Cobb-Douglas Based Firm Production Model under Fuzzy Environment and its Solution using Geometric Programming

In this paper, we consider Cobb-Douglas production function based model in a firm under fuzzy environment, and its solution technique by making use of geometric programming. A firm may use many finite inputs such as labour, capital, coal, iron etc. to produce one single output. It is well known that the primary intention of using production function is to determine maximum output for any given combination of inputs. Also, the firm may gain competitive advantages if it can buy and sell in any quantities at exogenously given prices, independent of initial production decisions. On the other hand, in reality, constraints and/or objective functions in an optimization model may not be crisp quantities. These are usually imprecise in nature and are better represented by using fuzzy sets. Again, geometric programming has many advantages over other optimization techniques. In this paper, Cobb-Douglas production function based models are solved by applying geometric programming technique under fuzzy environment. Illustrative numerical examples further demonstrates the feasibility and efficiency of proposed model under fuzzy environment. Conclusions are drawn at last

Optimization of EOQ Model with Limited Storage Capacity by Neutrosophic Geometric Programming

In this article, we present deterministic single objective economic order quantity model with limited storage capacity in neutrosophic environment. We consider variable limit production cost and time dependent holding cost into account. Here we minimize total average cost of proposed model by applying neutrosophic geometric programming, which is obtained by extending existing fuzzy and intuitionistic fuzzy geometric programming for solving resultant non-linear optimization model. Next we consider numerical application to show that optimal solution obtained by neutrosophic geometric programming is more desirable than that of crisp, fuzzy and intuitionistic fuzzy geometric programming. Also we perform sensitivity analysis of parameters and present key managerial insights

Climate change awareness among the livestock rearers of east coast of India

The phenomenon of global climate change is directly affecting the livestock production system world overall. Therefore, understanding the changing climatic scenario by the millions of resource poor livestock rearers across the east coast of India found to be imperative to get information for strategic planning to improve the livelihoods of rural people. But, systematic methodology to assess climatic change awareness among the livestock rearers is currently not available. Therefore, a psychometric scale entitled “Climate Change Awareness Scale” was developed and applied among the randomly selected 480 livestock rearers of eastern coastal region of India. Results reflected majority of the population exhibit their strong level of awareness towards changing climatic scenario in general and particularly towards broad spectrum of climate change like causes, features, effects and impacts. It was also found that 37.188% of livestock rearers of coastal region were having higher level of awareness followed by 31.973% and 30.839% were having lower and medium level of awareness. Comparisons of state of awareness with the factual climatic data validated farmers’ claim and established the authenticity of the psychometric tool. Hence, this study will provide a significant tool for researchers and policy makers to assess state of climate change awareness among the end users and to develop appropriate adaptation strategies to minimize the risk of livestock sector to climate change

Optimization of generalized order-level inventory system under fully permissible delay in payment

This article presents one generalized order-level inventory system with fully permissible delay in payment in various trade-credit intervals. Review of existing literature finds few EOQ models under simultaneous considerations of time-dependent generalized demand rate, time-dependent generalized rate of deterioration and time-dependent generalized backordering under fully permissible delay in payment. In those existing studies, the optimal inventory depletion time is independent of demand over the entire cycle. Here, present article frames one generalized order-level inventory system with fully permissible delay in payment across various trade-credit intervals. This finds that when the trade-credit period is longer than the inventory depletion time to settle the account, the optimal inventory depletion time is dependent of demand. Under this ambiance, one particular case having time-dependent ramp type demand rate, two variables time-dependent Weibull distribution rate of deterioration and time-dependent backordering rate with fully permissible delay in payment, finds that the optimal inventory depletion time varies inversely over demand in that period. Moreover, the proposed model shrinks to obtain many well-established EOQ models as the special cases to it. Next, a general algorithm determines the various optimal solutions corresponding to seven cases. The managerial insights extracted from sensitivity analysis of parameters include the suggestion to halt the promotional activities so as to foreshorten the demand in shortage period. Also, this analysis attests that the longer waiting period of retailers should be counterbalanced with various promotional activities and anticipated benefits

Children\u27s Preference in Adjudicated Custody Decisions

Historically, courts usually paid little attention to the child\u27s wishes in deciding which parent should have custody upon divorce. Today, statutes in many states direct courts to consider the child\u27s preference, often as one among several factors that guide decisionmaking. With some exceptions, the law gives only general guidance and does not specify under what circumstances and to what extent the child\u27s desire should affect the decision. Little is known about how important this factor is, what variables influence the weight accorded the child\u27s preference, or how courts obtain and evaluate evidence about the child\u27s wishes. This Article began as a straightforward empirical study of the way in which courts in one state involve children in proceedings to decide their custody when their parents divorce. We were interested in how judges obtained information about children\u27s preferences as well as judicial perceptions about the children\u27s responses. We also wanted to learn about the extent to which judges considered the child\u27s preference in deciding custody suits and the factors that influenced this calculation

Adapting to climate change: Traditional coping mechanism followed by the <i>Brokpa </i>pastoral nomads of Arunachal Pradesh, India

752-761Transhumance system of livelihood of the Brokpa pastoral nomads inhabiting in the yak tracts of Arunachal Pradesh with special emphasis on climate change adaptation was assessed in the present study. A representative sample of the 240 Brokpa pastoral nomads from all the yak rearing tracts of Arunachal Pradesh was selected randomly. The Brokpa pastoral nomads mainly depend upon livestock, like yak, yak-cattle hybrid etc, rearing for their livelihood. They perceived that season cycle has been changed in lower and mid altitude. They also perceived that onset of summer is getting started 1-2 month(s) earlier than before and also extended by 2-3 months. Therefore, Brokpa pastoral nomads of Arunachal Pradesh have expanded their migration duration by 2-3 months in searching of congenial environment for their livestock specially yak and yak-cattle hybrid. They adopted 10 coping mechanisms to cope up with negative impact of climate change. Among the coping mechanisms, ‘duration of migration has expanded by 2-3 months’ and ‘change in pasture utilization practice’ were found to be mostly adopted