«Forskjellen mellom norske og internasjonale deltagere sin selv-rapporterte self-efficacy score før og etter en friluftslivstur på vinteren, og sammenhengen mellom menn og kvinners selv-rapporterte self-efficacy score»

Bakgrunn: Etter en lang periode med restriksjoner under COVID-19 pandemien, hadde befolkningen en depresjonsrate på 11% til 28% (Renaud-Charest, O. et al., 2021). Tidligere studier har funnet at friluftsliv har en positiv endring på self-efficacy, selvtillit og mestringsforventning (Bowen, D. J. et al., 2016; Gabrielsen, L. E. et al., 2018; Maragalit, D. & Ben-Ari, A., 2014). Hensikt: Hensikten med studiet var å se om en friluftslivtur på vinterhalvåret har en endring på utvalgets self-efficacy score, sammenliknet med før og etter turen; samt forskjeller mellom norske og internasjonale deltagere. Metode: Totalt ble 20 deltagere inkludert i studien, hvorav det var norske (N = 11) og internasjonale (N = 9) deltagere. Det ble benyttet en kvantitativ metode med en longitudinell studie ved bruk av to standardiserte spørreskjemaer av General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) (Røysamb, E. et al., 1998; Schwarzer, R. & Jerusalem, M., 1995). Resultat: De norske deltagerne (M = 33.1) rapporterte en høyere self-efficacy score etter turen enn de internasjonale deltagerne (M = 30.4). Verken de norske deltagerne eller de internasjonale deltagerne viste til noe signifikat endring fra pre-testen til post-testen (> p = 0.05) i self-efficacy score. Det ble funnet en middels/høy negativ korrelasjon mellom kjønn og SUM-pre (r_s < .60) for de norske deltagerne. De internasjonale deltagerne hadde en middels korrelasjon mellom kjønn og SUM-pre (r_s < .40). Konklusjon: Verken de norske eller de internasjonale deltagerne hadde noen statistisk signifikant økning i self-efficacy score etter turen, med bakgrunn på den allerede høye self-efficacy scoren før turen. Videre anbefales det å undersøke forskjellen mellom turer på sommerhalvåret, kontra vinterhalvåret. Nøkkelord: self-efficacy, friluftsliv, mestringsforventningBackground: After a long period of restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic, the population had a depression rate of 11% to 28% (Renaud-Charest, O. et al., 2021). Previous studies have found that friluftsliv has a positive change in self-efficacy, self-confidence and coping expectations (Bowen, D. J. et al., 2016; Gabrielsen, L. E. et al., 2018; Maragalit, D. & Ben-Ari, A., 2014). Purpose: The purpose of the study was to see if winter friluftsliv has a change in the sample's self-efficacy score, compared to before and after the trip; as well as differences between Norwegian and international participants. Method: A total of 20 participants were included in the study, of which there were norwegian (N = 11) and international (N = 9) participants. A quantitative method was used with a longitudinal study using two standardized questionnaires of the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) (Røysamb, E. et al., 1998; Schwarzer, R. & Jerusalem, M., 1995). Result: The Norwegian participants (M = 33.1) reported a higher self-efficacy score after the trip than the international participants (M = 30.4). Neither the Norwegian participants or the international participants showed any significant change from the pre-test to the post-test (> p = 0.05) in self-efficacy scores. A medium/high negative correlation was found between gender and SUM-pre (r_s < .60) for the Norwegian participants. The international participants had a medium correlation between gender and SUM-pre (r_s < .40). Conclusion: Neither the Norwegian or the international participants had any significant increase in self-efficacy after the trip, base don the already high self-efficacy score before the trip. Furthermore, it is recommended to investigate the difference between trips in the summer versus the winter. Keywords: self-efficay, friluftsliv, coping expectatio

Lung metastasis 21 years after initial diagnosis of osteosarcoma: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>To the best of our knowledge, this case report describes the longest disease-free interval between primary diagnosis and metastatic recurrence of an osteosarcoma.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 35-year-old Caucasian American man presented with asymptomatic lung metastases 21 years after being diagnosed and treated for lower extremity osteosarcoma. He underwent curative lung resection, but 2 years thereafter developed metastatic disease in the scapula and tibia and, after resection and chemotherapy, is in remission 1 year later.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This case highlights the importance of long follow-up periods and continued surveillance of osteosarcoma patients after initial curative treatment.</p

Azithromycin induces epidermal differentiation and multivesicular bodies in airway epithelia.

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked DownloadBACKGROUND: Azithromycin (Azm) is a macrolide recognized for its disease-modifying effects and reduction in exacerbation of chronic airway diseases. It is not clear whether the beneficial effects of Azm are due to its anti-microbial activity or other pharmacological actions. We have shown that Azm affects the integrity of the bronchial epithelial barrier measured by increased transepithelial electrical resistance. To better understand these effects of Azm on bronchial epithelia we have investigated global changes in gene expression. METHODS: VA10 bronchial epithelial cells were treated with Azm and cultivated in air-liquid interface conditions for up to 22 days. RNA was isolated at days 4, 10 and 22 and analyzed using high-throughput RNA sequencing. qPCR and immunostaining were used to confirm key findings from bioinformatic analyses. Detailed assessment of cellular changes was done using microscopy, followed by characterization of the lipidomic profiles of the multivesicular bodies present. RESULTS: Bioinformatic analysis revealed that after 10 days of treatment genes encoding effectors of sterol and cholesterol metabolism were prominent. Interestingly, expression of genes associated with epidermal barrier differentiation, KRT1, CRNN, SPINK5 and DSG1, increased significantly at day 22. Together with immunostaining, these results suggest an epidermal differentiation pattern. We also found that Azm induced the formation of multivesicular and lamellar bodies in two different airway epithelial cell lines. Lipidomic analysis revealed that Azm was entrapped in multivesicular bodies linked to different types of lipids, most notably palmitate and stearate. Furthermore, targeted analysis of lipid species showed accumulation of phosphatidylcholines, as well as ceramide derivatives. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, we demonstrate how Azm might confer its barrier enhancing effects, via activation of epidermal characteristics and changes to intracellular lipid dynamics. These effects of Azm could explain the unexpected clinical benefit observed during Azm-treatment of patients with various lung diseases affecting barrier function.Icelandic Research Council EpiEndo Pharmaceuticals, Reykjavik, Icelan

Suprapubic catheter placement through ileal mesentery causes mechanical small bowel obstruction six years later in a female patient with turners syndrome

Percutaneous suprapubic cystostomy (SPC) is a procedure performed to manage urinary retention when urethral catheterization is contraindicated or to improve the quality of life in cases such as neurogenic bladder. Although a simple procedure, it is associated with serious complications, increasing the morbidity and mortality. This case study demonstrates a delayed presentation of small bowel obstruction caused by a suprapubic catheter traversing through the ileal mesentery in a patient with no prior bowel surgeries. Few cases report this complication and this is possibly the first case to be reported six years after SPC placement

deltaNp63 has a role in maintaining epithelial integrity in airway epithelium.

The upper airways are lined with a pseudostratified bronchial epithelium that forms a barrier against unwanted substances in breathing air. The transcription factor p63, which is important for stratification of skin epithelium, has been shown to be expressed in basal cells of the lungs and its ΔN isoform is recognized as a key player in squamous cell lung cancer. However, the role of p63 in formation and maintenance of bronchial epithelia is largely unknown. The objective of the current study was to determine the expression pattern of the ΔN and TA isoforms of p63 and the role of p63 in the development and maintenance of pseudostratified lung epithelium in situ and in culture. We used a human bronchial epithelial cell line with basal cell characteristics (VA10) to model bronchial epithelium in an air-liquid interface culture (ALI) and performed a lentiviral-based silencing of p63 to characterize the functional and phenotypic consequences of p63 loss. We demonstrate that ΔNp63 is the major isoform in the human lung and its expression was exclusively found in the basal cells lining the basement membrane of the bronchial epithelium. Knockdown of p63 affected proliferation and migration of VA10 cells and facilitated cellular senescence. Expression of p63 is critical for epithelial repair as demonstrated by wound healing assays. Importantly, generation of pseudostratified VA10 epithelium in the ALI setup depended on p63 expression and goblet cell differentiation, which can be induced by IL-13 stimulation, was abolished by the p63 knockdown. After knockdown of p63 in primary bronchial epithelial cells they did not proliferate and showed marked senescence. We conclude that these results strongly implicate p63 in the formation and maintenance of differentiated pseudostratified bronchial epithelium

p63 is necessary for IL-13 induced goblet cell differentiation in ALI culture.

<p>A subset of VA10^Scr differentiates to goblet cells when stimulated with IL-13 (left panel). VA10^p63kd cells are unable to form goblet cells when stimulated with IL-13 (right panel). Scale bars 50 µm. **p≤0.01.</p

VA10^p63kd cells lose survival ability.

<p>VA10^p63kd (KD) cells enter senescence when cultured for prolonged period in monolayer, as shown with β-galactosidase staining (a). To quantify the senescence the pixel intensity is represented in bars for VA10^Scr compared to VA10^p63kd. Scale bars 50 µm. *p≤.0.5.</p