A wider view of assessments of ecosystem services in coastal areas : the perspective of social-ecological complexity

This research was carried out under the framework of POLICLIMA project (CSO2016-76842-C2-1-R). The first author was supported by a PhD grant (FI-2017) from the Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris. The second author was supported by Ramón y Cajal contract (RYC-2013-13392) from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad.Through complex interactions and feedback processes between coastal ecological and social components at different temporal and spatial scales, coastal environments coproduce a range of ecosystem services (ES) and benefit different social groups. In these highly populated areas, multiple actors, interests, and activities coexist, leading to intensified conflicts between stakeholders. The research presented here aims to understand how coastal social-ecological complexity is studied within coastal ES literature. A systematic review of the literature consisting of 199 manuscripts was performed using the PRISMA method (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). The results show that coastal ES research has been focused on understanding ecological processes for ES provision and value. Hence, coastal ES studies fall short of considering the social components and social-ecological interactions of coastal systems: ES flows, demand, coproduction, power relations, institutions and governance, temporal and spatial scales, value pluralism, uncertainty, and human well-being multidimensions and distribution. The partial integration of social-ecological complexity within coastal ES research limits coastal ES management because nonlinear interactions among social and ecological components are not well understood, particularly stakeholders' relations, their roles, and the links to ES. Finally, we propose a conceptual framework that integrates the gaps identified during the review. The framework places coproduction and power relations as the core factors of assessments of coastal ES, as means to understand complex, nonlinear social-ecological interactions and feedback processes. Hence, it also provides necessary tools to address normative issues of coastal management such as control, access, trade-offs, and benefits

Problemáticas, oportunidades y desafíos de la Agricultura Deltaica Periurbana en el contexto del Cambio Climático

La agricultura es considerada una actividad vulnerable al cambio climático debido a su dependencia a los recursos naturales. Adicionalmente, la agricultura que se desarrolla en zonas periurbanas y deltaicas presenta importantes desafíos para la gestión de sus recursos hídricos, a causa de las problemáticas ambientales que surgen en estos contextos y que podrían agravarse con la subida del nivel del mar. A partir de un estudio de caso, el Parque Agrario del Baix Llobregat, esta investigación analiza los principales riesgos y oportunidades de la Agricultura Deltaica Periurbana frente al Cambio Climático relacionado con la subida del nivel del mar.L'agricultura és considerada una activitat vulnerable al canvi climàtic a causa de la seva dependència dels recursos naturals. Addicionalment, l'agricultura que es desenvolupa en zones periurbanes i deltaiques presenta importants desafiaments par a la gestió hídrica per raó de las problemàtiques ambientals que sorgeixen d'aquests contextos, les quals podrien engrevir-se amb la pujada del nivell del mar. A partir d'un estudi de cas, el Parc Agrari del Baix Llobregat, aquesta investigació analitza els riscos i oportunitats principals l'agricultura deltaica periurbana front al canvi climàtic relacionats amb la pujada del nivell del mar

A wider view of assessments of ecosystem services in coastal areas : the perspective of social-ecological complexity

This research was carried out under the framework of POLICLIMA project (CSO2016-76842-C2-1-R). The first author was supported by a PhD grant (FI-2017) from the Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris. The second author was supported by Ramón y Cajal contract (RYC-2013-13392) from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad.Through complex interactions and feedback processes between coastal ecological and social components at different temporal and spatial scales, coastal environments coproduce a range of ecosystem services (ES) and benefit different social groups. In these highly populated areas, multiple actors, interests, and activities coexist, leading to intensified conflicts between stakeholders. The research presented here aims to understand how coastal social-ecological complexity is studied within coastal ES literature. A systematic review of the literature consisting of 199 manuscripts was performed using the PRISMA method (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). The results show that coastal ES research has been focused on understanding ecological processes for ES provision and value. Hence, coastal ES studies fall short of considering the social components and social-ecological interactions of coastal systems: ES flows, demand, coproduction, power relations, institutions and governance, temporal and spatial scales, value pluralism, uncertainty, and human well-being multidimensions and distribution. The partial integration of social-ecological complexity within coastal ES research limits coastal ES management because nonlinear interactions among social and ecological components are not well understood, particularly stakeholders' relations, their roles, and the links to ES. Finally, we propose a conceptual framework that integrates the gaps identified during the review. The framework places coproduction and power relations as the core factors of assessments of coastal ES, as means to understand complex, nonlinear social-ecological interactions and feedback processes. Hence, it also provides necessary tools to address normative issues of coastal management such as control, access, trade-offs, and benefits

Desposesión simbólica de la pesca artesanal : las limitaciones de las políticas de sostenibilidad en Chile entre 1974 y 2021

La crisis de las capturas pesqueras que afecta a las comunidades artesanales es un fenómeno complejo causado por transformaciones climáticas, cambios en el comportamiento de los océanos y la sobreexplotación pesquera. La gestión pesquera sostenible extendida en las últimas décadas en muchos países ha cambiado la gestión de los recursos a partir de la regulación de la sobreexplotación y el establecimiento de un nuevo modelo de desarrollo de la pesca. A partir del estudio de dos localidades pesqueras de Chile y a través de una metodología cualitativa y enfoque sistémico se analizan los procesos de desposesión en los últimos cuarenta años. Se concluye que además de la desposesión biofísica sobre las comunidades pesqueras tradicionales, se produce un proceso de desposesión inmaterial y simbólico sobre la pesca artesanal acentuado por el modelo neoliberal, que afecta la capacidad local, obstruyendo un proyecto económico alternativo vinculado al territorio.La crisi de les captures pesqueres que afecta les comunitats artesanals és un fenomen complex causat per transformacions climàtiques, canvis en el comportament dels oceans i la sobreexplotació pesquera. La gestió pesquera sostenible estesa, a les darreres dècades, a molts països ha canviat la gestió dels recursos a partir de la regulació de la sobreexplotació i l'establiment d'un nou de desenvolupament de la pesca. A partir de l'estudi de dues localitats pesqueres de Xile i a través d'una metodologia qualitativa i enfoc sistèmic, s'analitzen els processos de despossessió dels darrers quaranta anys. Es conclou que, a més de la despossessió biofísica sobre les comunitats pesqueres tradicionals, es produeix un procés de despossessió immaterial i simbòlic sobre la pesca artesanal accentuat pel model neoliberal, que afecta la capacitat local, obstruint un projecte econòmic alternatiu vinculat al territori.The worldwide crises of the fisheries that affects artisanal fishing communities is a complex phenomenon caused by climate change, ocean change and overfishing Sustainable fisheries management implemented in recent decades in many countries changed fisheries management by regulating overexploitation and assuming a new model of fisheries development. The present study carried out in two fishing towns in Chile through a qualitative methodology and a systemic approach, researched the processes of affectation and dispossession in the last forty years. It is concluded that in addition to the biophysical dispossession of traditional fishing communities, there is a process of immaterial and symbolic dispossession of artisanal fishing accentuated by the neoliberal model, which affects local capacity, obstructing an alternative local economic project linked to the territory

Coevolutionary decoupling in artisanal fisher communities : A temporal perspective from Chile

The relationship between the exploitation and scarcity of fishery resources is a complex phenomenon that has been broadly examined by studies on fishing sustainability, the governance of the commons and ecology. This study furthers this line of inquiry using a systemic coevolutionary approach that enables the time perspective to be used to examine the negative effects on artisanal fishing. Through a qualitative methodology, document analysis and ethnographic approach, the research into the coevolution of artisanal fishing in Chile enables us to identify how the negative effects on the fishing communities are the outcome of the gradual increase in the decoupling of local socioecological systems which started in the mid-twentieth century and accelerated within the context of neoliberal capitalism. In this process, the value systems, knowledge, organisation, environment and technology change their ability to integrate with each other, leading to mismatches via successive multiple feedback incidents. From a temporal coupling-decoupling vantage point, a path of analysis opens up to understand the negative effects of the capitalist economic development in traditional fishing communities in the global South

Unattended gap in local adaptation plans : the quality of vulnerability knowledge in climate risk management

A risk-based management approach to climate change is dominant in local adaptation plans integrating climate-science data with place-based vulnerability assessments. While the former has a regional character and uncertainty is approached by means of probabilities and confidence, the latter is context-specific, relies on local knowledge and uncertainty is barely assessed. The objective of this paper is to highlight the relevance of uncertainty analysis in the vulnerability assessment of local adaptation plans by enhancing the Knowledge Quality Assessment tool. This analytical proposal differs from technical uncertainty analysis because it addresses both the social context and the process of knowledge production. Next, the advanced uncertainty dimensions have been applied in the vulnerability assessment used in two Mediterranean adaptation plans. Findings show that institutional arrangements and the role of intermediate parties (contextual dimension) shape the knowledge used, produced, and reproduced (substantive dimension) and hamper community-engaged assessments (procedural dimension). Resulting vulnerability representations, which are poorly grounded on context-sensitive knowledge, compromise the relevance of risk-assessment outputs and local agency in adaptation governance. The present research contributes to the academic study of plans evaluation and of the adaptation science-governance interface at the local scale

Problemáticas, oportunidades y desafíos de la Agricultura Deltaica Periurbana en el contexto del Cambio Climático

La agricultura es considerada una actividad vulnerable al cambio climático debido a su dependencia a los recursos naturales. Adicionalmente, la agricultura que se desarrolla en zonas periurbanas y deltaicas presenta importantes desafíos para la gestión de sus recursos hídricos, a causa de las problemáticas ambientales que surgen en estos contextos y que podrían agravarse con la subida del nivel del mar. A partir de un estudio de caso, el Parque Agrario del Baix Llobregat, esta investigación analiza los principales riesgos y oportunidades de la Agricultura Deltaica Periurbana frente al Cambio Climático relacionado con la subida del nivel del mar.L'agricultura és considerada una activitat vulnerable al canvi climàtic a causa de la seva dependència dels recursos naturals. Addicionalment, l'agricultura que es desenvolupa en zones periurbanes i deltaiques presenta importants desafiaments par a la gestió hídrica per raó de las problemàtiques ambientals que sorgeixen d'aquests contextos, les quals podrien engrevir-se amb la pujada del nivell del mar. A partir d'un estudi de cas, el Parc Agrari del Baix Llobregat, aquesta investigació analitza els riscos i oportunitats principals l'agricultura deltaica periurbana front al canvi climàtic relacionats amb la pujada del nivell del mar

Exploring social media as a tool for disentangling cultural ecosystem service values of whale-watching to inform environmental judgements and ethics : the case of Húsavík, Iceland

Published online: 30 Jan 2024This explorative study contributes to developing methods using social media data and social network theory in tourism studies to unravel cultural ecosystem values. Focused on the case of an emblematic village for whale-watching activity, Húsavík, in Skjálfandi Bay, Iceland, this study explores the cultural ecosystem service values of individuals as expressed through social media (TripAdvisor and Instagram) related to the practice of whale-watching. The aim is to document the cultural ecosystem service values and environmental judgements which provide information that could be used in future marine planning efforts. For this, 650 TripAdvisor entries posted between 2019 and 2021 were analysed, together with 100 images posted on Instagram between 2021 and 2022. The Social Network Analysis enabled visualization of the interconnected hashtag networks underscoring human-nature interactions. Instead of environmental and conservation values, the results show that they relate to 'ocular consumption' and 'aesthetic consumption'. The lack of conservation values, cultural heritage values, or even spiritual values is likely a reflection of the Instagram and TripAdvisor platforms. We conclude that social media data should always be complementary to narrative and qualitative data

Mobilitat activa en entorns metropolitans : Bases per al planejament i gestió de la mobilitat activa a la Ribera Baixa

Projecte troncal del curs 2023/24 del Màster Universitari en Estudis Territorials i Planejament, METiPEl document s'estructura en quatre capítols més un apèndix. El primer capítol comprèn la Memòria on s'hi pot trobar el Reconeixement Territorial i socioeconòmic i la Diagnosi. El segon capítol comprèn les Debilitats, Fortaleses, Amenaces i Oportunitats de cada dimensió de la política integral de la mobilitat en l'àmbit d'estudi. El tercer capítol es dedica a l'establiment dels Criteris que hauran de guiar les polítiques de mobilitat activa. En el quart i darrer capítol es presenten les Propostes i Projectes de cada dimensió per al territori de la Ribera Baixa. Finalment a l'apèndix hi trobareu el quadernet de treball de camp amb la planificació detallada de l'exercici troncal i els pòsters amb el recull dels principals resultats de l'exercici