Relación entre comprensión verbal y habilidades mentales en universitarios

Introduction. University students face an academic context of demands and challenges. For this reason they need to mobilize and strengthen the physical, psychological, cognitive, social, economic resources that students have at the beginning of their academic career. The student of the Bachelor of Nursing must develop solid skills in scientific knowledge and humanistic training. Objective. Analyze the relationship between verbal comprehension and mental abilities: spatial comprehension, reasoning, number management and verbal fluency in university students. Method. A quantitative, cross-sectional, analytical study was performed. 102 new students enrolled in the Nursing Degree participated. The sample was not probabilistic for convenience, consisting of 102 students. The results of the Primary Mental Skills Test of L.L Thurstone and T.G. Thurstone, whose reliability is 0.87. Analysis. A descriptive analysis was performed and Pearson's correlation between the study variables was estimated. In addition, the corresponding hypothesis tests were performed to assess the significance of the correlations. Results. It was found that verbal comprehension is significantly and directly related to spatial comprehension (r = 0.22, p <0.022), reasoning (r = 0.30, p = 0.002), number management (r = 0.29, p = 0.003) and verbal fluency (r = 0.19, p = 0.044). Conclusion. Due to the finding of the difficulties that students present with respect to their levels in mental abilities, the implementation of a leveling course in mental skills with emphasis on reasoning and number management is recommended.Introducción. Los estudiantes Universitarios se enfrentan a un contexto académico de exigencias y desafíos. Por esta razón requieren movilizar y fortalecer los recursos físicos, psicológicos, cognitivos, sociales, económicos con los que cuentan los estudiantes al inicio de su trayectoria académica. El estudiante de la Licenciatura en Enfermería debe desarrollar las competencias sólidas en conocimiento científico y formación humanista. Objetivo. Analizar la relación entre comprensión verbal y las habilidades mentales: comprensión espacial, raciocinio, manejo de número y fluidez verbal en estudiantes universitarios. Método. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, transversal, analítico. Participaron 102 estudiantes de nuevo ingreso matriculados a la Licenciatura de Enfermería. La muestra fue no probabilística por conveniencia, conformada por 102 estudiantes. Se obtuvieron los resultados del Test de Habilidades Mentales Primarias de L.L Thurstone y T.G. Thurstone, cuya fiabilidad es de 0.87. Análisis. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y se estimó la correlación de Pearson entre las variables de estudio. Además, se efectuaron las pruebas de hipótesis correspondientes para evaluar la significancia de las correlaciones. Resultados. Se encontró que la comprensión verbal está relacionada de manera significativa y directa con la comprensión espacial (r=0.22, p<0.022), el raciocinio (r=0.30, p=0.002), el manejo de números (r=0.29, p=0.003) y la fluidez verbal (r=0.19, p=0.044). Conclusión. Debido al hallazgo de las dificultades que presentan los estudiantes con respecto a sus niveles en las habilidades mentales, se recomienda la implementación de curso de nivelación en las habilidades mentales con enfásis en raciocinio y manejo de números

Relación entre perfil de ingreso y rendimiento académico en estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Enfermería

Introduction. The Bachelor of Nursing is a quality educational program accredited by the Mexican Council for Accreditation in Nursing, A.C. (COMACE), which allows young people to have, based on their income profile, an academic performance to develop solid competences in scientific knowledge and humanistic training. Objective. Analyze the relationship between the income profile (knowledge and mental abilities) and the academic performance of students in the first semester of the Nursing Degree. Method. A quantitative, transversal, analytical study was carried out. The sample was non-probabilistic for convenience, consisting of 102 students. The results of the National Entrance Examination for Higher Education (EXANI-II) were obtained, the Primary Mental Abilities Test of L.L Thurstone and T.G. Thurstone, whose reliability is 0.87. For the academic performance, the result obtained in the subjects studied and the corresponding average was considered. Analysis. The data was analyzed in Microsoft Excel 2016 and processed through the statistical package Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0 for Windows. A descriptive analysis was carried out and to estimate the correlation between the variables of interest, Pearson correlation was used. Results. The four areas evaluated in the EXANI-II correlate significantly with student performance. The mental ability of verbal comprehension correlates significantly with all subjects (p <0.02). Conclusion. It is concluded that the new students entering the Bachelor of Nursing who obtained high results in the EXANI-II and who have the mental ability of verbal comprehension, are expected to have a good academic performance in the first semester of the Degree.Introducción. La Licenciatura en Enfermería es un programa educativo acreditado por el Consejo Mexicano para la Acreditación en Enfermería, A.C. (COMACE), lo cual permite al estudiante tener, con base en su perfil de ingreso, un rendimiento académico para desarrollar las competencias sólidas en conocimiento científico y formación humanista. Objetivo. Analizar la relación entre el perfil de ingreso (conocimientos y habilidades mentales) y el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes en el primer semestre de la Licenciatura en Enfermería. Método. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, transversal, analítico. La muestra fue no probabilística por conveniencia, conformada por 102 estudiantes. Se obtuvieron los resultados del Examen Nacional de Ingreso a la Educación Superior (EXANI-II), se aplicó el Test de Habilidades Mentales Primarias de L.L Thurstone y T.G. Thurstone, cuya fiabilidad es de 0.87. Para el rendimiento académico se consideró el promedio de las calificaciones obtenidas en las asignaturas del primer semestre. Análisis. Se analizaron los datos en Microsoft Excel 2016 y se procesaron por medio del paquete estadístico Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0 para Windows. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y para estimar la correlación entre las variables de interés, se utilizó correlación de Pearson. Resultados. Las cuatro áreas evaluadas en el EXANI-II se correlacionan significativamente con el rendimiento de los estudiantes. La habilidad mental de comprensión verbal correlaciona significativamente con todas las asignaturas (p<0.02). Conclusión. Se concluye que los estudiantes de nuevo ingreso a la Licenciatura en Enfermería que obtuvieron resultados altos en el EXANI-II y en la habilidad mental de Comprensión verbal, obtuvieron un mejor rendimiento académico en el primer semestre de la Licenciatura

Targeting ABL-IRE1α Signaling Spares ER-Stressed Pancreatic β Cells to Reverse Autoimmune Diabetes.

(Cell Metabolism 25, 883–897; April 4, 2017) In the originally published version of this article, the immunoblot image of the HDAC1 nuclear extract protein control in Figure&nbsp;3I was incorrectly cropped such that it included one extraneous lane. The corrected and original versions of Figure&nbsp;3I are shown here. Furthermore, in the Discussion, after the sentence “Such compensatory, dysregulated UPR effects may be general as Perk deletion, likewise, hyperactivates IRE1α in β cells, which suffer early apoptosis, leading to postnatal diabetes,” we incorrectly cited Harding, H.P., and Ron, D. (2002). Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the development of diabetes: a review. Diabetes 51, S455–S461. The correct citation is: Harding, H.P., Zeng, H., Zhang, Y., Jungries, R., Chung, P., Plesken, H., Sabatini, D.D., and Ron, D. (2001). Diabetes mellitus and exocrine pancreatic dysfunction in perk−/− mice reveals a role for translational control in secretory cell survival. Molecular Cell 7, 1153–1163. The authors apologize for any confusion these errors may have caused. [Figure presented

Targeting ABL-IRE1α Signaling Spares ER-Stressed Pancreatic β Cells to Reverse Autoimmune Diabetes.

In cells experiencing unrelieved endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, the ER transmembrane kinase/endoribonuclease (RNase)-IRE1α-endonucleolytically degrades ER-localized mRNAs to promote apoptosis. Here we find that the ABL family of tyrosine kinases rheostatically enhances IRE1α's enzymatic activities, thereby potentiating ER stress-induced apoptosis. During ER stress, cytosolic ABL kinases localize to the ER membrane, where they bind, scaffold, and hyperactivate IRE1α's RNase. Imatinib-an anti-cancer tyrosine kinase inhibitor-antagonizes the ABL-IRE1α interaction, blunts IRE1α RNase hyperactivity, reduces pancreatic β cell apoptosis, and reverses type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model. A mono-selective kinase inhibitor that allosterically attenuates IRE1α's RNase-KIRA8-also efficaciously reverses established diabetes in NOD mice by sparing β cells and preserving their physiological function. Our data support a model wherein ER-stressed β cells contribute to their own demise during T1D pathogenesis and implicate the ABL-IRE1α axis as a drug target for the treatment of an autoimmune disease

Ticagrelor in patients with diabetes and stable coronary artery disease with a history of previous percutaneous coronary intervention (THEMIS-PCI) : a phase 3, placebo-controlled, randomised trial

Background: Patients with stable coronary artery disease and diabetes with previous percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), particularly those with previous stenting, are at high risk of ischaemic events. These patients are generally treated with aspirin. In this trial, we aimed to investigate if these patients would benefit from treatment with aspirin plus ticagrelor. Methods: The Effect of Ticagrelor on Health Outcomes in diabEtes Mellitus patients Intervention Study (THEMIS) was a phase 3 randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, done in 1315 sites in 42 countries. Patients were eligible if 50 years or older, with type 2 diabetes, receiving anti-hyperglycaemic drugs for at least 6 months, with stable coronary artery disease, and one of three other mutually non-exclusive criteria: a history of previous PCI or of coronary artery bypass grafting, or documentation of angiographic stenosis of 50% or more in at least one coronary artery. Eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to either ticagrelor or placebo, by use of an interactive voice-response or web-response system. The THEMIS-PCI trial comprised a prespecified subgroup of patients with previous PCI. The primary efficacy outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (measured in the intention-to-treat population). Findings: Between Feb 17, 2014, and May 24, 2016, 11 154 patients (58% of the overall THEMIS trial) with a history of previous PCI were enrolled in the THEMIS-PCI trial. Median follow-up was 3·3 years (IQR 2·8–3·8). In the previous PCI group, fewer patients receiving ticagrelor had a primary efficacy outcome event than in the placebo group (404 [7·3%] of 5558 vs 480 [8·6%] of 5596; HR 0·85 [95% CI 0·74–0·97], p=0·013). The same effect was not observed in patients without PCI (p=0·76, p interaction=0·16). The proportion of patients with cardiovascular death was similar in both treatment groups (174 [3·1%] with ticagrelor vs 183 (3·3%) with placebo; HR 0·96 [95% CI 0·78–1·18], p=0·68), as well as all-cause death (282 [5·1%] vs 323 [5·8%]; 0·88 [0·75–1·03], p=0·11). TIMI major bleeding occurred in 111 (2·0%) of 5536 patients receiving ticagrelor and 62 (1·1%) of 5564 patients receiving placebo (HR 2·03 [95% CI 1·48–2·76], p<0·0001), and fatal bleeding in 6 (0·1%) of 5536 patients with ticagrelor and 6 (0·1%) of 5564 with placebo (1·13 [0·36–3·50], p=0·83). Intracranial haemorrhage occurred in 33 (0·6%) and 31 (0·6%) patients (1·21 [0·74–1·97], p=0·45). Ticagrelor improved net clinical benefit: 519/5558 (9·3%) versus 617/5596 (11·0%), HR=0·85, 95% CI 0·75–0·95, p=0·005, in contrast to patients without PCI where it did not, p interaction=0·012. Benefit was present irrespective of time from most recent PCI. Interpretation: In patients with diabetes, stable coronary artery disease, and previous PCI, ticagrelor added to aspirin reduced cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke, although with increased major bleeding. In that large, easily identified population, ticagrelor provided a favourable net clinical benefit (more than in patients without history of PCI). This effect shows that long-term therapy with ticagrelor in addition to aspirin should be considered in patients with diabetes and a history of PCI who have tolerated antiplatelet therapy, have high ischaemic risk, and low bleeding risk

Alirocumab and cardiovascular outcomes after acute coronary syndrome

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