Synchrotron radiography and x-ray topography studies of hexagonal habitus SiC bulk crystals

Phase-sensitive synchrotron radiation (SR) radiography was combined with x-ray diffraction topography to study structural defects of SiC crystals. The particular bulk SiC crystals examined had a low micropipe density and a hexagonal habitus composed of prismatic, pyramidal, and basal faces well developed. X-ray diffraction topography images of the sliced (0001) wafers, which were formed due to the complex lattice distortions associated with defective boundaries, demonstrated the existence of two-dimensional defective boundaries in the radial direction, normal to the (0001) planes. In particular, those parallel to the 〈1120〉 directions extended rather far from the seed. On the other hand, by phase-sensitive SR radiography the effect of micropipe collection was detected. Micropipes grouped mostly in the vicinities of the defective boundaries but rarely appeared between groups. Some general remarks about possible reasons for the development of such peculiar defect structures were mad

Synchrotron radiography and x-ray topography studies of hexagonal habitus SiC bulk crystals

Phase-sensitive synchrotron radiation (SR) radiography was combined with x-ray diffraction topography to study structural defects of SiC crystals. The particular bulk SiC crystals examined had a low micropipe density and a hexagonal habitus composed of prismatic, pyramidal, and basal faces well developed. X-ray diffraction topography images of the sliced (0001) wafers, which were formed due to the complex lattice distortions associated with defective boundaries, demonstrated the existence of two-dimensional defective boundaries in the radial direction, normal to the (0001) planes. In particular, those parallel to the directions extended rather far from the seed. On the other hand, by phase-sensitive SR radiography the effect of micropipe collection was detected. Micropipes grouped mostly in the vicinities of the defective boundaries but rarely appeared between groups. Some general remarks about possible reasons for the development of such peculiar defect structures were made

НЕЙРОПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ СТАТУС ПАЦИЕНТОВ СО СТАБИЛЬНОЙ ИШЕМИЧЕСКОЙ БОЛЕЗНЬЮ СЕРДЦА И ФАКТОРЫ, НА НЕГО ВЛИЯЮЩИЕ

The purpose. To assess neuropsychological status of patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and to determine the factors affecting it.Material and methods. 272 male patients aged 45-69 years were included in the study. Neuropsychological status of patients with coronary artery disease was assessed and presented as an integrated index.Results. The integrated index of neuropsychological status was reported to be 2 times less than those in healthy subjects matched for age (0.47 [0.35; 0.59] vs. 0.8 [0.72; 0.87, (p <0.0001)). The most significant factors affecting neuropsychological status of patients with coronary artery disease were as follows: age (p = 0.00271), number of years of education (p = 0.033), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (p = 0.018), as well as plasma triglyceride levels (TG) (p = 0.003). Conclusion. The integrated approach to the assessment of neuropsychological status in patients with CAD allows not only presenting it as a single index, but also determining the extent to which the index deviate from neuropsychological status of healthy subjects. The factors affecting neuropsychological status in patients with coronary artery disease were as follows: age, number of years of education, LVEF and plasma triglyceride levels.Цель. Оценить состояние нейропсихологического статуса пациентов со стабильной ишемической болезнью сердца (ИБС) и определить факторы, на него влияющие.Материал и методы. Обследовано 272 мужчины в возрасте 45-69 лет. Нейропсихологический статус пациента с ИБС комплексным способом был представлен в виде его интегрального показателя.Результаты. Выявлено, что интегральный показатель нейропсихологического статуса почти в 2 раза ниже данного показателя здоровых лиц того же возраста (0,47 [0,35; 0,59] и 0,8 [0,72; 0,87, (p<0,0001)). Установлено, что наиболее значимыми факторами, влияющими на нейропсихологический статус пациента с ИБС, являются возраст (p=0,00271), количество лет обучения (p=0,033), фракции выброса левого желудочка (p=0,018), а также концентрация в плазме триглицеридов (ТГ) (p=0,003).Выводы. Комплексный способ оценки нейропсихологического статуса у пациентов с ИБС позволяет оценить и представить его в виде единого показателя, а также определить степень его отклонения от статуса здоровых лиц. Факторами, негативно влияющими на состояние нейропсихологического статуса у пациентов с ИБС, являются возраст, количество лет образования, ФВ ЛЖ и концентрация в плазме крови ТГ

Частота пневмококковой пневмонии у взрослых больных терапевтических стационаров на трех территориях Российской Федерации

Summary. The authors investigated a rate of morbidity of pneumococcal pneumonia in 2010–2011 in therapeutic adult inpatients at three Russian regions using sputum culturing of pathogens and the BinaxR NOW Streptococcus pneumoniae urine test (USA). Two hundred and sixty six patients with radiologically confirmed community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) were examined. Streptococcus antigen in urine was detected in 19.9 % of them including 24.2 % in the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic, 25.9 % in Novgorod region, 10.6 % in Samara city. Sputum cultures yielded S. pneumoniae in 20.4 % of patients including 7.0 %, 44.2 % and 22.1 % of patients in regions, respectively. In total, CAP caused by S. pneumoniae was confirmed with lab methods in 13.1 % and in 5.8 %, 30.2 % and 11.7 % patients, respectively. Streptococcus antigen in urine was detected in 25.7 % of patients with severe CAP and in 37.9 % of patients older than 40 years and with co-morbidity who died from CAP. Streptococcus antigen in urine was detected in 29.4 % of patients with CAP complicated by pleural effusion, in 18.5 % of patients with CAP without pleural effusion and in 15.0 % of mild CAP. Streptococcus antigen in urine was detected in 1/3 of patients with positive throat culture and in a half of patients with positive sputum culture for S. pneumoniae. The sensitivity of this test in patients with pneumococcal CAP confirmed by bacteriological methods was 64.3 % and its specificity was 90.9 %. Therefore, the high prevalence of pneumococcal CAP in adult patients admitted to a hospital and severe course of the disease with the risk of death in patients older that 40 years with co-morbidity provide an urgent need for pneumococcal vaccination of these cohorts