Current Aspects in Trichinellosis

Currently, it is estimated that more than 11 million humans in the world are infected by helminth parasites of Trichinella species, mainly by Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis), responsible for causing Trichinellosis disease in both animals and humans. Trichinellosis is a cosmopolitan parasitic zoonotic disease, which has direct relevance to human and animal health, because it presents a constant and important challenge to the host’s immune system, especially through the intestinal tract. Currently, there is an intense investigation of new strategies in pharmacotherapy and immunotherapy against infection by Trichinella spiralis. In this chapter, we will present the most current aspects of biology, epidemiology, immunology, clinicopathology, pharmacotherapy and immunotherapy in Trichinellosis

Significado y actitud ante los materiales didácticos de la asignatura de inglés. El estado de la cuestión en educación básica de Nayarit

En México, dentro del Sistema Educativo Nacional básicamente se ha dado los cambios en especial en el nivel de Educación Básica, precisamente por ser el fundamento de la educación formal y de la cual parten los niveles subsecuentes. La enseñanza del inglés implica la suma del esfuerzo de maestros y estudiantes, así como el adecuado aprovechamiento de los recursos didáctico-pedagógicos para lograr el éxito educativo. El presente estudio tiene como propósito conocer el significado que atribuyen los docentes de la asignatura de inglés en torno al uso del material educativo, así como la actitud de los alumnos en relación con dichos materiales. La investigación está dirigida a docentes de educación básica y alumnos de primaria y secundaria del Estado de Nayarit

Growth Dynamics and Water Potential Components of Three Summer Squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) Cultivars

Summer squash fruit is a horticultural crop that possesses a very short postharvest life due to its high rates of metabolism and transpiration along with a low cuticle resistance exhibited mainly when the fruit is harvested at horticultural maturity. This research was realized following the fruit growth of the summer squash cultivars: ‘Enterprise’, ‘Pascola’ and ‘Hurakan F1’, whose seeds were germinated in polystyrene trays and their seedlings were subsequently transferred to pots for optimum growth under greenhouse conditions. Fruits were sampled at 3, 5, 7 and 9 days after anthesis (DAA). Physical (weight, diameter, and length of fruit), chemical (pH, titratable acidity and total soluble solids), hydric status (water, osmotic and pressure potentials), and histological analysis were done. The highest number of fruits having marketing quality were shown in both ‘Pascola’ and ‘Hurakan F1’ cultivars at 7 DAA, whereas, in ‘Enterprise’ was shown at 9 DAA. Marketing quality fruits from the three cultivars showed similarities on pH (about 6.6), titratable acidity (TA) decreases in ‘Enterprise’ and ‘Hurakan F1’, whereas total soluble solids (TSS) decreases in ‘Pascola’ and ‘Hurakan F1’ (pJ 0.5). From 3 to 9 DAA, in all cultivars, the water potential was close to -1.0 MPa, the osmotic potential showed an increasing pattern ranging between -1.59 and -1.15 MPa, and the pressure potential remained in the positive range. Tissue water stability was histologically related to a well-defined parenchyma tissue showing thin-walled, polygonal, intact and turgid cells during fruit growth

Biosynthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles using Parkinsonia florida leaf extract and antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles

In this work, the biosynthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles from a leaf extract of Parkinsonia florida (P. florida) is reported. The P. florida leaf extract was analyzed by a phytochemical screening, by measuring the DPPH radical scavenging activity, and by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The phytochemical screening results indicated that biomolecules like carbohydrates, phenols, proteins, aminoacids, saponins, and flavonoids present in P. florida leaf extract might have participated in the chemical reduction of the metallic salts and further colloidal stabilization. The FT-IR results from leaf extract functional groups support the role of surface modification with the presence of residues of phenols, proteins, aminoacids, saponins, and flavonoids. The formation of metallic nanoparticles was confirmed by optical absorption spectroscopy with characteristic absorption bands at 550 nm and 430 nm, for gold and silver nanoparticles, respectively. Zeta potential for gold nanoparticles presents negative values in the range of 10 +/- 1 to 16 +/- 1 mV, depending on the amount of leaf extract used during the synthesis reaction. Similarly, zeta potential values for silver nanoparticles were in the range of -5 +/- 1 to 16 +/- 1 mV. STEM images revealed the average particles sizes in the range from 10 to 15 nm, and 10 to 57 nm, for gold and silver nanoparticles respectively. The silver nanoparticles presented good antibacterial activity, inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.National Council of Science and Technology (CONACyT) [INFR-226208-2014, INFR-255791-2015]; CONACYTOpen access journalThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

Distribución vertical de raíces en seis agroecosistemas en un acrisol de la sabana de Huimanguillo, Tabasco, México

Objective: We studied the density of length of thin roots (DLRD), less than 6 cm thick, in six agroecosystems that develop in an acid soil characteristic of the Sabana de Huimanguillo, Tabasco, Mexico, an “acahual” was taken as a reference and characterized floristically, identifying 33 species. Design / methodology / approach: A description of a soil profile was made, taking samples from each horizon to perform physical and chemical analyzes. The DRLD was estimated by the monolith method, considering four depths (0-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30-40 cm), six samples were taken per agroecosystem. Results: The soil corresponded to a Chromic Acrisol (Loamic, Cutanic, Hyperdystric, Humic). The highest values of DRLD occurred in the first 20 cm, being 67, 69.1, 66.5, 81.4, 82.8 and 77.6% for pineapple, eucalyptus, acacia, rubber, grass and acahual, respectively. It was notorious that from 40 cm of depth the DLRD values decreased considerably in all agroecosystems. 33 plant species were identified Limitations of the study/implications: It is necessary to do more research of the DLRD at greater depth and in other savanna soils to establish clear differences of vertical exploration of the radical biomass. Findings / conclusions: The greatest development of DLRD occurs in the first 20 cm in the six agroecosystems, decreasing considerably according to depth. Grass presented the highest values of DLDR in general there were statistical differences between the first and the rest of the depths. No homogeneity of DLRD was observed in the arboreal agroecosystems in the studied depths.Objetivo: Estudiar la densidad de longitud de raíces delgadas (DLRD), de menos de 6 cm de grosor, en seis agroecosistemas que se desarrollan en un suelo ácido característico de la Sabana de Huimanguillo, Tabasco (México), se tomó como referencia y se caracterizó florísticamente un acahual. Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Se describió un perfil de suelo tomando muestras de cada horizonte para determinar sus características físicas y químicas. La DRLD se estimó mediante el método del monolito, considerando cuatro profundidades (0-10, 10-20, 20- 30 y 30-40 cm), se tomaron seis muestras por agroecosistema. Resultados: El suelo correspondió a un Chromic Acrisol (Loamic, Cutanic, Hyperdystric, Humic). Los valores más altos de DRL se presentaron en los primeros 20 cm, siendo 67, 69.1, 66.5, 81.4, 82.8 y 77.6% para piña, eucalipto, acacia, hule, pasto y acahual, respectivamente. Fue notorio que a partir de 40 cm de profundidad los valores de DLRD disminuyeron considerablemente en todos los agroecosistemas. Se identificaron 33 especies de plantas. Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: Es necesario hacer más investigación de la DLRD a mayor profundidad y en otros suelos de sabana para establecer con claridad diferencias de exploración vertical de la biomasa radical. Hallazgos/conclusiones: El mayor desarrollo de DLRD se da en los primeros 20 cm en los seis agroecosistemas, decreciendo considerablemente conforme a la profundidad. Pasto presentó los valores más altos de DLRD y de manera general hubo diferencias estadísticas entre la primera y el resto de las profundidades. No se observó homogeneidad de DLRD en los agroecosistemas arbóreos en las profundidades estudiadas

Quality of a Cambisol at different times of agricultural use in the region of Los Ríos, Tabasco, Mexico.

ABSTRACT Objective: Assessing the quality of a Cambisol soil with different times of agricultural use in the Los Ríos region (RR), Tabasco, Mexico. Design/methodology/approach: Four agricultural uses were selected in a Cambisol (CM): rainfed crops (CT), annual crops (CA), pasture (Pa) and secondary vegetation (VS), established in three stages (1984, 2000 and 2019), with four repetitions. Soil samples were collected from all surveyed sites with an auger at a depth of 0-30 cm. The following physico-chemical properties were determined in the soil samples: texture (T), bulk density (DA), aggregate stability (EA), pH, electrical conductivity (CE), organic matter (MO), total nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). An analysis of variance of the factorial experiment was performed (significance level p=0.05). The variables that presented a significant effect were subjected to Tukey's multiple comparison of means test (significance level p=0.05). Results: Statistically significant differences (p≤0.05) were obtained in the MO, P and K contents and in DA. High OM content in CM with VS at any time of establishment, shows better soil quality compared to CM with CT and CA. The high DA recorded in CM with Pa since 1984, indicates a degradation of soil quality due to compaction, as a result of grazing by extensive livestock. Limitations on study/implications: Sustainable management practices are required to recover degraded CM. Findings/conclusions: OM and DA contents were the best indicators of CM soil quality, affected by agricultural use change and time of use in the RR, Tabasco.    Objective: To evaluate the quality of a Cambisol at different times of agricultural use in the Los Ríos region (RR), Tabasco, Mexico. Design/Methodology/Approach: Four agricultural uses were selected on a Cambisol (CM): rainfed crop (RC), annual crop (AC), pasture (Pa), and secondary vegetation (SV). These were established at three different times (1984, 2000, and 2019) with four replications. Soil was collected using an auger at a depth of 0-30 cm. The physicochemical properties of the soil—such as texture (T), bulk density (BD), aggregate stability (AS), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K)—were determined. A factorial analysis of variance was performed (significance level p=0.05). Variables that showed a statistically significant effect were subjected to Tukey's multiple comparison test (significance level p=0.05). Results: Statistically significant differences (p≤0.05) were obtained for OM, P, K, and BD contents. The high OM content present in CM with SV in all years shows a better soil quality compared to CM with RC and AC. The high BD recorded in CM with Pa since 1984 shows soil quality degradation by compaction resulting from grazing due to extensive livestock farming. Study limitations/Implications: Sustainable management practices are required to recover degraded CM. Findings/Conclusions: OM and BD contents were the best quality indicators for the CM affected by the change in agricultural use and time of use in RR, Tabasco

The microRNA landscape of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a keratinocyte-derived skin tumor. It is the second-most-common cancer affecting the Caucasian population and is responsible for >20% of all skin-cancer-related deaths. The estimated incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer in the USA is >1000000 cases per year, of which roughly 20-30% are squamous cell carcinoma. To better understand and treat this challenging cancer, current research focuses on development of novel strategies to improve the understanding of tumor biogenesis on an individual basis. microRNAs are becoming important biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cSCC. This review describes the current knowledge on miRNA expression in cSCC and its role as a biomarker for personalized medicine

Pathophysiology of bone disease in chronic kidney disease : from basics to renal osteodystrophy and osteoporosis

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a highly prevalent disease that has become a public health problem. Progression of CKD is associated with serious complications, including the systemic CKD-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). Laboratory, bone and vascular abnormalities define this condition, and all have been independently related to cardiovascular disease and high mortality rates. The "old" cross-talk between kidney and bone (classically known as "renal osteodystrophies") has been recently expanded to the cardiovascular system, emphasizing the importance of the bone component of CKD-MBD. Moreover, a recently recognized higher susceptibility of patients with CKD to falls and bone fractures led to important paradigm changes in the new CKD-MBD guidelines. Evaluation of bone mineral density and the diagnosis of "osteoporosis" emerges in nephrology as a new possibility "if results will impact clinical decisions". Obviously, it is still reasonable to perform a bone biopsy if knowledge of the type of renal osteodystrophy will be clinically useful (low versus high turnover-bone disease). However, it is now considered that the inability to perform a bone biopsy may not justify withholding antiresorptive therapies to patients with high risk of fracture. This view adds to the effects of parathyroid hormone in CKD patients and the classical treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism. The availability of new antiosteoporotic treatments bring the opportunity to come back to the basics, and the knowledge of new pathophysiological pathways [OPG/RANKL (LGR4); Wnt-ß-catenin pathway], also affected in CKD, offers great opportunities to further unravel the complex physiopathology of CKD-MBD and to improve outcomes