CLONING AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF GAG GENE FROM HIV-1 INTO E. COLI DH5A HOST

Considering the worldwide increasing prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, World Health Organization (WHO) has intensified the access to the antiretroviral treatment. In spite of that one of the major issues to eradicate HIV-1 is the persistence of proviral human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) DNA reservoir. Although PCR detects HIV-1 DNA, the diagnosis of early, post exposure HIV infection prior to seroconversion can be achieved by the detection of proviral DNA by RTPCR. In the present study HIV-1 DNA were isolated from patient with HIV and using specific primer designed using Primer 3 plus software for the HIV-1 gag gene. The amplified gene was ligated with T vector and transformed into DH5αcells. The plasmid DNA obtained was then confirmed by restriction digestion and sequence analysis. The sequence was found to be 98% similar to that obtained in GenBank. Further research is required to express the gene to get the protein antigen for the production antibodies or effective vaccine for HIV-1. Considering the worldwide increasing prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, World Health Organization (WHO) has intensified the access to the antiretroviral treatment. In spite of that one of the major issues to eradicate HIV-1 is the persistence of proviral human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) DNA reservoir. Although PCR detects HIV-1 DNA, the diagnosis of early, post exposure HIV infection prior to seroconversion can be achieved by the detection of proviral DNA by RTPCR. In the present study HIV-1 DNA were isolated from patient with HIV and using specific primer designed using Primer 3 plus software for the HIV-1 gag gene. The amplified gene was ligated with T vector and transformed into DH5αcells. The plasmid DNA obtained was then confirmed by restriction digestion and sequence analysis. The sequence was found to be 98% similar to that obtained in GenBank. Further research is required to express the gene to get the protein antigen for the production antibodies or effective vaccine for HIV-1

Nano-Bio Aldehyde system for Leather Manufacture

Content: Development of eco-friendly chemicals from natural renewable resources are widely explored owing to its eco-acceptable and sustainability. Exploring biopolymers is the need of an hour to combat the sustainability in leather processing. Finishing is an imperative step that enhances the aesthetic appeal of the final leathers, in which, protein finishing system is known for its glazing properties. Commonly used cross-linkers as such formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde are restricted owing to biocompatibility issues. However, the use of crosslinker is inevitable for protein finish system. In the present research, nano-bio polyaldehyde (NBP) system is established through selective oxidation of starch; the size of the system is fine-tuned in the nano range for effective and efficient crosslinking through emulsion technique. The architectural design of NBP is ascertained as a good crosslinking agent for leather finishing chemicals from the characterization studies. A particle size of the NBP system found to be in the range of 80-110 nm. The surface properties of NBP treated leathers were characterized by the contact angle. The leather samples showed improved hydrophobicity nature with a contact angle of ~ 126º and also enhanced wet, rub fastness, color fastness, and adhesion strength. The study provides an insight on tunability of known biopolymers for developing sustainable technology. Take-Away: An insight on tunability of known biopolymers for developing sustainable technolog

Recognition of Facial Movements and Hand Gestures Using Surface Electromyogram(sEMG) for HCI Based Applications

This research reports the recognition of facial move-ments during unvoiced speech and the identification of hand gestures using surface Electromyogram (sEMG). The paper proposes two different methods for identifying facial move-ments and hand gestures, which can be useful for provid-ing simple commands and control to computer, an important application of HCI. Experimental results demonstrate that the features of sEMG recordings are suitable for character-ising the muscle activation during unvoiced speech and sub-tle gestures. The scatter plots from the two methods demon-strate the separation of data for each corresponding vowel and each hand gesture. The results indicate that there is small inter-experimental variation but there are large inter-subject variations. This inter-subject variation may be at-tributable to anatomical differences and different speed and style of speaking for the different subjects. The proposed system provides better results when is trained and tested by individual user. The possible applications of this research include giving simple commands to computer for disabled, developing prosthetic hands, use of classifying sEMG for HCI based systems. 1

N-(2,4-Dichloro­phen­yl)-4-methyl­benzene­sulfonamide

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C13H11Cl2NO2S, is bent at the S atom with a C—SO2—NH—C torsion angle of −69.07 (16)°. The sulfonyl and aniline rings are rotated relative to each other by 53.0 (1)°. In the crystal, pairs of N—H⋯O(S) hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into centrosymmetric dimers

4-Chloro-N-(2,3-dimethyl­phen­yl)-2-methyl­benzene­sulfonamide

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C15H16ClNO2S, contains two independent moleules. The conformation of the N—H bonds are anti to the ortho-methyl groups in the sulfonyl benzene rings of both the mol­ecules, while the N—H bonds are anti to the ortho- and meta-methyl groups in the aniline ring of one of the mol­ecules and syn in the other. Furthermore, the torsion angles of the C—SO2—NH—C segments in the two mol­ecules of are −66.8 (3) and 70.3 (3)°. The sulfonyl and the aniline benzene rings are oriented at angles of 44.1 (1) and 39.7 (1)° in the two mol­ecules. In the crystal, pairs of N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into dimers

A new multicompartmental reaction-diffusion modeling method links transient membrane attachment of E. coli MinE to E-ring formation

Many important cellular processes are regulated by reaction-diffusion (RD) of molecules that takes place both in the cytoplasm and on the membrane. To model and analyze such multicompartmental processes, we developed a lattice-based Monte Carlo method, Spatiocyte that supports RD in volume and surface compartments at single molecule resolution. Stochasticity in RD and the excluded volume effect brought by intracellular molecular crowding, both of which can significantly affect RD and thus, cellular processes, are also supported. We verified the method by comparing simulation results of diffusion, irreversible and reversible reactions with the predicted analytical and best available numerical solutions. Moreover, to directly compare the localization patterns of molecules in fluorescence microscopy images with simulation, we devised a visualization method that mimics the microphotography process by showing the trajectory of simulated molecules averaged according to the camera exposure time. In the rod-shaped bacterium _Escherichia coli_, the division site is suppressed at the cell poles by periodic pole-to-pole oscillations of the Min proteins (MinC, MinD and MinE) arising from carefully orchestrated RD in both cytoplasm and membrane compartments. Using Spatiocyte we could model and reproduce the _in vivo_ MinDE localization dynamics by accounting for the established properties of MinE. Our results suggest that the MinE ring, which is essential in preventing polar septation, is largely composed of MinE that is transiently attached to the membrane independently after recruited by MinD. Overall, Spatiocyte allows simulation and visualization of complex spatial and reaction-diffusion mediated cellular processes in volumes and surfaces. As we showed, it can potentially provide mechanistic insights otherwise difficult to obtain experimentally

Oral Pathobiont Activates Anti-Apoptotic Pathway, Promoting both Immune Suppression and Oncogenic Cell Proliferation.

Chronic periodontitis (CP) is a microbial dysbiotic disease linked to increased risk of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). To address the underlying mechanisms, mouse and human cell infection models and human biopsy samples were employed. We show that the \u27keystone\u27 pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis, disrupts immune surveillance by generating myeloid-derived dendritic suppressor cells (MDDSCs) from monocytes. MDDSCs inhibit CTLs and induce FOXP3 +