Karakteristik Perbedaan Antara E-commerce (Ec) Dengan E- Government (Eg), Dan Penerapan Paradigma Ec Pada Eg Dengan Pendekatan Empiris

S---Lebih dari satu dekade bahwa aplikasi EC dan EG telah memberikan dampak besar pada beberapa sektor, baik sektor swasta maupun masyarakat. Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK) pada EC lebih berhasil dibandingkan dengan pemanfaatan TIK pada pemerintahan dalam hal ini EG. Keberhasilan EC inilah yang akan digunakan oleh pemerintahan untuk menerapkan paradigm EC ke dalam EG, dengan mengadopsi konsep, proses, dan teknologi yang diterapkan pada bisnis. Kajian ini dilakukan secara komperatif terhadap dua fenomena EC dan EG. Pada makalah ini dibahas secara empiris mengenai karakteristik persamaan dan perbedaan antara EC dan EG, serta paradigma kekuatan dan kelemahan pada EC untuk diterapkan pada EG. Fenomena antara EC dan EG memiliki banyak persamaan, tetapi pada prinsipnya meliliki perbedaan secara mendasar terkait mengenai peran bisnis dengan pemerintah

Using a fuzzy inference system to control a pumped storage hydro plant

The paper discusses the development of a fuzzy inference system (FIS) based governor control for a pumped storage hydroelectric plant. The First Hydro Company's plant at Dinorwig in North Wales is the largest of its kind in Europe and is mainly used for frequency control of the UK electrical grid. In previous investigations, a detailed model of the plant was developed using MATLAB(R)/SIMULINK(R) and this is now being used to compare FIS governor operation with the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller currently used. The paper describes the development of an FIS governor, and shows that its response to a step increase in load is superior to the PID under certain conditions of load. The paper proceeds to discuss the implications of these results in view of the possible practical application of an FIS governor at the Dinorwig plant

A Mononuclear and a Mixed-Valence Chain Polymer Arising from Copper(II) Halide Chemistry and the Use of 2,2′-Pyridil

Reactions of 2,2′-pyridil (pyCOCOpy) with CuCl2 · 2H2O and CuBr2 in EtOH yielded the mononuclear complex [Cu(pyCOOEt)2Cl2] · H2O (1) and the one-dimensional, mixed-valence complex [Cu2ICuII(pyCOOEt)2Br4]n (2), respectively. Both complexes crystallize in the triclinic space group P 1¯. The lattice constants are a = 8.382(2), b = 9.778(2), c = 7.814(2), α = 101.17(1), β = 114.55(1), γ = 94.14(1)° for 1 and a = 8.738(1), b = 9.375(2), c = 7.966(1), α = 79.09(1), β = 64.25(1), γ = 81.78(1)° for 2. 2,2′-pyridil undergoes a metal-assisted alcoholysis and oxidation leading to decomposition and yielding the ethyl picolinate (pyCOOEt) ligand. The autoredox process associated with the reduction of copper(II) to copper(I) in the case of complex 2 is discussed in terms of the increased redox activity of the copper(II) bromide system relative to the copper(II) chloride system

Closed-Form Density of States and Localization Length for a Non-Hermitian Disordered System

We calculate the Lyapunov exponent for the non-Hermitian Zakharov-Shabat eigenvalue problem corresponding to the attractive non-linear Schroedinger equation with a Gaussian random pulse as initial value function. Using an extension of the Thouless formula to non-Hermitian random operators, we calculate the corresponding average density of states. We analyze two cases, one with circularly symmetric complex Gaussian pulses and the other with real Gaussian pulses. We discuss the implications in the context of the information transmission through non-linear optical fibers.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figur

Influence of the disorder on tracer dispersion in a flow channel

Tracer dispersion is studied experimentally in periodic or disordered arrays of beads in a capillary tube. Dispersion is measured from light absorption variations near the outlet following a steplike injection of dye at the inlet. Visualizations using dye and pure glycerol are also performed in similar geometries. Taylor dispersion is dominant both in an empty tube and for a periodic array of beads: the dispersivity $l\_d$ increases with the P\'eclet number $Pe$ respectively as $Pe$ and $Pe^{0.82}$ and is larger by a factor of 8 in the second case. In a disordered packing of smaller beads (1/3 of the tube diameter) geometrical dispersion associated to the disorder of the flow field is dominant with a constant value of $l\_d$ reached at high P\'eclet numbers. The minimum dispersivity is slightly higher than in homogeneous nonconsolidated packings of small grains, likely due heterogeneities resulting from wall effects. In a disordered packing with the same beads as in the periodic configuration, $l\_d$ is up to 20 times lower than in the latter and varies as $Pe^\alpha$ with $\alpha = 0.5$ or $= 0.69$ (depending on the fluid viscosity). A simple model accounting for this latter result is suggested.Comment: available online at http://www.edpsciences.org/journal/index.cfm?edpsname=epjap&niv1=contents&niv2=archive

Motives of contributing personal data for health research:(non-)participation in a Dutch biobank

BACKGROUND: Large-scale, centralized data repositories are playing a critical and unprecedented role in fostering innovative health research, leading to new opportunities as well as dilemmas for the medical sciences. Uncovering the reasons as to why citizens do or do not contribute to such repositories, for example, to population-based biobanks, is therefore crucial. We investigated and compared the views of existing participants and non-participants on contributing to large-scale, centralized health research data repositories with those of ex-participants regarding the decision to end their participation. This comparison could yield new insights into motives of participation and non-participation, in particular the behavioural change of withdrawal. METHODS: We conducted 36 in-depth interviews with ex-participants, participants, and non-participants of a three-generation, population-based biobank in the Netherlands. The interviews focused on the respondents' decision-making processes relating to their participation in a large-scale, centralized repository for health research data. RESULTS: The decision of participants and non-participants to contribute to the biobank was motivated by a desire to help others. Whereas participants perceived only benefits relating to their participation and were unconcerned about potential risks, non-participants and ex-participants raised concerns about the threat of large-scale, centralized public data repositories and public institutes, such as social exclusion or commercialization. Our analysis of ex-participants' perceptions suggests that intrapersonal characteristics, such as levels of trust in society, participation conceived as a social norm, and basic societal values account for differences between participants and non-participants. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate the fluidity of motives centring on helping others in decisions to participate in large-scale, centralized health research data repositories. Efforts to improve participation should focus on enhancing the trustworthiness of such data repositories and developing layered strategies for communication with participants and with the public. Accordingly, personalized approaches for recruiting participants and transmitting information along with appropriate regulatory frameworks are required, which have important implications for current data management and informed consent procedures

Comparison of monsoon variations over groundwater hydrochemistry changes in small Tropical Island and its repercussion on quality

Study on the spatial and temporal distribution of groundwater hydrochemistry in the small tropical islands is important as their insular character may expose the groundwater aquifer to too many sources of pollution, especially salinization. A total of 216 groundwater samples were collected from the monitoring boreholes during two different monsoon seasons; pre- and post-monsoon. As overall, data of groundwater concentration illustrated a trend of Ca > Na > Mg > K and HCO3 > Cl > SO4 dominations with the major finding of two different groundwater types. Pre-monsoon reported Na-HCO3 and Ca-HCO3 types while post-monsoon were only dominated by the Ca-HCO3 type. The statistical analysis shows the in situ parameters (Temp, pH, EC, Salinity, DO, TDS and Eh) and major ions (Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO3, Cl and SO4) were strongly correlated with the monsoon changes (p < 0.01). From the analysis, its reveals that the seasonal changes have significantly affects the groundwater composition. While, the analytical calculations of the ionic ratio (Na vs. Cl; Cl/HCO3 vs. Cl; Ca + Mg vs. SO4 + HCO3) describes the groundwater is influenced by the cation exchanges processes, simple mixing and water–rock interaction. Saturation indices of carbonate minerals shows strong correlationship (p < 0.01) with Ca constituent indicating solubility on minerals, which led to dissolution or precipitation condition of water. Results of present study contribute to a better understanding of a complex groundwater system and the hydrochemical processes related