PHOTOIONIZATION OF HYDROGEN MOLECULAR ION BY ULTRASHORT PHOTO-PULSE

The probabilities of photoionization of hydrogen molecular ion by ultrashort laser field were evaluated on base of earlier developed trajectory method120-12

Unstable Asia: active deformation of Siberia revealed by drainage shifts

Regional incision and lateral shifts of rivers in the West Siberian Basin and surrounding areas show the action of long wavelength surface tilting, directed away from the Urals and Central Asian mountains and towards the Siberian Craton. In the north of the basin, surface uplift of individual folds is recorded by local lateral drainage migration. Lateral slopes of river valleys vary in gradient from 0.001 to 0.0001, generally decreasing with increasing river discharge. As a result of this surface deformation significant drainage shifts are taking place in three of the longest and highest discharge river systems on Earth: the Yenisei, Ob' and Irtysh. The deformation is most plausibly caused by subtle faulting at depth, below the thick basin fill of Mesozoic and Lower Cenozoic sediments. Active deformation of western Siberia appears to represent a previously unrecognised, far-field effect of the India–Eurasia collision, up to ∼1500 km north of the limit of major seismicity and mountain building. It adds ∼2.5 × 106 km2 to the region deformed by the collision, which is an area greater than the Himalayas and Tibet combined. It is also an analogue for the formation of low-angle unconformities in terrestrial sedimentary basins on the periphery of other orogenic belts

PHOTOIONIZATION OF HYDROGEN MOLECULAR ION BY ULTRASHORT PHOTO-PULSE

120-120The probabilities of photoionization of hydrogen molecular ion by ultrashort laser field were evaluated on base of earlier developed trajectory metho

Study of BCG Granuloma Macrophage Morphofunctional Status

We studied the morphofunctional and cytophysiological status of macrophages emigrating from BCG granulomas forming in spleen and free splenic macrophages that are not associated with granulomas. The experimental BCG granulomatosis was induced by intravenous injection of male BALB/c mice with BCG vaccine mycobacteria. The number of granulomas in spleen, their diameter, the proportion of granuloma macrophages with mycobacteria, the number of mycobacteria in granuloma macrophages, the proportion of live bacteria in granuloma macrophages and the number of granulomas macrophages capable of expressing IL-1α, TNF-α, GM-CSF were evaluated. BCG granulomas were explanted in cultures in vitro . Fractions, containing free splenic macrophages from BCG-infected animals, were explanted in separate cultures in vitro . The phagocytic activity of macrophages that migrated from BCG granulomas explanted in cultures one month after mycobacterial infection of mice, was much higher than those of splenic macrophages of intact mice. The phagocytic activity of free macrophages and macrophages from granulomas decreased with time after infection. By contrast, the antimycobacterial activity of free splenic macrophages and macrophages from BCG granulomas increased with time after infection. The correlational analysis showed that there are different correlational relationships between the number of granuloma macrophages expressing IL-1α, TNF-α, GM-CSF and phagocytic activity of macrophages from BCG granulomas. The results of the study are important for understanding the molecular and cellularmechanisms of development of chronic granulomatous inflammation induced by mycobacterial infection

Tungsten melting and erosion under plasma heat load in tokamak discharges with disruptions

Full tungsten poloidal and mushroom limiters were tested in series of experiments with disruptions in the T-10 tokamak. Significant melting, formation of small craters and erosion of the tungsten limiter have been observed after ∼400 discharges with disruption. A theoretical description of the tungsten erosion at disruption in tokamak plasma is presented. The proposed model was verified by comparison with experimental observations in the T-10. The results are used for the erosion prediction of the ITER tungsten divertor. Keywords: Fusion reactor materials, Tungsten, Combining heat and particle load, Disruption, Tokamak, ITE