Prevention and management of postoperative endophthalmitis: A case-based approach

Endophthalmitis following intraocular surgery is a disastrous complication and can lead to poor visual outcomes and loss of globe integrity. It should be differentiated from toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS) where management differs drastically. This article presents basic knowledge about postoperative endophthalmitis and describes nine different real–world scenarios ranging from TASS to milder forms of endophthalmitis responding to intravitreal antibiotics alone and more complicated forms associated with corneal involvement, fungal endophthalmitis and cases requiring intraocular lens removal, radical vitrectomy with hyaloid peeling, base dissection, and silicone oil. A case-based approach is followed where practical considerations have been adopted with each case such that it facilitates the readers' ability to apply theoretical knowledge to real-life clinical situations

One day wonder: Fast resolution of macular edema following intravitreal ranibizumab in retinal venous occlusions

Macular edema is a significant cause of vision loss in patients with central retinal vein occlusions and branch retinal vein occlusions. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) appears to be a key factor in the pathogenesis of this disease. Anti-VEGF therapy, such as intravitreal ranibizumab provides an effective treatment against vision-threatening macular edema. We report three patients of retinal vein occlusion with macular edema who demonstrated overnight resolution of macular edema following treatment with intravitreal ranibizumab (0.5 mg). 3D optical coherence tomography (Optovue) was used as a tool for comparison of the macular thickness before and after treatment. The significant reductions in the central foveal thickness demonstrated in these patients one night after intravitreal injections could have significant influence on modifying current treatment protocols. Early treatment of macular edema related to retinal venous occlusive disease with anti-VEGF injections could result in faster visual rehabilitation in these patients

Modified transscleral external drainage of subretinal fluid in high bullous exudative retinal detachment due to Coats' disease

Surgical management of advanced coats' disease has always been a challenge to a surgeon. Various different techniques have been tried. With the advancement in surgical instruments and machines, surgeons are now modifying older surgical techniques. We have tried a novel minimally invasive surgical technique for the management of advanced coats' disease patient having high bullous exudative retinal detachment. Intravitreal injection of Bevacizumab at the end of the surgery has a role in such cases

Ternary iron(II) complexes of phenanthroline bases showing DNA binding and cleavage activity

Ternary iron(II) complexes $[Fe(L1)B](PF_6)_2$ (1-3), where $L^1$ is formed from $FeCl_3$ mediated cyclization of N,N'-(2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl)bis(pyridine-2-aldimine) $(L^2)$ and B is a phenanthroline base, viz. 1,10-phenanthroline (phen, 1), dipyrido[3,2-d:2¢,3¢-f]quinoxaline (dpq, 2) and dipyrido[3,2-a:2¢,3¢-c]phenazine (dppz, 3), are synthesized and complex 1 is structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. The diamagnetic iron(II) complexes with $L^1$ and B showing respective tetradentate and bidentate chelating modes in a $FeN_6$ coordination geometry exhibit two metal-centered visible electronic bands near 520 and 570 nm in MeCN. The complexes bind to calf thymus DNA giving an order: phen (1) < dpq (2) < dppz (3). Control DNA cleavage experiments using supercoiled (SC) pUC19 DNA and distamycin-A suggest major groove binding for the dppz and minor groove binding for the other complexes. The redox active complexes cleave SC DNA to its nicked circular (NC) form with $H_2O_2$ involving hydroxyl radical as the cleavage active species. The complexes show photo-induced DNA cleavage activity at UV light of 365 nm (12 W) in bsence of $H_2O_2$ via singlet oxygen $(^1O_2)$ mechanism. Complexes 2 and 3 having respective photoactive dpq and dppz ligands show relatively poor DNA cleavage activity at visible light

Ternary iron(II) complexes of phenanthroline bases showing DNA binding and cleavage activity

Ternary iron(II) complexes [Fe(L1)B](PF6)2 (1-3), where L1 is formed from FeCl3 mediated cyclization of N,N'-(2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl)bis(pyridine-2-aldimine) (L2) and B is a phenanthroline base, viz. 1,10-phenanthroline (phen, 1), dipyrido[3,2-d:2¢,3¢-f]quinoxaline (dpq, 2) and dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (dppz, 3), are synthesized and complex 1 is structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. The diamagnetic iron(II) complexes with L1 and B showing respective tetradentate and bidentate chelating modes in a FeN6 coordination geometry exhibit two metal-centered visible electronic bands near 520 and 570 nm in MeCN. The complexes bind to calf thymus DNA giving an order: phen (1) &lt; dpq (2) &lt; dppz (3). Control DNA cleavage experiments using supercoiled (SC) pUC19 DNA and distamycin-A suggest major groove binding for the dppz and minor groove binding for the other complexes. The redox active complexes cleave SC DNA to its nicked circular (NC) form with H2O2 involving hydroxyl radical as the cleavage active species. The complexes show photo-induced DNA cleavage activity at UV light of 365 nm (12 W) in absence of H2O2 via singlet oxygen (1O2) mechanism. Complexes 2 and 3 having respective photoactive dpq and dppz ligands show relatively poor DNA cleavage activity at visible light

Survey data on heterogeneity in consumers’ food choice in eastern India

A consumer survey was conducted in eastern India in 2017 to understand the heterogeneity of consumers’ food choice. Face-to-face interviews were conducted among urban and rural consumers from low- and middle-income households in Odisha and West Bengal, eastern India, using a structured questionnaire. A multi-stage sampling procedure was implemented with stratified random sampling as the first stage and systematic sampling as the second stage. The survey data comprise responses from 501 respondents who have active involvement in grocery purchase decision-making and/or in meal planning or cooking for the household. The survey generated a dataset that was used to unravel five sources of heterogeneity (5Ws) in gastronomic systems that affect consumers' diets: (i) socioeconomic characteristics of the target population (who); (ii) food environments (where); (iii) eating occasions (when); (iv) consumed dishes (what); and (v) ingredient attributes and consumer attitudes towards food (why). The approach and analyses are elaborated in the article “Unraveling heterogeneity of consumers’ food choice: Implications for nutrition interventions in eastern India”. Data from the survey can be further used to design behavioral experiments and interactive food choice tablet applications to elicit behavioral intentions in food choice