Prácticas de viaje y autoridad científica: Una comparación de experiencias de D'Orbigny, Ambrosetti y Lehmann-Nitsche

A partir del análisis comparativo intentamos evidenciar las semejanzas y diferencias entre Alcide D´Orbigny, Juan B. Ambrosetti y Robert Lehmann-Nitsche en cuanto a las formas y las estrategias a través de las cuales construyeron su particular autoridad científica en íntima relación con la experiencia del viaje. Con esta intención nos centramos en los siguientes aspectos: el género literario y las formas de construcción del relato, haciendo hincapié en los modos de observación y de recolección de datos, la utilización de un lenguaje técnico como sustento de la autoridad científica, las redes de relaciones personales dentro y fuera de la comunidad científica y las audiencias para las que se escribía. Dedicamos especial atención a la contextualización de cada uno de los autores de referencia, en tanto que consideramos que es fundamental conocer el contexto en el cual naturalistas y antropólogos se insertaban. Por último, consideramos que este análisis aporta elementos que permiten discutir y reflexionar en torno a los inicios de la antropología en Argentina y algunos de sus primeros pasos hacia la profesionalización.Fil: Arias, Ana Carolina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; ArgentinaFil: Dávila Da Rosa, Lena. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

WETWALL - an innovative design concept for the treatment of wastewater at an urban scale

Rising temperatures, increasing food demand and scarcity of water and land resources highlight the importance of promoting the sustainable expansion of agriculture to our urban environment, while preserving water resources. Treating urban wastewaters, such as greywater and hydroponic wastewater, may represent a strategic point for the implementation of urban farming, ensuring food security, reducing pressures on water resources and promoting climate change mitigation. The WETWALL design concept proposes a unique ecotechnology for secondary wastewater treatment at an urban scale, which brings the novelty of a modular living wall hybrid flow. This concept is based on the integration of two established nature-based solutions/ecomimetic designs: constructed wetlands and a modular living walls. First presented is an overview about the state of the art in the scope of living walls treating wastewater, in order to identify the main design aspects related to the performance of such systems, which mainly concerns the removal of nitrates and phosphates. Second, the WETWALL design concept is presented. A scheme regarding the selection of the main components, such as plants and substrate, is proposed, and potential structure developments and operation strategies are discussed. In addition, considering the scope of integrating the circular economy with the design process, potential interactions between this technology and the urban environment are discussed. The main goal of this article is to substantiate the potential of the WETWALL design concept as an innovative wastewater treatment at an urban scale.Biggest thanks to the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development – Brazil (CNPQ), for their financial support (doctoral fellowship). The authors also would like to thank the UNESCO Chair on Sustainability of the Polytechnic University of Catalonia (Spain), the Aarhus University (Denmark) and the research groups GREA (2014 SGR 123), DIOPMA (2014 SGR 1543) and GICITED (2014 SGR 1298)

Explanatory factors of the value of urban land in Barranqueras, Argentina

En el análisis de la dinámica urbana la actividad inmobiliaria tiene un rol preponderante debido a la estrecha relación que guarda con el loteo de nuevos terrenos que se incorporan al área urbana consolidada, siendo uno de sus indicadores más evidentes el valor del suelo por unidad de área. En este sentido, la identificación de algún tipo de tendencia o patrón en la manifestación espacial de esta variable, resulta una tarea primordial para la planificación del suelo urbano. El objetivo es indagar el peso de algunos factores en el valor del suelo para la ciudad de Barranqueras. Las variables regresoras reúnen un conjunto de características tanto internas (superficie, cuartos, patio, garaje, etc) como externas al inmueble (pavimento, distancias, cloaca, etc), que son modeladas mediante análisis de regresión lineal múltiple. En cuanto a los resultados, cabe señalar la obtención de dos modelos con niveles de explicación superiores al 60 % y que guardan coherencia tanto desde el punto de vistas teórico como estadístico.In the analysis of the urban dynamics the real estate activity has a strong influence due to the close relationship that it keeps with the piece of land that are incorporated to the build-up urban area, being one of its most evident indicators the value of the land by unit area. The identification of some type of pattern in the spatial manifestation of these variable, is a primordial works for urban planning. The objective is to explore the weight of some explanatory factors in the land value in Barranqueras (Chaco, Argentina). The regression variables have a set of characteristics, both internal (surface, rooms, courtyard, garage, etc.) and external to the building (pavement, distances, sewer, etc.), which are modeled by multiple linear regression analysis. Two models were obtained with levels of explanation above 60% and coherent both from the theoretical and statistical point of viewFil: Arias, Federico Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Humanidades; ArgentinaFil: Cardozo, Osvaldo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Investigaciones Geohistóricas. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Investigaciones Geohistóricas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Humanidades; ArgentinaFil: Da Silva, Cristian Javier. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Humanidades; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste; Argentin

The Large Quasar Reference Frame (LQRF) - an optical representation of the ICRS

The large number and all-sky distribution of quasars from different surveys, along with their presence in large, deep astrometric catalogs,enables the building of an optical materialization of the ICRS following its defining principles. Namely: that it is kinematically non-rotating with respect to the ensemble of distant extragalactic objects; aligned with the mean equator and dynamical equinox of J2000; and realized by a list of adopted coordinates of extragalatic sources. Starting from the updated and presumably complete LQAC list of QSOs, the initial optical positions of those quasars are found in the USNO B1.0 and GSC2.3 catalogs, and from the SDSS DR5. The initial positions are next placed onto UCAC2-based reference frames, following by an alignment with the ICRF, to which were added the most precise sources from the VLBA calibrator list and the VLA calibrator list - when reliable optical counterparts exist. Finally, the LQRF axes are inspected through spherical harmonics, contemplating to define right ascension, declination and magnitude terms. The LQRF contains J2000 referred equatorial coordinates for 100,165 quasars, well represented across the sky, from -83.5 to +88.5 degrees in declination, and with 10 arcmin being the average distance between adjacent elements. The global alignment with the ICRF is 1.5 mas, and the individual position accuracies are represented by a Poisson distribution that peaks at 139 mas in right ascension and 130 mas in declination. It is complemented by redshift and photometry information from the LQAC. The LQRF is designed to be an astrometric frame, but it is also the basis for the GAIA mission initial quasars' list, and can be used as a test bench for quasars' space distribution and luminosity function studies.Comment: 23 pages, 23 figures, 6 tables Accepted for publication by Astronomy & Astrophysics, on 25 May 200

Hybridization between biomedicine and alternative medicine in COVID-19 care in a neo-rural population of Córdoba, Argentine

We propose to investigate if the use and knowledge of medicinal plants and alternative medicine influence the adoption of biomedical strategies in dealing with COVID-19 - such as the use of masks, social isolation, and vaccination - in a context of a neo-rural population. We collected data through online questionnaires, using the Google Forms platform in the “Paravachasca Valley”, Córdoba, Argentine. The questionnaires, anonymous, contained multiple choice questions about attitudes and opinions concerning prophylactic strategies against COVID-19. To test whether the use or knowledge of medicinal plants is associated with trust in the efficiency and adoption of biomedical strategies, we used a chi-square test of independence. We saw that this neo-rural population does not differ from urban populations in terms of the proportion of people who deny biomedical strategies to prevent COVID-19. Furthermore, we verified that the knowledge about medicinal plants is related to distrust and reluctance to the adoption of the use of masks, social isolation, and vaccination. Also, our results suggest that alternative medicine users are afraid of the vaccine effects. In this plural medical context of a neo-rural population, belief in alternative medicines for the treatment of COVID-19 can be an obstacle to immunization programs.Fil: Rosa Santoro, Flávia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: da Silva Chaves, Leonardo. Universidade Federal Rural Pernambuco. Departamento de Biología. Laboratorio de Etnobotanica Aplicada; BrasilFil: Arias Toledo, Barbara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentin

Central post-stroke pain An intetegrative review of somatotopic damage, clinical symptoms, and neurophysiological measures

Introduction: The physiopathology of central post-stroke pain (CPSP) is poorly understood, which may contribute to the limitations of diagnostic and therapeutic advancements. Thus, the current systematic review was conducted to examine, from an integrated perspective, the cortical neurophysiological changes observed via transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), focusing on the structural damage, and clinical symptoms in patients with CPSP. Methods: The literature review included the databases EMBASE, PubMed, and ScienceDirect using the following search terms by MeSH or Entree descriptors: [(“Cerebral Stroke”) AND (“Pain” OR “Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation”) AND (“Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation”)] (through September 29, 2020). A total of 297 articles related to CPSP were identified. Of these, only four quantitatively recorded cortical measurements. Results: We found four studies with different methodologies and results of the TMS measures. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) guidelines, two studies had low methodological quality and the other two studies had satisfactory methodological quality. The four studies compared the motor threshold (MT) of the stroke-affected hemisphere with the unaffected hemisphere or with healthy controls. Two studies assessed other cortical excitability measures, such as cortical silent period (CSP), short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), and intracortical facilitation (ICF). The main limitations in the interpretation of the results were the heterogeneity in parameter measurements, unknown cortical excitability measures as potential prognostic markers, the lack of a control group without pain, and the absence of consistent and validated diagnosis criteria. Conclusion: Despite the limited number of studies that prevented us from conducting a meta-analysis, the dataset of this systematic review provides evidence to improve the understanding of CPSP physiopathology. Additionally, these studies support the construction of a framework for diagnosis and will help improve the methodological quality of future research in somatosensory sequelae following stroke. Furthermore, they offer a way to integrate dysfunctional neuroplasticity markers that are indirectly assessed by neurophysiological measures with their correlated clinical symptoms

Spectral classification and HR diagram of pre-main sequence stars in NGC6530

Mechanisms involved in the star formation process and in particular the duration of the different phases of the cloud contraction are not yet fully understood. Photometric data alone suggest that objects coexist in the young cluster NGC6530 with ages from ~1 Myr up to 10 Myrs. We want to derive accurate stellar parameters and, in particular, stellar ages to be able to constrain a possible age spread in the star-forming region NGC6530. We used low-resolution spectra taken with VIMOS@VLT and literature spectra of standard stars to derive spectral types of a subsample of 94 candidate members of this cluster. We assign spectral types to 86 of the 88 confirmed cluster members and derive individual reddenings. Our data are better fitted by the anomalous reddening law with R$_{\rm V}$=5. We confirm the presence of strong differential reddening in this region. We derive fundamental stellar parameters, such as effective temperatures, photospheric colors, luminosities, masses, and ages for 78 members, while for the remaining 8 YSOs we cannot determine the interstellar absorption, since they are likely accretors, and their V-I colors are bluer than their intrinsic colors. The cluster members studied in this work have masses between 0.4 and 4 M$_\odot$ and ages between 1-2 Myrs and 6-7 Myrs. We find that the SE region is the most recent site of star formation, while the older YSOs are loosely clustered in the N and W regions. The presence of two distint generations of YSOs with different spatial distribution allows us to conclude that in this region there is an age spread of ~6-7 Myrs. This is consistent with the scenario of sequential star formation suggested in literature.Comment: 23 pages, 16 Postscript figures, 5 tables. Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysic

Open Innovation and Competitive Advantage on the Hospitality Sector: The Role of Organizational Strategy

This paper assesses the relationship between open innovation and competitive advantage and the mediating effect of organizational strategy. Using a quantitative methodological approach with survey data from 251 Portuguese hotel executive directors’ small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), this research adopted a quantitative methodological approach, thereby conducting an exploratory and transversal study. Findings show that (1) open innovation influences organizational strategy and (2) organizational strategy enhances competitive advantage. Moreover, the results also highlight that (3) organizational strategy has a mediating effect between open innovation and competitive advantage. The paper provides relevant insights that will lead the firms’ top managers to design and implement strategies and define effective government policies, programs, and incentives to support the development of the firms’ open innovation model in the hospitality sector considering the new smart society and smart cities growing environment.Funding: Cátedra Telefónica, Aula Smatcities (Telefónica Chair) Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Univer- sitat de Barcelona on Smartcities.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Development of biodegradable, cellulose-based, essential oil and chitosan drug delivery systems for cosmetic mask applications

The goal of this research was the development of cellulose-based biodegradable drug delivery systems solutions for cosmetic mask applications. Cellulose-based materials derived from natural renewable sources provide a sustainable alternative to nonwoven cosmetic masks derived from nondegradable fossil-based raw materials. An experimental design was executed to assemble the 3D cellulose fibres matrix and the water in oil emulsion comprising the active molecules from Mentha piperita L. Two types of biopolymeric additives were used, one derived from a nano/micro fibrillated cellulose pulp and another one including chitosan. A 3D computational simulation study was performed to enhance porosity and strength properties. The results indicated that the cosmetic face mask optimized prototypes, made from a biodegradable 3D matrix of cellulose fibres and active molecules, are suitable for dermic usePostprint (published version