Glyburide inhibits the bone resorption induced by traumatic occlusion in rats.

To examine whether glyburide inhibits bone destruction caused by traumatic occlusion in a rat occlusal trauma model.Excessive mechanical stress, such as traumatic occlusion, induces expression of IL-1β and may be involved in bone resorption. NLRP3 inflammasomes have been linked to IL-1β expression, but it is currently unclear whether glyburide, the inhibiter of NLRP3 inflammasome, suppresses occlusal trauma in rats.Male SD rats aged 7 weeks were used. In the trauma group, the occlusal surface of the maxillary first right molar was raised by attaching a metal wire to apply occlusal trauma to the mandibular first right molar. In the trauma + glyburide group, the NLRP3 inhibitor glyburide was administered orally every 24 hours from 1 day before induction of occlusal trauma. Rats were euthanized after 5 or 10 days, and the maxillary first molars were harvested with the adjacent tissues for histopathological investigation. Immunohistochemical expression of IL-1β, NLRP3, and RANKL was also assessed.On day 5, bone resorption was significantly greater in the trauma group compared with the control group or the trauma + glyburide group, and there were significantly higher numbers of osteoclasts and cells positive for IL-1β, NLRP3, and RANKL in the trauma group.In this study, glyburide inhibits bone resorption by traumatic occlusion in rats. It suggests that the NLRP3/IL-1β pathway might be associated with bone resorption induced by traumatic occlusion.福岡歯科大学2019年

Peptidylarginine deiminase is involved in maintaining the cornified oral mucosa of rats.

Epithelial cells derived from different regions exhibit marked differences in their differentiation capacity, allowing them to provide a suitable protective barrier. We aimed to clarify the role of peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) in modifying the key epidermal proteins filaggrin (FLG) and keratin 1 (K1) during stratification of the rat palate and buccal mucosa.We performed immunofluorescence, immunoblotting, PAD activity assays and 2-dimensional electrophoresis, and developed an organotypic culture model.PAD1 expression was highest in the palate, whereas PAD2, PAD3 and PAD4 expression was highest in the skin, suggesting the tissue-specific expression of PAD isozymes that leads to differences in calcium dependency. Immunoblotting showed that the FLG monomer, as well as its degradation products and precursor (proFLG), were most abundantly expressed in the skin but had low expression in the palate, whereas only faint proFLG expression was detected in the buccal mucosa. FLG and K1 were colocalized with PAD1 and were likely to be citrullinated in the cornified layers of the skin; this colocalization was not detected on the palatal surface, and dot-like presence of proFLG that might be citrullinated and that of PAD1 were found in the granules of the palate. Organotypic models derived from the rat palate revealed that PAD inhibition reduced the breakdown of FLG, increased its association with K1 together with epithelial compaction, and decreased permeability in a dye permeability assay. Conversely, PAD stimulation had the opposite effects.Citrullination is likely a protein modification that plays an important role in maintaining the structure and function of oral cornified mucosa in a way that is distinctly different from that of the skin.福岡歯科大学2018年

Surfactant-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis of Water-Dispersible Hafnium Oxide Nanoparticles in Highly Alkaline Media

Hafnium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized via a short-duration (10 min) hydrothermal reaction. The reaction was found to produce three differently shaped nanoparticles: flower-like nanostructures (20 nm diameter), polycrystalline nanoagglomerates (25 nm diameter), and water-dispersible single nanoparticles (4 nm diameter). The mechanisms by which these different shapes form were then investigated by examining the effects of precursor alkalinity and the presence of an organic capping agent. The synthesized water-dispersible nanoparticles showed a very high affinity for water-soluble polymers, thus demonstrating their potential for fabrication of transparent nanocomposite films

Human action sensing for proactive human interface: Computer vision approach

In this paper, we discuss human action sensing for proactive human interface. Proactive human interface is an idea of advanced interface based on perceptual user interface, and provides easy and natural interaction between humans and systems based on observing human activity through many modalities including visual, audio, tactile information etc. “Proactive” here means that a system understands a human’s intention and that reduces tiresome interactions by planning the interactions based on the acquired intention. In this paper, as a first step, we present human action sensing based on a computer vision approach. Vision-based approaches have a strong merit that any physical restrictions are not imposed on humans, and provide a natural way of measuring human activity

Construction of Symbolic Representation from Human Motion Information

Proceedings of International Conference of Knowledge-based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems : 10th International Conference, KES 2006, Bournemouth, UK, October 9-11, 2006In general, avatar-based communication has a merit that it can represent non-verbal information. The simplest way of representing the non-verbal information is to capture the human action/motion by a motion capture system and to visualize the received motion data through the avatar. However, transferring raw motion data often makes the avatar motion unnatural or unrealistic because the body structure of the avatar is usually a bit different from that of the human beings. We think this can be solved by transferring the meaning of motion, instead of the raw motion data, and by properly visualizing the meaning depending on characteristics of the avatar’s function and body structure. Here, the key issue is how to symbolize the motion meanings. Particularly, the problem is what kind of motions we should symbolize. In this paper, we introduce an algorithm to decide the symbols to be recognized referring to accumulated communication data, i.e., motion data

Human action sensing for proactive human interface: Computer vision approach

In this paper, we discuss human action sensing for proactive human interface. Proactive human interface is an idea of advanced interface based on perceptual user interface, and provides easy and natural interaction between humans and systems based on observing human activity through many modalities including visual, audio, tactile information etc. “Proactive” here means that a system understands a human’s intention and that reduces tiresome interactions by planning the interactions based on the acquired intention. In this paper, as a first step, we present human action sensing based on a computer vision approach. Vision-based approaches have a strong merit that any physical restrictions are not imposed on humans, and provide a natural way of measuring human activity