Corroborating what data collected by 9th-12th grade school librarians articulate and validate a successful school library program

Utilizing an experts\u27 consensus from the field of school librarianship of the characteristics of a successful school library program, this study aimed to corroborate what data collected by 9th-12th grade school librarians articulate and validate a successful school library program. Information Power was used as the industry standard for determining the standards of successful school library programs. First; a meta-analysis was done to identify the experts in the field of school librarianship. Second, a Delphi study was used with the experts to corroborate what data needs to be collected by 9th-12th grade school librarians to validate the success of a school library program. By consensus, three data collection techniques were determined to be valid to articulate and validate a successful school library program: library expenditures per full-time equivalent (FTE) student to report sufficient funding; an analysis of lesson plans to report alternative ways for students to achieve SLM program\u27s support of diverse learning styles; and the student outcomes after collaborative lesson planning of lessons with library components are a valid measure that a SLMS is collaborating, modeling, and promoting

Endowment Effects Within Corporate Agency Relationships

Behavioral economics is an increasingly prominent field within corporate law scholarship. A particularly noteworthy behavioral bias is the endowment effect – the observed differential between an individual\u27s willingness to pay to obtain an entitlement and her willingness to accept to part with one. Should endowment effects pervade corporate contexts, they would significantly complicate much common wisdom within business law, such as the presumed optimality of ex ante agreements. Existing research, however, does not adequately address the extent to which people manifest endowment effects within agency relationships. This article presents an experimental test for endowment effects for subjects situated in an agency relationship that typifies many firms. We find that subjects do not exhibit significant endowment effects. An additional experimental test suggests that this finding may be largely due to framing: subjects situated as agents may view entitlements principally in terms of exchange value, thereby dampening endowment

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN MOLASES TERHADAP KUALITAS FISIK DAN KIMIA SILASE KULIT PISANG SEPATU (Mussa paradisiaca formatypica)

EFFECT OF MOLASSES ADDITION ON PHYSICO-CHEMICAL QUALITY OF BANANA PEEL (mussa paradisiaca formatypica) SILAGE. Molasses had been used previously in animal feeds. The present study was conducted to determine physical and chemical composition as affected by the addition of molasses in ensiling process of banana peels. The study was conducted for four weeks at Department of Animal and feed Science Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Sam Ratulangi, Manado. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) arranged by 4x3 factorial with three replications was employed for analysis of varians. The two factors consisted of : A factors (level of molasses addition) were: A0=0%; A1=2%; A2=4%; and A3=6%; and B factors (incubation time) were : B1 = 14 days ; B2 = 21 days; and B3 = 28 days. Tukey’s test was used to analysis treatment differents. Variables measured were : smell, texture, color protein(%) and gross energy (Kcal/kg). The result show that the addition of molasses in ensiling process of banana peels was positively (P0.05) of banana peels silage. The addition of molasses up to 6% with incubation time of 28 days gave an intermediate texture and brown color and these could be a good indication of a good or success ensiling process. The addition of molasses up to 6% with an incubation time of 21 days produced banana peels silage with protein content of 6,77% and addition of molasses up to 4% with incubation time 28 days gave gross energy of 4.390 kcal/kg. It can be concluded that addition of molasses up to 6% with incubation time 21 days produced good quality (physically and Chemically) of banana peels silage. Key words : banana peels, molasses, ensiling process, protein and gross energy content

Laju Pertumbuhan Populasi Brachionus Plicatilis O. F. Muller Dengan Pemberian Kotoran Ayam Kampung (Gallus Varius L.) Dan Ayam Broiler (Gallus Demostica L.) Pada Media Kombinasi Pupuk Urea Dan Tsp

The relationship between growth rate of Brachionus plicatilis O. F. Muller population and feeding that contain addition of local chicken manure (Gallus varius L.) and broiler chicken's (Gallus domestica L.) in urea and triple superphosphat (TSP) was conducted on September 2012 in Animal Systematic Laboratory, Biology Department, Mathematics and Sains Faculty, Sumatera Utara University. This research used complete randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments chicken manure, that is M1 (300 mg/2 L local), M2 (400 mg/2 L local), M3 (300 mg/2 L broiler) and M4 (400/2 L broiler), with 6 times repeated and 8 times observation during 16 days. The result showed that the growth rate of B. plicatilis the highest on medium M4 is 8.492 indx2x10-3xday-1 and have the lowest on the medium M1 is 8.386 indx2x10-3xday-1. These showed that using broiler chicken's manure is better than local chicken's manure

Financial Motivation Undermines Maintenance in an Intensive Diet and Activity Intervention

Financial incentives are widely used in health behavior interventions. However, self-determination theory posits that emphasizing financial incentives can have negative consequences if experienced as controlling. Feeling controlled into performing a behavior tends to reduce enjoyment and undermine maintenance after financial contingencies are removed (the undermining effect). We assessed participants' context-specific financial motivation to participate in the Make Better Choices trial—a trial testing four different strategies for improving four health risk behaviors: low fruit and vegetable intake, high saturated fat intake, low physical activity, and high sedentary screen time. The primary outcome was overall healthy lifestyle change; weight loss was a secondary outcome. Financial incentives were contingent upon meeting behavior goals for 3 weeks and became contingent upon merely providing data during the 4.5-month maintenance period. Financial motivation for participation was assessed at baseline using a 7-item scale (α = .97). Across conditions, a main effect of financial motivation predicted a steeper rate of weight regained during the maintenance period, t(165) = 2.15, P = .04. Furthermore, financial motivation and gender interacted significantly in predicting maintenance of healthy diet and activity changes, t(160) = 2.42, P = .016, such that financial motivation had a more deleterious influence among men. Implications for practice and future research on incentivized lifestyle and weight interventions are discussed