Stigmatising attitude of medical students towards a psychiatry label

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The Opinions of Italian Psychology Students About People Diagnosed with Depression and Schizophrenia: A Comparative Study

This study explored the opinions about depression and schizophrenia among Italian psychology students, and whether students’ opinions changed during education. Of the 705 students who read a description of depression (N = 275) or schizophrenia (N = 430) and then completed a questionnaire on their opinions about the disorder, 490 made a correct diagnosis (depression = 243/275; schizophrenia: 247/430) and were included in the study. Compared to schizophrenia-group students, depression-group students: more frequently mentioned psychosocial factors and less frequently heredity among the causes; were more convinced about the usefulness of psychological therapies and less about pharmacotherapies; had more prognostic optimism; had lower perception of unpredictability and dangerousness. Compared to first-year students, fifth-year students (depression = 105; schizophrenia = 162): in both diagnostic groups more frequently cited heredity among the causes; in depression group, had lower perception of unpredictability; in schizophrenia group, had higher perception of dangerousness and more prognostic pessimism. More education about stigma should be provided to psychology students

Relationship between attempted suicide and Cloninger's personality dimensions of temperament and character in Turkish psychiatric patients

Purpose: Suicidal behavior can be regarded as the consequence of the co-occurence of a personality characteristic underlying vulnerability and of state-dependent psychiatric problems. Further research has shown that personality characteristics including impulsivity and a disturbed regulation of anxiety or aggression may represent risk factors for suicidal behavior. The purpose of this study was to report relationship between attempted suicide and Cloninger's personality dimensions of temperament and character in psychiatric patients. Method: The sample of the study consisted of a sample of 365 female and 179 male adult psychiatric patients, 20.6% (n=112) of whom had recently attempted suicide. Findings: Novelty seeking was a highly significant predictor with high scores observed in patients with and low scores in patients without attempted suicide. Low self-directedness scores were also a substantial predictor of the presence of attempted suicide. Discussion: Temperament dimension novelty seeking appears pertinent to explore suicidality and measurement of character dimensions may be useful in the clinical evaluation of suicide risk

The relationship between depressive mood and personality: Comparison of the Beck depression inventory and the temperament and character inventory [Depresif duygudurum ile kişilik arasindaki i·lişki: Beck depresyon envanteri ile mizaç ve karakter envanteri'nin karşilaştirilmasi]

Objective: The relationships between depressive mood and personality are highly complex. The purpose of the present study was to explore the relations between depressive mood and personality characteristics in the context of Cloninger's seven-factor psychobiological model of personality. Method: More specifically, the present study investigated the relationship between the Temperament and Character Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory in a sample of 147 psychiatric patients with major depressive disorder. Findings: The personality scales Harm Avoidance, Self-Directedness, and Cooperativeness correlated significantly with the BDI scores. Similar correlations were also obtained in the BDI cognitive dimension. Discussion and Conclusion: High "Self-Directedness", high "Cooperativeness", and low "Harm Avoidance" are probably protective factors against the development of depressive mood or a depressive disorder

An examination of the relationships between the psychobiological model of personality and cognitive theory in patients diagnosed with major depression and healthy individuals

PubMed ID: 28046195Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationships among temperament-character traits, dysfunctional attitudes, and automatic thoughts as well as to compare the patient group with a diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and the healthy control group in terms of these variables. Method: 127 patients with a diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder and 128 healthy subjects participated voluntarily in the study. The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS), Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were administered to the participants. Results: It was seen that the patient group had higher harm avoidance as well as lower self-directedness, cooperativeness, and persistence. Moreover, it was seen that the individuals in the patient group had increased frequency of dysfunctional attitudes and automatic thoughts pertaining to depression, when comparing to the control group. In addition, according to the results of the multiple mediating variables analysis, dysfunctional attitudes and automatic thoughts are fully mediated in the relationship between harm avoidance, self-directedness, and depression. Conclusion: This study shows that cognitive theory and the psychobiological personality model may be used together to explain depression. Accordingly, it can be said that harm avoidance and self-directedness are the risk factors for depression. Based upon the results of this research can be use for preventing depression. Moreover, the effectiveness of cognitive psychotherapy for people who have depression can be augmented by taking these temperament and character traits into consideration

EFFECT OF PSYCHIATRIC LABELS ON ATTITUDES TOWARD MENTAL-ILLNESS IN A TURKISH SAMPLE

The influence of specific psychiatric labels and types of psychopathology on various attitudes were investigated in a sample (N = 84) of visitors of patients in a Turkish hospital. Vignettes representing two types of psychopathology with and without labels were used as the stimulus material and the attitudes toward those descriptions were assessed with the use of a questionnaire. Statistical analyses showed that labels had significant influence on recognition of mental illness, social distance, expected physical burden, and perception of treatment necessity. Type of psychopathology significantly influenced recognition of mental illness, social distance, expected physical burden, prognosis, and treatment choice. The results were discussed within the context of previous findings and the need for research pointed out

The influence of temperament and character dimensions on marital satisfaction [Mizaç ve karakter özelliklerinin evlilik doyumu üzerine etkisi]

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to explore the relations between temperament and character dimensions of personality and marital satisfaction. Methods: More specifically, the present study investigated the relationship between the Temperament and Character Inventory and the Dyadic Adjustment Scale in a sample of 55 married couples. Results: The temperament scale reward dependence correlated significantly with the satisfaction, consensus of opinion, and marital adjustment scores. The temperament scale persistence correlated significantly with the attachment score. The temperament scale harm avoidance negatively correlated significantly with the attachment score. The character scale cooperativeness correlated significantly with the satisfaction score. Conclusion: High 'reward dependence' is probably a basic factor in marital satisfaction

The Effects of Early Maladaptive Schemas on Adulthood Relationship Satisfaction

Objective: To assess the extent to which early maladaptive schemas influence the romantic relationship satisfaction established during adulthood. Methods: The individuals who apply to Manisa Metropolitan Municipality Women and Family Counseling Center; it was applied to a total of 100 participants over 17 years old. The participants were applied to Demographic Data Form, Relationship Assessment Scale, and Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form 3. Results: There was no significant difference in gender comparisons between male and female participants in early maladaptive schemas and romantic relationship satisfaction. As a result of the regression analyzes conducted to investigate the relationship between romantic relationship satisfaction level and early maladaptive schemas domains in male participants, romantic relationships were found to be significantly related to “disconnection and rejection schema” and “impaired autonomy and performance schema.” In other words; in male, the level of romantic relationship satisfaction decreases as the development of “disconnection and rejection” in the early maladaptive schemas area increases. When the literature on the subject is examined, it is seen that the results differ, and the studies are conducted on demographically married individuals and university students rather than gender comparisons. Conclusions: With all these, there is limited research about the early maladaptive schemas and romantic relationship satisfaction in Turkey, and it indi-cates that more studies needs to be done in this area. © 2021, Istanbul Universitesi. All rights reserved