant height and 1000-seed weight had the most positive direct effects on seed yield. According to PCA, first two traits, along with height and 1000-seed weight, oleic and Linoleic acids and dry weight had the most contributions, interpreting almost all the variation. Thus, to simultaneous breeding of high oil and yielding flax varieties, capsule number per plant, primary branch per plant, plant height and 1000-seed weight should firstly be considered followed by oleic and Linoleic fatty acid

Evaluating the effect of gamma rays on Zamiifolia (Zamioculcas zamiifolia) plant in vitro and genetic diversity of the resulting genotypes using the ISSR marker

Abstract Zamiifolia (Zamioculcas sp.) is a perennial plant in the Araceae family and one of the new apartment plants in the world. In this study, in order to increase the effectiveness of the breeding program, tissue culture technique and explants of leaf parts were used. The results indicated that 2,4-D (1 mg/l) and BA (2 mg/l) hormones affected positively and significantly callus formation and simultaneous application of NAA and BA (both in 0.5 mg/l) caused the best results regarding seedling production and number, leaves, complete tubers, and root in tissue culture of Zaamifolia. In the study, three cultivars of Zamiifolia (green, black and Dutch) and 12 genotypes resulted from callus formation stage, irradiated with different gamma rays (0 to 175 Gy, with LD50 as 68 Gy) were selected and the presence of genetic diversity was investigated using 22 ISSR primers. Applying ISSR marker showed that the highest amount of PIC values related to the F19(0.47) and F20(0.38) primers, which persuasively isolated the studied genotypes. Moreover, the highest efficiency was detected for AK66 marker based on the MI parameter. The PCA and clustering categorization via UPGMA methodology based on molecular information and Dice index, differentiated the genotypes into 6 groups. Genotypes 1(callus), 2(100 Gy) and 3(cultivar from Holland) created separated groups. The 4th group included 6(callus), 8(0 Gy), 9(75 Gy), 11(90 Gy), 12(100 Gy) and 13(120 Gy) genotypes appearing as the largest group. The 5th group included 7(160 Gy), 10(80 Gy), 14(140 Gy) and 15(Zanziber gem black) genotypes. The last group included 4(mather plant) and 5(callus) genotypes. In this context, genotypes 1, 5, and 6 had probably somaclonal variation. Moreover, genotypes that received doses of 100 and 120 Gy, had a medium diversity. There is a high possibility of introducing a cultivar with a low dose and high genetic diversity in the whole group. Genotype 7 in this classification, received the highest dose of 160 Gy. In this population, the Dutch variety, was used as a new variety. As a result, the ISSR marker could correctly group the genotypes. This is an interesting finding, and it could be hypothesized that the ISSR marker could correctly differentiate Zaamifolia genotypes and probably other ornamental plants under the effect of gamma rays mutagenesis in order to achieve novel variants

Effect of explant origin and different growth regulators on micropropagation of Pistacia atlantica ssp. mutica

Propagation of wild pistachio as a multipurpose woody species is a hard and tedious task. In this research, an effective in vitro protocol was developed for rapid proliferation of wild pistachio (Pistacia atlantica ssp. mutica) in MS medium supplemented with B5 vitamins and different growth regulators. Rooting of plantlets was tested by two treatments containing Rhizopon and IBA in ex vitro. With respect to the results, the nodal segments explants, produced the highest shoot frequency, leaf frequency and the tallest shoots. On the other hand, the tallest shoots were generated from shoot tip explant and medium containing of TDZ plus IAA. Both treatments (Rhizopon and IBA) led to a remarkable increase in the number of roots, root length and rooting percentage compared to the control. These results may be applied for rapid proliferation to spread the pistachio trees and shrubs that are difficult and time consuming

Genetic diversity within and among two-spotted spider mite resistant and susceptible common bean genotypes

Two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae C. L. Koch, 1836), is one of the most destructive herbivores of common bean. Very little is known about the diversity among resistant sources in this crop. The present study was conducted to characterize 22 resistant and susceptible common bean genotypes by 8 Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) and 8 Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. These SSR and RAPD primers produced 100 % and 81.8 % polymorphic bands. Based on RAPD fingerprints and SSR profiles, pairwise genetic similarity ranged from 0.0 to 0.857 and from 0.125 to 1, respectively. The resistant and susceptible common bean accessions were grouped together in the dendrograms generated from RAPD and SSR clustering analyses. The results indicate that RAPD and SSR analysis could be successfully used for the estimation of genetic diversity among genotypes. SSR markers could group genotypes according to their resistibility and susceptibility to the spotted spider mite but RAPD could not. Therefore, the SSR markers can facilitate the development of resistant common bean cultivars through breeding programs against T. urticae.</p

Investigation of the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and catabolic characteristics and gene expression under drought stress in tolerant and sensitive genotypes of wild barley [Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum (K. Koch) Asch. & Graebn.]

Background: Barley (H. vulgare L.) is an important cereal crop cultivated across various climates globally. Barley and its ancestor (H. vulgare subsp. spontaneum) are an economically valuable model for genetic research and improvement. Drought, among various abiotic stresses, is a substantial threat to agriculture due to its unpredictable nature and significant impact on crop yield. Results: This study was conducted in both greenhouse and laboratory settings. Prior to the study, wild barley accessions were pre-selected based on their sensitivity or tolerance to drought as determined from fieldwork in the 2020–2021 and 2021–2022 cropping seasons. The effects of three levels of drought stress were evaluated (control, 90–95% field capacity [FC]; mild stress, 50–55% FC; and severe stress, 25–30% FC). Several parameters were assessed, including seedling and root growth, enzymatic activity (CAT, SOD, POD), soluble protein levels, chlorophyll content, carotenoids, abaxial and adaxial stomatal density and dimensions, and relative gene expression of Dhn1, SOD, POD, and CAT. Drought stress significantly increased enzyme activities, especially at 25–30% FC, and more in the tolerant genotype. On the other hand, sensitive genotypes showed a notable increase in stomatal density. Under drought stress, there was a general decline in seedling and root growth, protein content, chlorophyll and carotenoids, and stomatal dimensions. Importantly, gene expression analysis revealed that Dhn1, SOD, POD, and CAT were upregulated under drought, with the highest expression levels observed in the drought-tolerant genotype under severe stress conditions (25–30% FC). Conclusions: Our investigation highlights the distinct morphological, physiological, biochemical, and gene-expression profiles of drought-resistant and drought-sensitive wild barley genotypes under varying degrees of drought.Peer reviewe