Etude Phytochimique Et De Cytotoxicité De Quelques Plantes Utilisées Dans Le Traitement De La Stérilité Féminine Au Sud-Bénin

The most cited plant drugs during an ethnobotanical survey conducted for traditional healers and resource persons in southern Benin, used in the treatment of female infertility, were the subject of a phytochemical screening. It aims to determine the chemical substances that are conferred on the plants. These chemical substances are the pharmacological properties that are used for the treat of ailment recognized as being the origin of this disease. As a result, we studied the cytotoxicity of each herbal drug. In total, the organs of 17 plant species involved in this study are Aframomum melegueta, Allium cepa, Anchomanes deformants, Baphia nitida, Carissa spinarum, Elaeis guineensis, Garcinia cola, Kigelia africana, Monodora myristica, Morinda lucida, Musa sapientum, Olax subscorpioidea, Piper guineense, Pterocarpus erinaceus, Pupalia lappacea, Tetrapleura tetraptera, Xylopia aethiopica. The results obtained indicate that the richness in phytochemical element is a function of the species. Thus, Aframomum melegueta, Garcinia kola, Monodora myristica, Tetrapleura tetraptera, Xylopia aethiopica, and Anchomanes difformis are rich in catechin and/or gallic tannins, mucilages, reducing compounds, anthocyanins and/or leucoanthocyanins. On the other hand, no drugs is at same time rich in free anthracenics, steroids and / or terpernoids, alkaloids, saponosides, and quinone derivatives. The calculated CL50 values for each of the plant organs are all greater than 0.1 mg / ml. None of them is toxic. However, the non-toxicity of an herbal drug does not mean the same with the multispecies recipe in which it is used. Pharmacological tests of the various recipes used are also of significant importance

Phytochimiques des plantes médicinales utilisées dans la prise en charge des maladies infantiles au SudBénin

In southern Benin, medicinal plants are used for the health care of children aged 0 to 12 years. The present study aims to highlight some medicinal plants used in southern Benin to treat childhood diseases including malaria, candidiasis, teething disorders, infant colic and diarrhea. The phytochemical screening of the leafy stems of the selected plants revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins (gallic and catechic), coumarins, anthocyanins and leuco-anthocyans, quinone derivatives, triterpenoids, steroids, saponosides and reducing sugars. These various metabolites possess various therapeutic properties involved in the treatment of the indicated disorders. This would confirm the therapeutic uses reported by the populations surveyed. However, the evaluation of antimalarial, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities as well as the toxicity test of the aqueous extract of these plants would be necessary

Genetic Divergence in Northern Benin Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is an important staple food crop in northern Benin. In order to assess its diversity in Benin, 142 accessions of landraces collected from Northern Benin were grown in Central Benin and characterised using 10 qualitative and 14 quantitative agromorphological traits. High variability among both qualitative and quantitative traits was observed. Grain yield (0.72–10.57 tons/ha), panicle weight (15–215.95 g), days to 50% flowering (57–200 days), and plant height (153.27–636.5 cm) were among traits that exhibited broader variability. Correlations between quantitative traits were determined. Grain yield for instance exhibited highly positive association with panicle weight (r=0.901, P=0.000) and 100 seed weight (r=0.247, P=0.000). UPGMA cluster analysis classified the 142 accessions into 89 morphotypes. Based on multivariate analysis, twenty promising sorghum genotypes were selected. Among them, AT41, AT14, and AT29 showed early maturity (57 to 66 days to 50% flowering), high grain yields (4.85 to 7.85 tons/ha), and shorter plant height (153.27 to 180.37 cm). The results obtained will help enhancing sorghum production and diversity and developing new varieties that will be better adapted to the current soil and climate conditions in Benin

Évaluation de l’activité antimicrobienne de quatre feuilles utilisées comme emballages dans l’artisanat agroalimentaire au Bénin.

Objectif : Le présent travail vise à évaluer l’activité antimicrobienne des extraits de quatre feuilles (Thalia geniculata, Musa spp, Manihot esculenta et Daniellia oliveri) utilisées comme emballages alimentaires au Bénin.Méthodologie et Résultats : Les extraits aqueux, éthanolique, hydroéthanolique, hexanique et acétate d’éthyle ont été testés sur la croissance in vitro de 10 souches de références par la méthode de diffusion en milieu solide. Les Concentrations Minimales Inhibitrices (CMI) et Bactéricides (CMB) ont été déterminées respectivement par les méthodes de macro-dilution en milieu liquide et ensemencement sur milieu gélosé. Les rendements à l’extraction varient d’une plante à une autre en fonction des solvants utilisés. De même la susceptibilité des souches microbiennes varie d’une espèce à une autre. Globalement les CMI sont élevées, excepté pour D. oliveri qui donné0, 78 mg/ml (E. coli) et 1,56 mg/ml (S. aureus). Par ailleurs, Thaila généticulata présente une CMI de 6, 25 mg/ml sur S. oralis. En général, les extraits présentent une plus forte activité sur les bactéries Gram+ que les Gram-.Conclusion et applications : Les résultats obtenus confirment les observations des productrices des denrées alimentaires qui pensent que Daniellia oliveri et Thalia geniculata utilisées comme emballages alimentaires conservent mieux les aliments au cours de leur stockage. Les extraits de ces plantes peuvent être utilisés comme des agents antimicrobiens pour la conservation des denrées alimentaires emballées. Il est souhaitable que les mêmes travaux se poursuivent sur les autres espèces de plantes identifiées et utilisées dans l’artisanat agroalimentaire en Afrique.Mots-clés : Concentration Minimale Inhibitrice ; Concentration Minimale Bactéricide ; antibiogramme ; Musa spp; Manihot esculenta; Daniellia oliveri; Thalia geniculataABSTRACTObjectives: Plant leaves used as food packaging having thus a protective effect could present an advantage if they have preservative effect on the packaged food. The present work aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of extracts of four species sheets (Thalia geniculata, Musa spp, Daniellia oliveri and Manihot esculenta) used as food packaging.Methodology and results: The research approach was to make the extracts of each of these plants with appropriate solutions. Then, susceptibility testing was performed with the extracts in order to determine the in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of each of the reference strains used (Gram + and Gram -; Yeast and Mould). It appeared that the highest extraction yields are of the order of 20.8% for Manihot esculenta, 11.6% for Daniellia oliveri extract in aqueous medium. The lowest yield was around 0.2% for Musa sp extracted with hexane solution. Overall, the MIC of the test plants were greater than 100 mg / ml, except for Daniellia oliveri has an MIC of 0,78mg/ml and 1.56 mg / ml, respectively E. coli and S.aureus and 3, 12 mg / ml for P. aerpginas. Furthermore, Thaila généticulata has a MIC of 6.25 mg /ml of S. oralis. It shows that among the four species of plants studied, Daniellia oliveri and Thalia geniculata have relatively stronger antimicrobial activities while Musa spp and Manihot esculenta are less active. In general, the extracts have a higher activity on Gram + bacteria.Conclusion and application of findings: The results confirm the observations of food processors who think that Daniellia oliveri and Thalia geniculata used as food packaging preserve better foods during storage. Extract from the investigated plants can be used as biological antimicrobial agent for the long storage of the packaged foods. Future investigation should be performed on other species of plants identified and used as vegetal food packaging in Africa.Keywords : Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ; Minimum bactericidal concentration ; susceptibility; Musa spp; Manihot esculenta; Daniellia oliveri; Thalia geniculat

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Not AvailableSorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is an importance cereal crop which contributes 20 - 25% to food security and poverty alleviation in Benin. However, sorghum production is subject to various constraints. This paper aims to assess the varietal diversity, distribution and extent, the rate of diversity loss and farmers preferential criteria for adopting sorghum varieties in the North-eastern of Benin. Fifteen villages were randomly selected for the study and the data collected based on relevant questionnaire using the tools and methods of participatory research. The results showed maximum of 12 constraints in which climate change (76.34%) was rated by many farmers as the top most problem affecting the sorghum production. Based on vernacular names (local names) and subject to synonymy, medium diversity of sorghum (27 varieties) with a Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H) estimated at 2.46 bits was recorded. The number of varieties per village varied from 1 to 10 with an average of 4 varieties per village. The rate of varieties loss recorded per village varied from 0 to 100% (26.95% on average). At this rate of genetic erosion, local sorghum varieties might be vanished around 2030. There is an urgent need to conserve our valuable sorghum genetic resources through the establishment of National Genebank for Sorghum in Benin. The other reasons opined by the farmers for sorghum diversity loss are the varieties sensibility to poor soils, low productivity, bad quality of dough and tchoukoutou (local drink) and low market value. The most important sorghum varietal cultivation preferred by farmers’ are high productivity, good culinary quality (dough and porridge) and the high market value among the 12 identified criteria. Participatory evaluation showed that few tolerant or resistant varieties for poor soils and striga were recognized. This requires the implementation of a national program for sorghum improvement and breeding to identify high-performance varieties adapted to soil and climatic conditions.Not Availabl