Determination Of In Vitro And In Vivo Production Of Polygalacturonase (pg) By Storage mold Aspergillus Niger V. Tieghem, During Storage Of Rice ( Oryzae Sativa L) Seeds

The in vitro and in vivo production of pectic enzyme polygalacturonase (PG) by storage mold of rice Aspergillus niger and the effect of temperature and pH on the activity of the mold were investigated. The result of the assay for the production of polygalacturonase (PG) by the mold in vitro and in vivo showed that the activity of the enzyme when tested viscometrically, using 10% pectin was 142.9 R.V.U (Relative viscometric units) at 25\ub0C. The optimum activity of the enzyme secreted in vitro by Aspergillus niger was obtained at a temperature of 25 \ub0C, and at temperature of 25 \ub0C and 30 \ub0C for that secreted in vivo., with a value of 142.9 R. V.U. The least activity of the enzyme was obtained at 20 \ub0C, 40 \ub0C, 45 \ub0C and 50 \ub0C in vitro, and at 20 \ub0C ,45 \ub0C and 50 \ub0C with a value of 111.1 R.V.U each. The optimum activity of the enzyme produced in vitro by the fungus obtained at pH 5 and 6 with a value of 125R.V.U, and at pH 5 with a value of 142.9 R .V. U. in vivo. The activity of the enzyme was least at pH 2, 3, 4, 7,8, 9 and 10 in vitro, and at pH 2,3,8,9 and 10. in vivo with a value of 111.1 R. V. U

In vitro Seed-dressing Technique for the Control of Seed-borne Fungi of Rice variety Faro -29

Use of seed-dressing fungicides (Bavistin, Benlate, Fernasan-D, Apron Plus 50 DS and Dithane\u2013 M45), and soaking and slurry methods at various concentrations, for the control of seed-borne fungi of rice variety Faro 29 in vitro, was investigated. The results obtained showed that all the fungicides significantly inhibited the seed-borne fungi associated with the seeds of the variety at concentrations of 40g/ml, and 50mg/ml (P<0.05), in the soaking method, and at all the concentrations in the slurry method (P<0.05).The mean percentage seed germination , was not below 71%,at all the concentrations in the two methods used . The relevance of this work to the production of rice and food security in Nigeria is discussed

In vitro Seed-dressing Technique for the Control of Seed-borne Fungi of Rice variety Faro -29

Use of seed-dressing fungicides (Bavistin, Benlate, Fernasan-D, Apron Plus 50 DS and Dithane– M45), and soaking and slurry methods at various concentrations, for the control of seed-borne fungi of rice variety Faro 29 in vitro, was investigated. The results obtained showed that all the fungicides significantly inhibited the seed-borne fungi associated with the seeds of the variety at concentrations of 40g/ml, and 50mg/ml (P<0.05), in the soaking method, and at all the concentrations in the slurry method (P<0.05).The mean percentage seed germination , was not below 71%,at all the concentrations in the two methods used . The relevance of this work to the production of rice and food security in Nigeria is discussed

To which world regions does the valence–dominance model of social perception apply?

Abstract: Over the past 10 years, Oosterhof and Todorov’s valence–dominance model has emerged as the most prominent account of how people evaluate faces on social dimensions. In this model, two dimensions (valence and dominance) underpin social judgements of faces. Because this model has primarily been developed and tested in Western regions, it is unclear whether these findings apply to other regions. We addressed this question by replicating Oosterhof and Todorov’s methodology across 11 world regions, 41 countries and 11,570 participants. When we used Oosterhof and Todorov’s original analysis strategy, the valence–dominance model generalized across regions. When we used an alternative methodology to allow for correlated dimensions, we observed much less generalization. Collectively, these results suggest that, while the valence–dominance model generalizes very well across regions when dimensions are forced to be orthogonal, regional differences are revealed when we use different extraction methods and correlate and rotate the dimension reduction solution. Protocol registration: The stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 5 November 2018. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7611443.v1. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited