Prospective, randomized and controlled trial on the dwell time of peripheral intravenous catheters in children, according to three dressing regimens

This prospective, randomized and controlled study verified the influence of three dressing regimens on the dwell time of peripheral intravenous catheters (PIC) in children. The study groups were composed of dressings with sterile gauze (EG 1), with sterile transparent film (EG 2) and with hypoallergenic adhesive tape (CG). Variables were selected to control for variables related to children, professionals and intravenous therapy characteristics. The 150 PIC that composed the sample were inserted in 68 children, predominantly of preschool age, male, with brown skin color, eutrophic and with gastrointestinal system diseases. The majority of the PIC was installed by nursing auxiliaries in veins of the dorsal arch of the hand. The type of dressing exerted a significant influence (p = 0.022) on the average dwell time of the studied PIC: EG 1 (46.12 hours), EG 2 (29.53 hours) and CG (38.18 hours), concluding that the dressing with sterile gauze maintained the catheter inserted for a longer time.Estudio prospectivo, aleatorio y controlado que verificó la influencia de tres tipos de cura en el período de la permanencia de los catéteres venosos periféricos (CVP) insertados en niños. Los grupos del estudio fueron compuestos por curas con gasa estéril (GE 1), con película transparente estéril (GE 2) y con cinta adhesiva hipoalergénica (GC). Fueron seleccionados variables para el control de característicos referentes a los niños, profesionales ejecutantes de los procedimientos y terapia intravenosa. Los 150 CVP fueron instalados en los 68 niños que compusieron a los grupos de estudio, predominantemente preescolares, del sexo masculino, con el color de piel parda, eutróficas y con patologías del sistema gastrointestinal. La mayoría de los CVP fueron instalados por ayudantes de la enfermera, en venas del arco dorsal de la mano. Verificamos que el tipo de curativo influenció significativamente (p = 0,022) el período de permanencia de los CVP estudiados: GE 1 (46,12 horas), GE 2 (29,53 horas) y GC (38,18 horas), y que la cura con gasa estéril guardó el catéter insertado por más tiempo.Estudo prospectivo, randomizado e controlado, que verificou a influência de três tipos de curativos, sobre o tempo de permanência de cateteres venosos periféricos (CVP) em crianças. Os grupos de estudo foram compostos por curativos com gaze estéril (GE 1), película transparente estéril (GE 2) e fita adesiva hipoalergênica (GC). Foram selecionadas variáveis para o controle de características referentes às crianças, profissionais executantes dos procedimentos e terapia intravenosa. Compuseram os grupos 150 CVP, instalados em 68 crianças, predominantemente pré-escolares, sexo masculino, cor da pele parda, eutróficas com patologias do sistema gastrointestinal. A maioria dos CVP foi instalada por auxiliares de enfermagem, em veias do arco dorsal da mão. Verificamos que o tipo de curativo influenciou significantemente (p=0,022) o tempo médio de permanência dos CVP estudados: GE 1 (46,12 horas), GE 2 (29,53 horas) e GC (38,18 horas), e o curativo com gaze estéril manteve o cateter por mais tempo

Pilot survey of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from the asexual blood stages of Plasmodium vivax in human patients

BACKGROUND: Plasmodium vivax is the most widely distributed human malaria, responsible for 70–80 million clinical cases each year and large socio-economical burdens for countries such as Brazil where it is the most prevalent species. Unfortunately, due to the impossibility of growing this parasite in continuous in vitro culture, research on P. vivax remains largely neglected. METHODS: A pilot survey of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from the asexual blood stages of P. vivax was performed. To do so, 1,184 clones from a cDNA library constructed with parasites obtained from 10 different human patients in the Brazilian Amazon were sequenced. Sequences were automatedly processed to remove contaminants and low quality reads. A total of 806 sequences with an average length of 586 bp met such criteria and their clustering revealed 666 distinct events. The consensus sequence of each cluster and the unique sequences of the singlets were used in similarity searches against different databases that included P. vivax, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium yoelii, Plasmodium knowlesi, Apicomplexa and the GenBank non-redundant database. An E-value of <10(-30 )was used to define a significant database match. ESTs were manually assigned a gene ontology (GO) terminology RESULTS: A total of 769 ESTs could be assigned a putative identity based upon sequence similarity to known proteins in GenBank. Moreover, 292 ESTs were annotated and a GO terminology was assigned to 164 of them. CONCLUSION: These are the first ESTs reported for P. vivax and, as such, they represent a valuable resource to assist in the annotation of the P. vivax genome currently being sequenced. Moreover, since the GC-content of the P. vivax genome is strikingly different from that of P. falciparum, these ESTs will help in the validation of gene predictions for P. vivax and to create a gene index of this malaria parasite

No-match ORESTES explored as tumor markers

Sequencing technologies and new bioinformatics tools have led to the complete sequencing of various genomes. However, information regarding the human transcriptome and its annotation is yet to be completed. The Human Cancer Genome Project, using ORESTES (open reading frame EST sequences) methodology, contributed to this objective by generating data from about 1.2 million expressed sequence tags. Approximately 30% of these sequences did not align to ESTs in the public databases and were considered no-match ORESTES. On the basis that a set of these ESTs could represent new transcripts, we constructed a cDNA microarray. This platform was used to hybridize against 12 different normal or tumor tissues. We identified 3421 transcribed regions not associated with annotated transcripts, representing 83.3% of the platform. The total number of differentially expressed sequences was 1007. Also, 28% of analyzed sequences could represent noncoding RNAs. Our data reinforces the knowledge of the human genome being pervasively transcribed, and point out molecular marker candidates for different cancers. To reinforce our data, we confirmed, by real-time PCR, the differential expression of three out of eight potentially tumor markers in prostate tissues. Lists of 1007 differentially expressed sequences, and the 291 potentially noncoding tumor markers were provided

No-match ORESTES explored as tumor markers

Sequencing technologies and new bioinformatics tools have led to the complete sequencing of various genomes. However, information regarding the human transcriptome and its annotation is yet to be completed. The Human Cancer Genome Project, using ORESTES (open reading frame EST sequences) methodology, contributed to this objective by generating data from about 1.2 million expressed sequence tags. Approximately 30% of these sequences did not align to ESTs in the public databases and were considered no-match ORESTES. On the basis that a set of these ESTs could represent new transcripts, we constructed a cDNA microarray. This platform was used to hybridize against 12 different normal or tumor tissues. We identified 3421 transcribed regions not associated with annotated transcripts, representing 83.3% of the platform. The total number of differentially expressed sequences was 1007. Also, 28% of analyzed sequences could represent noncoding RNAs. Our data reinforces the knowledge of the human genome being pervasively transcribed, and point out molecular marker candidates for different cancers. To reinforce our data, we confirmed, by real-time PCR, the differential expression of three out of eight potentially tumor markers in prostate tissues. Lists of 1007 differentially expressed sequences, and the 291 potentially noncoding tumor markers were provided

Searching for molecular markers in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) by statistical and bioinformatic analysis of larynx-derived SAGE libraries

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common malignancies in humans. The average 5-year survival rate is one of the lowest among aggressive cancers, showing no significant improvement in recent years. When detected early, HNSCC has a good prognosis, but most patients present metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis, which significantly reduces survival rate. Despite extensive research, no molecular markers are currently available for diagnostic or prognostic purposes. Methods: Aiming to identify differentially-expressed genes involved in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) development and progression, we generated individual Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) libraries from a metastatic and non-metastatic larynx carcinoma, as well as from a normal larynx mucosa sample. Approximately 54,000 unique tags were sequenced in three libraries. Results: Statistical data analysis identified a subset of 1,216 differentially expressed tags between tumor and normal libraries, and 894 differentially expressed tags between metastatic and non-metastatic carcinomas. Three genes displaying differential regulation, one down-regulated (KRT31) and two up-regulated (BST2, MFAP2), as well as one with a non-significant differential expression pattern (GNA15) in our SAGE data were selected for real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in a set of HNSCC samples. Consistent with our statistical analysis, quantitative PCR confirmed the upregulation of BST2 and MFAP2 and the downregulation of KRT31 when samples of HNSCC were compared to tumor-free surgical margins. As expected, GNA15 presented a non-significant differential expression pattern when tumor samples were compared to normal tissues. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting SAGE data in head and neck squamous cell tumors. Statistical analysis was effective in identifying differentially expressed genes reportedly involved in cancer development. The differential expression of a subset of genes was confirmed in additional larynx carcinoma samples and in carcinomas from a distinct head and neck subsite. This result suggests the existence of potential common biomarkers for prognosis and targeted-therapy development in this heterogeneous type of tumor.Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo/FAPESP [05/51467-0]; [04/12054-9]; [07/50894-7]Ludwig Institute for Cancer ResearchConselho Nacional de Pesquisas/CNPqCoordenacao de Aperfeicoamento do Pessoal do Ensino Superior/CAPE

Adverse events related to the use of peripheral intravenous catheters in children according to dressing regimens Eventos adversos relacionados al uso de catéteres intravenosos periféricos en niños según los tipos de curativos Eventos adversos relacionados ao uso de cateteres intravenosos periféricos em crianças de acordo com tipos de curativos

A randomized, controlled study was implemented to verify reasons to release and adverse events related to the use of peripheral intravenous catheters in children, according to the dressing regimens The sample was set at 150 peripheral intravenous catheters, randomly assigned to three groups: sterile gauze dressings, sterilized transparent film dressings, and non sterile hypoallergenic adhesive tape. The data was collected after consent had been obtained by the Ethics Committee, including children who had been submitted to catheterization with Teflon® over the needle catheters. Statistical tests were performed by applying the Pearson Chi-square test, significance level set at p < 0.05. The results showed that dressing regimens influenced the reasons for catheter removal and occurrence of adverse events, mainly due to infiltration (55.3%). The Sterile gauze showed the best performance (p=0.002) in comparison with the other studied groups, once 40.0% of the catheters were removed by release from treatment.<br>Se trata de un estudio aleatorio y controlado que tuvo como objetivo identificar los motivos de retirada y los eventos adversos relacionados al uso de catéteres intravenosos periféricos en niños según el tipo de curativo. La muestra fue constituida por 150 catéteres distribuidos en tres grupos, compuestos por: curativo con gasa estéril, película transparente y fijación con cinta adhesiva hipoalergénica no estéril. La recolección de datos ocurrió después de la aprobación del merito ético, incluyéndose en el estudio niños sometidos a la punción intravenosa periférica, con catéteres de Teflón® fuera de la aguja. Para analizar la correlación entre las variables fue utilizada la prueba de Chi-cuadrado de Pearson, siendo considerados significativos los valores de pd"0,05. Los resultados evidenciaron que los curativos influenciaron los motivos de retirada del catéter y la ocurrencia de eventos adversos, destacándose la infiltración (55,3%). El curativo con gasa, en comparación con los otros grupos estudiados, presentó una menor proporción de eventos adversos (p= 0,002), siendo que 40,0% de los catéteres fueron retirados por el alta del tratamiento.<br>Estudo randomizado e controlado que objetivou identificar motivos de retirada e eventos adversos relacionados ao uso de cateteres intravenosos periféricos em crianças segundo tipo de curativo. A amostra foi ajustada em 150 cateteres distribuídos em três grupos, compostos por curativo com gaze estéril ou película transparente e fixação com fita adesiva hipoalergênica não estéril. A coleta de dados ocorreu após aprovação do mérito ético, incluindo-se no estudo crianças submetidas à punção intravenosa periférica, com cateteres fora da agulha de Teflon®. Para análise de correlação entre variáveis foi utilizado teste do Qui-quadrado de Pearson, sendo considerados significantes valores de p < 0,05. Os resultados evidenciaram que os curativos influenciaram os motivos de retirada do cateter e a ocorrência de eventos adversos, destacando-se a infiltração (55,3%). O curativo com gaze em comparação com os outros grupos estudados apresentou menor proporção de eventos adversos (p=0,002), sendo 40,0% dos cateteres retirados por alta do tratamento