Perilaku Simbolis Santri Dalam Praktik Keagamaan Di Pesantren Daarut Tauhid Bandung

Dulu, orang malu-malu menggunakan simbol-simbol “santri”. Sekarang, pemakaian jilbab, pakaian koko, gamis, peci, surban, menjadi satu identitas diri. Perubahan trend “santrinisasi“ ini sangat menarik jika diamati lewat pendekatan komunikasi. Lewat teori interaksi simbolik,yang dirangkai dalam suatu proses komunikasi antarpersona, maka kehadiran simbol—verbal dan nonverbal— ini menjadi semakin kental terlihat dalam setiap interaksi santri di Pesantren Daarut Tauhid Bandung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Objek penelitian ini adalah simbol dan perilaku keagamaan yang digunakan dan ditafsirkan para santri. Untuk mendapatkan data, digunakan observasi berperanserta, wawancara takerstruktur, dan penggunaan dokumentasi. Informan penelitian ini adalah santri perempuan yang dipilih secara purposif pada tiga kriteria santri, yakni santri karya, santri mukim, dan santri beasiswa. Penelitian ini menemukan simbol verbal dan nonverbal keagamaan, meliputi slogan-slogan dan ekspresi nonverbal dalam perilaku santri yang ramah, sopan, santun, penuh persaudaraan, kebersamaan, bersih, muhasabah dan berpakaian muslimah. Simbol keagamaan digunakan santri dengan mengacu pada konsep manajemen qalbu. Santri ber-riyadhah menggunakan simbol untuk mencapai pribadi yang berakhlaq mulia. Dari temuan yang ada, peneliti memunculkan tiga kategori perilaku beragama santri: kategori kesalehan individual, kesalehan sosial, dan perilaku MQ. Dari ketiga kategori kesalehan ini, ditemukan bahwa santri masih dalam kategori kesalehan individual sambil bergerak ke arah kesalehan sosial dan perilaku MQ

The Face of Urban Poverty Explaining the Prevalence of Slums in Developing Countries

One of the most visible and enduring manifestations of urban poverty in developing countries is the formation and proliferation of slums. While attention has focused on the rapid pace of urbanization as the sole or major factor explaining the proliferation of slums and squatter settlements in developing countries, there are other factors whose impacts are not known with much degree of certainty. It is also not clear how the effects of these factors vary across regions of the developing world. This paper accounts for differences in the prevalence of slums among developing countries using data drawn from the recent global assessment of slums undertaken by the United Nations Human Settlements Programme. The empirical analysis identifies substantial inter-country variations in the incidence of slums both within and across the regions of Africa, Asia as well as, Latin America and the Caribbean. Further analysis indicates that higher GDPurban poverty, slums, developing countries, inter-country differences

Pengaruh Konsentrasi Kultur dan Prebiotik Ubi Jalar terhadap Sifat Sari Jagung Manis Probiotik

Sweet corn extract with the addition of lactic acid bacteria can improve its function as probiotic drinks. Sweet potato as a prebiotic is expected to increase the activity of lactic acid bacteria probiotic sweet corn extract. The use of culture in the making of sweet corn extract probiotics will affect the character of the product. The purpose of this study were: (1) to study the effect of culture concentration on characteristics of probiotic sweet corn extract; (2) to study the effect of red sweet potato extract on characteristics of probiotic sweet corn extract; and (3) to determine the best treatment combination between the culture and the concentration of red sweet potato extract in the production of probiotic sweet corn extract; and comparing commercial in the market. Research using a completely randomized design (CRD) with research factor is the concentration of the culture (2, 3, 4, and 5 %) and red sweet potato extract (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 %). The results showed that the more the concentration of the culture is added, the number of lactic acid bacteria, total acid and viscosity increase; while pH, total dissolved solids, fat and protein concentration decreased. The more sweet potato extract is added, the total dissolved solids and viscosity increased; while the levels of protein and fat decreases. The best treatment combination was at a concentration of 4 % culture and 15 % sweet potato extract. The products have a pH of 3.88, a viscosity of 261.5 cP, lactic acid levels of 0.87 %, 0.05 % fat content, total dissolved solids 19.10 oBrix, and 3.23 % of total protein. Yoghurt is compliant SNI standard yoghurt, except for protein content was lower at 3.23 (SNI according to at least 3.5)

Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Nigerian Foods: Medical Importance and Comparison of Their Bacteriocins Activities

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a group of Gram-positive, non-spore forming, cocci or rods, which produce lactic acid as the major end product during the fermentation of carbohydrates. The genera Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, and Streptococcus are important members of this group. The taxonomy of lactic acid bacteria has been based on the Gram reaction and the production of lactic acid from various fermentable carbohydrates.The classification of lactic acid bacteria into different genera is largely based on morphology, mode of glucose fermentation, growth at different temperatures, and configuration of the lactic acid produced, ability to grow at high salt concentrations, and acid or alkaline tolerance. Based on sugar fermentation patterns, LAB are classified into homofermenters and heterofermenters. Lactic acid bacteria have been used in the treatment of infections and in the production of foods, especially fermented foods (such as yoghurt, Cheese, etc.) because they can produce several compounds that contribute to taste, smell, color, and texture of the foods. In addition, they can produce antimicrobial substances including bacteriocins. LAB have the ability to inhibit pathogenic and food spoilage bacteria. The bacteriocins synthesized by different lactic acid bacteria inhibited the growth of the test organisms used and this was observed through the production of  zones of inhibition on the plates. Keywords: Generally regarded as save (GRAS), bacteriocin, MRS agar, nisin, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), heterofermenter, homofermenters, Bifidobacterium, acidophiline, bulgarica

RENCANA PENGEMBANGAN SEKOLAH DI SMA PGRI 1 KASIHAN KECAMATAN KASIHAN KABUPATEN BANTUL

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: tahapan penyusunan rencana pengembangan sekolah di SMA PGRI 1 Kasihan Kecamatan Kasihan Kabupaten Bantul. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif.Dengan menggunakan teknik dan alat pengumpul data melalui wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Waktu dan tempat penelitian pada November- Desember 2012, kemudian penelitian kembali pada Desember 2014- Januari 2015 bertempat di Jl. Sonosewu Kasihan Bantul. Subjek penelitiannya yaitu Kepala Sekolah, Guru, dan KepalaTata Usaha. Untuk menjaga kredibilitas penelitian maka peneliti melakukan perpanjangan penelitian pada November-Desember 2014 dan Januari 2015. Dalam menyusun rencana pengembangan sekolah, SMA PGRI 1 Kasihan Kecamatan Kasihan Kabupaten Bantul menggunakan beberapa tahapan. Sementarda untuk indeks indikatornya adalah meliputi visi misi sekolah, tujuan pengembangan, tantangan nyata, sasaran pengembangan, identifikasi fungsi sekolah, analisis SWOT, identifikasi alternatif, rencanadan program terpilih. Dari tahapan yang dilakukan maka ditemukan beberapa faktor kesenjangan. Diantara faktor kesenjangan tersebut, faktor paling dominan terletak pada fungsi sumberdaya manusia yaitu guru sebagai pendidik. Dalam menghadapi faktor dominan tersebut maka SMA PGRI 1 Kasihan Kecamatan Kasihan Kabupaten Bantul menetapkan rencana pengembangan sekolah dalam upaya meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia melalui optimalisasi Musyawarah Guru Mata Pelajaran atau MGMP

Evaluation of chemical composition of the leaves of Ocimum gratissimum and Vernonia amygdalina

The leaves of Ocimum gratissimum and Vernonia amygdalina were analyzed for their chemical composition, minerals and vitamins. The results obtained from the analysis of the two plants were compared. The results revealed the presence of bioactive constituents comprising alkaloids (1.90 to 2.68 mg/100 g), tannins (0.04 to 0.07 mg/100g), saponins (0.06 to 2.94 mg/100 g), flavonoids (1.88 to 2.98 mg/100 g) and phenols (0.03 to 0.07 mg/100g). These plants contained ascorbic acid (241.06 to 310.62 mg/100 g), niacin (0.29 to 0.80 mg/100 g), riboflavin (0.08 to 0.09 mg/100 g) and thiamine (0.03 to 0.08 mg/100 g). These plants are good sources of minerals such as Ca, P, K, Mg, Na, Fe and Zn. The importance of these chemical constituents with respect to their roles in ethnomedicine in Nigeria was also discussed.Keywords: Bioactive compounds, Ocimum gratissimum, Vernonia amygdalin

UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA MELALUI MEDIA GAMBAR REALITA YANG MENARIK PADA SISWA KELAS 1 SDN TONDOMULYO KEC.JAKENAN

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan membaca siswa pada mata pelajaran tematik dengan menggunakan gambar realita pada kelas I SD Negeri Tondomulyo Kec.Jakenan Kab. Pati. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Subjeknya adalah siswa kelas I SD Negeri Tondomulyo Kec.Jakenan Kab. Pati yang berjumlah 13 siswa. Desain PTK menggunakan model Kemmis dan Taggart yang meliputi perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, serta refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, tes, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan statistik deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan persentase hasil membaca, hal ini dapat dilihat dari ketuntasan KKM siswa dari kegiatan pra tindakan dan setiap siklus, yaitu pada pra tindakan diperoleh hasil belajar membaca dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar 61 dengan presentase 15%, pada siklus I diperoleh hasil belajar membaca dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar 68 dengan presentase sebesar 46%, sedangkan pada siklus II diperoleh hasil belajar membaca dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar 84 dengan presentase 92%. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan media gambar realita berbantukan powerpoint dalam pembelajaran Tematik dapat meningkatkan kemampuan membaca siswa

Sentimentality or speculation? Diaspora investment, crisis economies and urban transformation

This article explores political and moral economies of diasporic investment in urban property. It challenges uncritical policy discourses on migrant investment that romanticise transnational family and entrepreneurial networks by assuming diasporic social embeddedness, mutual trust, risk-reduction and socio-economic benefits, often founded in neo-liberal assumptions. The article elaborates alternate starting propositions emphasising the conflicting interests and predatory business practices that characterise informalised state governance and episodes of crisis. It stresses the importance of understanding changing regulatory regimes over finance and urban property. Migrants’ desires need to be scrutinised in relation to those of a range of other actors who cannot be assumed to have convergent interests – including relatives, investment advisors, money transfer companies, estate agents, property developers. The article takes the case of hyperinflationary Zimbabwe, where remittances from the displaced middle classes not only provided essential familial support, but were also materialised in urban real estate, contributing to inflated property prices and a residential construction boom in the capital city. Diasporic investors were vulnerable to fraud due to the combination of effects of fantasies of successful return to dream homes and irregular regimes for remittances and property. But there were notable speculative opportunities for those with government connections. New diaspora suburbs and homes that have transformed the landscape of the Harare periphery stand as material testimony to the intersection of emigré sentimentality and the speculative informalised economy of the crisis years

An assessment of the levels of phthalate esters and metals in the Muledane open dump, Thohoyandou, Limpopo Province, South Africa

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>This work reports the determination of the levels of phthalate esters (dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), diethyl hexyl phthalate (DEHP)) and metals (lead, cadmium, manganese, zinc, iron, calcium) in composite soil samples. The soil samples were collected randomly within the Muledane open dump, Thohoyandou, Limpopo province, South Africa. Control samples were collected about 200 m away from the open dump. The phthalate esters were separated and determined by capillary gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector, whilst the metals were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Open dump values for the phthalate esters and metals to be generally higher in comparison to control samples for DMP, DEP, DBP and DEHP – the mean values calculated were 0.31 ± 0.12, 0.21 ± 0.05, 0.30 ± 0.07, and 0.03 ± 0.01 mg/kg, respectively, for the open dump soil samples. Nonetheless, the mean open dump values for lead, cadmium, manganese, zinc, iron and calcium were 0.07 ± 0.04, 0.003 ± 0.001, 5.02 ± 1.92, 0.31 ± 0.02, 11.62 ± 9.48 and 0.12 ± 0.13 mg/kg, respectively. The results were compared statistically.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results revealed that the discarding of wastes into the open dump is a potential source of soil contamination in the immediate vicinity and beyond, <it>via </it>dispersal. Increased levels of phthalate esters and metals in the soil pose a risk to public health, plants and animals. Sustained monitoring of these contaminants is recommended, in addition to upgrading the facility to a landfill.</p