Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pengguna Jasa Angkutan Kota Di Palu

Angkutan merupakan sarana untuk memindahkan barang atau orang dari suatu tempat ke tempat lain yang dikehendaki, atau mengirim barang dari tempat asal ke tempat tujuan. Angkutan terdiri dari angkutan orang dengan kendaraan bermotor seperti sepeda motor, mobil penumpang, maupun tak bermotor dan angkutan barang. Dilihat dari kepemilikannya angkutan dibedakan menjadi angkutan pribadi dan Angkutan kota. Angkutan kota sebagai sarana angkutan untuk masyarakat kecil dan menengah dapat melaksanakan kegiatannya sesuai dengan tugas dan fungsinya dalam masyarakat. Pengguna Angkutan kota ini bervariasi, mulai dari buruh, ibu rumah tangga, mahasiswa, pelajar, dan lain-lain. Rumusan masalah yang dibahas adalah : Pertama Bagaimana perlindungan hukum terhadap penumpang angkutan kota di kota palu ? Kedua Bagaimana upaya hukum yang dapat dilakukan oleh penumpang jika terjadi kerugian yang diakibatkan oleh kesalahan pengangkut. Tujuan Penulisan ini dilakukan oleh penulis agar dapat menyajikan data yang akurat sehingga dapat memberi manfaat dan mampu menyelesaikan masalah. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka penelitian mempunyai tujuan sebagai berikut : Pertama Untuk mengetahui perlindungan hukum terhadap penumpang Angkutan kota. Kedua Untuk mengetahui upaya hukum yang dapat dilakukan oleh penumpang akibat kesalahan dari pengangkut. Adapun Pengumpulan data dalam studi kasus ini menggunakan kajian yuridis normatif dan yuridis empiris. Kesimpulan yang dapat disajikan dalam penelitian ini adalah :Pertama Perlindungan hukum terhadap pengguna Jasa Angkutan Kota (Angkot) di Kota Palu sangat diperlukan dalam menjamin keselamatan penumpang itu sendiri sehingga tercipta perasaan aman dan tentram dalam menggunakan jasa Angkutan kota yang ada di Kota Palu. Kedua Menurut Peraturan Daerah Kota Palu mengenai lalulintas dan angkutan jalan diancam pidana kurungan paling lama 6 bulan atau denda paling banyak 4 kali jumlah retribusi terutang. Undang-undang Nomor 22 Tahun 2009 tentang Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan Jalan mengatur tentang Ketentuan Pidana yang dapat menyebabkan Angkutan Kota yang melakukan pelanggaran terhadap Kenyamanan penumpang dapat dihukum sesuai dengan peraturan yang berlaku

Jokowi’s Populism, Wealth and Local Democracy in Solo City

The making of populism in Surakarta city had almost been a tale. Mayor Jokowi was supposedly a humble, confident and broadened minded leader. Humble, that he was a person who had the willingness to listen to inputs from citizen. Confident, in a sense that he had necessary capacities to decide policies contrasting to others who often trapped in hesitance causing good policies hooked in their drawers. And broadened minded that he was open to new ideas. He was in his time people believed a potential transformative leader in Solo. This paper answers a question Why and how populism in Solo did contribute to some extent to democratic transformation, and what are challenges? It is not prepared to repeat the tale, rather written to provide a critical interpretation that populism is not shaped original from the populist’s kitchen, but from power relation dynamics with democracy actors. An interpretative analysis finds that vital part of Mayor Jokowi’s programmatic politics resulted from negotiation with CSOs and local fora. Despite CSO’s influence, there were two challenges left. They are populism that had gained its champion and some ironies so-called discrepancy and poverty. Connecting the two, this paper argues that alternative actor presence had been influential in democratic space but not strong enough that it could spur to linking populist programmatic politics to a better life for the poor. A space to facilitate democratic actors work together again is about an imperative to make democracy again on the march at Solo city.   Keywords: CSOs, Democratic transformation, Life of the lowers, Populism, Programmatic politics

Status Perjanjian Nuklir antara Iran dengan E3/eu+3(Jerman, Perancis, Inggris, China, Rusia, Amerika Serikat, dan Uni Eropa) yang Disahkan Dk Pbb Ditinjau dari Hukum Internasional

Alfian Syahri* Dr. Jelly Leviza , S.H, M.Hum ** Arif, S.H., M.Hum*** ABSTRACT International treaties are part of International law. International agreements can be made between countries and countries with International Organizations or between International organizations with International organizations. On July 14, 2015 an agreement was reached between Iran and the E3 / EU + 3 (China, France, Germany, Russia, Britain and the United States, as well as the EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy) of the agreement JCPOA (Joint Comprehensive Plant of Action), but then ratified the UN Security Council. How an agreement can be passed back when I have reached an agreement. And whether they have in accordance with the provisions of International law. This is the background of this research. The problem in this research is how setting restrictions on the use of nuclear in various International agreements in force today, how the status of nuclear agreement between Iran and the E3 / EU + 3 (Germany, France, Britain, China, Russia, the United States and the European Union) that ratified the UN Security Council in terms of International law, how the sanctions of law arising in the event of violations of the nuclear agreement between Iran and the E3 / EU + 3 (Germany, France, Britain, China, Russia, the United States and the European Union) adopted the UN Security Council to be reviewed of International law. The method used normative, meaning that the study refers to the rule of law. Normative juridical research is legal research literature, by collecting data in the literature study (library research) relating to the Status of Nuclear Agreement Between Iran and the E3 / EU + 3 endorsed the UNSC Seen From the International Law. The conclusion of this research to develop a nuclear state but only for peaceful purposes is not to create nuclear weapons and prohibited to conduct testing of nuclear weapons. Regarding the agreement between Iran and the E3 / EU + 3 was legal under International law because it has fulfilled the elements of the agreement say it is valid. Regarding sanctions adopted earlier by the UN Security Council, European Union, and the United States will be revoked if Iran meets the requirements made in JCPOA although if Iran violates the provisions which have been agreed in JCPOA that the sanctions that have been prevailing against Iran will be re-done , Conversely, if the parties have not removed the sanctions Iran entitled to a stay of nuclear manage without the prescribed limit as contained in the JCPOA. Keyword : Perjanjian Internasional, JCPOA, Iran, Nuclear *) Mahasiswa Fakultas Hukum **) Dosen Pembimbing I ***) Dosen Pembimbing II Alfian Syahri* Dr. Jelly Leviza , S.H, M.Hum ** Arif, S.H., M.Hum*** ABSTRAK Perjanjian Internasional merupakan bagian dari hukum Internasional. Perjanjian Internasional dapat dibuat antar negara maupun negara dengan Organisasi Internasional ataupun antara organisasi Internasional dengan organisasi Internasional. Pada tanggal 14 Juli 2015 dicapai kesepakatan antara Iran dengan E3/EU+3 (China, Prancis, Jerman, Rusia, Inggris and Amerika Serikat, serta Perwakilan Tinggi Uni Eropa untuk Urusan Luar Negeri dan Kebijakan Keamanan) tentang perjanjian JCPOA (Joint Comprehensive Plant of Action), namun kemudian disahkan DK PBB. Bagaimana suatu perjanjian dapat disahkan kembali padahal telah dicapainya kesepakatan. Serta apakah telah sesuai dengan ketentuan hukum Internasional. Hal tersebut yang melatarbelakangi dilakukan penelitian ini. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana pengaturan pembatasan penggunaan nuklir dalam berbagai perjanjian Internasional yang berlaku saat ini, bagaimana status perjanjian nuklir antara Iran dengan E3/EU+3 (Jerman, Perancis, Inggris, China, Rusia, Amerika Serikat, dan Uni Eropa) yang disahkan DK PBB ditinjau dari hukum Internasional, bagaimana sanksi hukum yang timbul bila terjadi pelanggaran terhadap perjanjian nuklir antara Iran dengan E3/EU+3(Jerman, Perancis, Inggris, China, Rusia, Amerika Serikat, dan Uni Eropa) yang disahkan DK PBB ditinjau dari hukum Internasional. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yuridis normatif, artinya penelitian mengacu pada norma hukum. Penelitian yuridis normatif adalah penelitian hukum kepustakaan, dengan melakukan pengumpulan data secara studi pustaka (library research) yang berkaitan dengan Status Perjanjian Nuklir Antara Iran dengan E3/EU+3 yang disahkan DK PBB Ditinjau Dari Hukum Internasional. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini negara dapat mengembangkan nuklir tetapi hanya untuk tujuan damai tidak untuk membuat senjata nuklir serta dilarang untuk melakukan percobaan senjata nuklir. Mengenai perjanjian antara Iran dengan E3/EU+3 adalah sah menurut hukum Internasional karena telah memenuhi unsur-unsur dikatakan perjanjian itu sah. Mengenai sanksi yang diterapkan sebelumnya oleh DK PBB, Uni Eropa, dan Amerika Serikat akan dicabut apabila Iran memenuhi persyaratan yang dibuat didalam JCPOA tersebut, namun apabila Iran melanggar ketetapan-ketetapan yang telah disepakati didalam JCPOA tersebut maka sanksi yang pernah berlaku terhadap Iran akan kembali dilakukan. Sebaliknya jika pihak-pihak tersebut belum mencabut sanksinya Iran berhak tetap pada pendiriannya mengelola nuklir tanpa batas yang ditentukan seperti yang ada didalam JCPOA tersebut

Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia Terhadap Tahanan Teroris Dalam Program Penahanan Dan Interogasi Cia (Central Intelligence Agency)

Ashari Maulana Reza Siregar* Dr. Chairul Bariah S.H., M.Hum.** Arif S.H., M.H.*** Human rights being one important things and essential containing a set of minimum standards and procedural rules related relationship between humans applied in all aspects of human life. But, human rights abuses always happen from time to time, both light and heavy, such as terrorism which has killed many lives. The threat of terrorism make many parties launched efforts to fight it, as one conducted by the United States through Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) by making Detention and Interrogations Program towards terrorist prisoners. But, the implementation of the program loaded with forms human rights abuses was done with the prisoners. On the basis of the violations we need to an academic study against it, one of which is through this paper. As for writing this paper used juridical normative approaching with putting the laws relating to the substance as centre for the study of and descriptive methods intended to present all the data relating to the substance. Data used in this writing is secondary data which is the data obtained from the library such as a legal instrument, book, internet, and others where the data collected by doing library research from various sources. In conclusion, in general human rights is important and essential thing and recognized universally, including in Indonesia, as evidenced by many legal instrument associated to human rights had produced and accepted by many countries. But, still there is threat of human rights such as terrorism, and in this case the United States through the CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) to fight terrorism, one of them is through Detention and Interrogations Program towards terrorists prisoners aims to detect and crack down on terrorism. But, the program would be controversy as of human rights abuses of terrorist prisoners occurs during the CIA's implementation of Detention and Interrogation Program, such as torture and inhuman treatment to other terrorist detainees, where the violation clearly had violated various legal instrument of human rights that require the responsibility from the involved parties

Tinjauan Yuridis Atas Upaya Reformasi Dewan Keamanan Perserikatan Bangsa-bangsa dalam Menciptakan Tatanan Negara-negara di Dunia yang Berdaulat, Damai, dan Adil

The UN Security Council is one of United Nations organization that has important role among the other organizations because there is a special right given to the five members of the UN Security Council called a ‘veto'. But over time and based on the age development with the complexity of global issue, there are many countries who have opinion that the UN Security Council is not suitable to the present global situation and condition. For a number of years now, there have been calls for the Security Council to be modified, modernized, and reformed. To date there exist multiple proposals on how to reform the Security Council and have been submitted to the UN General Assembly for approval. But the reform of the United Nations Security Council has not yet success because there are obstacles that disturb the reform process of the UN Security Council. This article would like to discuss about the reform of the United Nations Security Council and what the reason of the reform, and what the obstacles to the reform of the United Nations Security Council and what the law provision on reforming the United Nations Security Council. In order to support the discussion and analysis of the aforementioned issue, this research applies normative law approach and descriptive study as research method. The data is collected from library research and analyzed by qualitative study

Tinjauan Hukum Internasional Terhadap Reklamasi Pulau-pulau Yang Dipersengketakan Di Laut China Selatan Oleh Republik Rakyat Tiongkok

Agung Wahyudi Pamungkas* Suhaidi** Arif*** South China Sea if viewed of its geographic location is an area that has economic value, both political and strategic for countries bordering the South China Sea or not.South China Sea has a very important role as a trade and distribution of oil.In addition, the South China Sea also known as the vital shipping lanes and is one of the busiest International shipping lanes in the world.Based on geographical location can also be seen that the South China Sea is an semi enclosed sea because it is surrounded by some countries.Such conditions are frequent causes of disputes or conflicts in the South China Sea.One of the disputes and conflicts are disputes or conflicts related to reclamation actions undertaken by the People's Republic of China on the disputed islands in the South China Sea region. As for the issue is how the status and position of the South China Sea in accordance with International maritime law, how the act of reclaiming the islands disputed South China Sea by the People's Republic of China in accordance with International maritime law, and how efforts to resolve disputes that can be done related to reclamation of disputed islands in the South China Sea by the People's Republic of China. Status of the South China Sea as the sea is bordered by many costal states.While the position of the South China Sea is a semi-enclosed sea. That Status and position of the South China Sea often lead to disputes or conflicts in the South China Sea region.One of the disputes or conflicts in the South China Sea is a dispute or conflicts related to reclamation actions undertaken by the People's Republic of China.Reclamation that undertaken by the People's Republic of China on the disputed islands in the South China Sea region is actually contrary to International maritime law, especially UNCLOS 1982 and DOC 2002. Efforts to do in resolving disputes in the South China Sea, particularly disputes incurred due to actions undertaken by PRC reclamation should be done in ways that are justified by the 1982 UNCLOS and the DOC in 2002, which means peaceful resolution of disputes.And the suggestions in this paper is that in order to prevent disputes or conflicts in the South China Sea need to be done in cooperation between the countries around the South China Sea region and the need to set up a code of conduct in the South China Sea behave more binding.And that efforts for settling disputes or conflicts in the South China Sea is done by peaceful means. Keywords: Sea, China, South China, Reclamation * Mahasiswa Departemen Hukum Internasional FH USU **Dosen Pembimbing I, Departemen Hukum Internasional FH USU ***Dosen Pembimbing II, Departemen Hukum Internasional FH USU *Students of the Department of International Law FH USU **Supervisor I, Department of International Law FH USU ***Supervisor II, Department of International Law FH US

Joint venture healthcare system as common practice in developing countries : game changing on assessing health services

To explore the essence of game changing on applying joint venture (JV) approach for healthcare system improvement in developing countries. This is cross-sectional study exploring the factors influencing the successful implementation of JV for the healthcare services in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The study included: Qatar Statistical Authority, CIA fact book, Ministry of Health Annual Report, Hamad Medical Corporation Annual Report, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development information, and Qatar's healthcare system history. The research indicated that the LMIC healthcare system would benefit from affiliation with leading technology partner for healthcare reform. The findings support the view of LMIC healthcare systems' needs to incorporate joint venture approach in implementing JV concept for process improvement and knowledge transfer to contribute in country economic growth, development, and stability. Current study explored evidence supporting decision maker and management control of JV trends in different ways in comparison with developed countries. JV can also help the organization to share the risk and cost of large capital investment. The present study supports observations on expending the use of JVs as approach for improvement in LMIC healthcare system. The current study confirmed the advantages of JV which include helping businesses grow faster, increasing productivity, and generating greater profits, both parties sharing the risks and costs, accessing new markets and distribution networks. [Abstract copyright: Copyright: © 2020 International Journal of Preventive Medicine.

Prinsip National Treatment Hak Kekayaan Intelektual Dalam Pelanggaran Merek Asing Menurut Hukum Internasional

In exchange for trade in goods and services, the right brand plays an important role as an element of differentiation between the products with other products as well to be the identity element of the product. High competition and ethical behavior that is not good business to encourage misuse, or forgery even prohibition of such mark. But the era of free trade, and globalization of these constraints must be addressed by each country through various conventions-International conventions in which one of them is the application of the principle of national treatment which demands equal treatment between a product from outside the country from within. In terms of brand, these principles also calls for the abolition of restrictions even desire to also protect foreign brands coming into a country