Early Science with the Large Millimetre Telescope: Molecules in the Extreme Outflow of a proto-Planetary Nebula

Extremely high velocity emission likely related to jets is known to occur in some proto-Planetary Nebulae. However, the molecular complexity of this kinematic component is largely unknown. We observed the known extreme outflow from the proto-Planetary Nebula IRAS 16342-3814, a prototype water fountain, in the full frequency range from 73 to 111 GHz with the RSR receiver on the Large Millimetre Telescope. We detected the molecules SiO, HCN, SO, and $^{13}$CO. All molecular transitions, with the exception of the latter are detected for the first time in this source, and all present emission with velocities up to a few hundred km s$^{-1}$. IRAS 16342-3814 is therefore the only source of this kind presenting extreme outflow activity simultaneously in all these molecules, with SO and SiO emission showing the highest velocities found of these species in proto-Planetary Nebulae. To be confirmed is a tentative weak SO component with a FWHM $\sim$ 700 km s$^{-1}$. The extreme outflow gas consists of dense gas (n$_{\rm H_2} >$ 10$^{4.8}$--10$^{5.7}$ cm$^{-3}$), with a mass larger than $\sim$ 0.02--0.15 M$_{\odot}$. The relatively high abundances of SiO and SO may be an indication of an oxygen-rich extreme high velocity gas.Comment: Accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letter

LMT/AzTEC observations of Vega

Vega is the prototypical debris disc system. Its architecture has been extensively studied at optical to millimetre wavelengths, revealing a near face-on, broad, and smooth disc with multiple distinct components. Recent millimetre-wavelength observations from ALMA spatially resolved the inner edge of the outer, cold planetesimal belt from the star for the first time. Here we present early science imaging observations of the Vega system with the AzTEC instrument on the 32-m LMT, tracing extended emission from the disc out to 150 au from the star. We compare the observations to three models of the planetesimal belt architecture to better determine the profile of the outer belt. A comparison of these potential architectures for the disc does not significantly differentiate between them with the modelling results being similar in many respects to the previous ALMA analysis, but differing in the slope of the outer region of the disc. The measured flux densities are consistent between the LMT (single dish) and ALMA (interferometric) observations after accounting for the differences in wavelength of observation. The LMT observations suggest the outer slope of the planetesimal belt is steeper than was suggested in the ALMA analysis. This would be consistent with the interferometric observations being mostly blind to structure at the disc outer edges, but the overall low signal to noise of the LMT observations does not definitively resolve the structure of the outer planetesimal belt.FK and JPM acknowledge research support by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan under grant MOST107-2119-M-001-031-MY3, and Academia Sinica under grant AS-IA-106-M03. JPM acknowledges research support by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan under grant MOST109-2112-M-001-036-MY3. MC thanks Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) for financial support through grant CB-2015-256961

Demographic and sociocultural risk factors for adulthood weight gain in Hispanic/Latinos: results from the Hispanic Community Health Study / Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)

Background United States (US) Hispanic/Latinos experience a disproportionate burden of obesity, which may in part be related to demographic or sociocultural factors, including acculturation to an US diet or inactive lifestyle. Therefore, we sought to describe the association between adulthood weight histories and demographic and sociocultural factors in a large diverse community-based cohort of US Hispanic/Latinos. Methods We estimated the effect of several factors on weight gain across adulthood, using multivariable linear mixed models to leverage 38,759 self-reported current body weights and weight histories recalled for 21, 45 and 65 years of age, from 15,203 adults at least 21 years of age at the baseline visit of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (2008–2011). Results The average rate of weight gain was nearly 10 kg per decade in early adulthood, but slowed to < 5 kg a decade among individuals 60+ years of age. Birth cohort, gender, nativity or age at immigration, Hispanic/Latino background, and study site each significantly modified the form of the predicted adulthood weight trajectory. Among immigrants, weight gain during the 5 years post-migration was on average 0.88 kg (95% CI: 0.04, 1.72) greater than the weight gain during the 5 years prior. The rate of weight gain appeared to slow after 15 years post-migration. Conclusions Using self-reported and weight history data in a diverse sample of US Hispanic/Latinos, we revealed that both demographic and sociocultural factors were associated with the patterning of adulthood weight gain in this sample. Given the steep rate of weight gain in this population and the fact that many Hispanic/Latinos living in the US immigrated as adults, efforts to promote weight maintenance across the life course, including after immigration, should be a top priority for promoting Hispanic/Latino health and addressing US health disparities more broadly

El acceso intraoseo en reanimación pediátrica. 1999-2001. Intra-osseous approach in pediatric resuscitation. 2001-2002

El establecimiento de un acceso en la circulación es un componente crítico en la resucitación. La infusión intraósea fue descrita por primera vez en 1922 y utilizada para la administración de drogas en 1940, permitiendo un rápido acceso intravascular en pacientes críticamente enfermos, con el objetivo de demostrar sus beneficios en la reanimación infantil en situaciones emergentes. Se realizó una investigación longitudinal, prospectiva y descriptiva en el servicio de cuidados intensivos pediátricos del Hospital General Docente Comandante Pinares, San Cristóbal. Pinar del Río. Cuba. En la etapa comprendida entre enero-1999 a diciembre-2001. Se estudiaron 11 pacientes menores de 5 años que necesitaron medidas de reanimación, realizándose una encuesta que contaba con las siguientes variables: edad, diagnóstico al ingreso, tiempo de obtención de la vía y mantenimiento, drogas, fluidos administrados y complicaciones, se le aplicó el método de estadística descriptivo, distribución de frecuencia y test de proporción. Se concluyó que el 28,2 % (11) de la muestra requirió canalización intraósea, los lactantes (menores de 6 meses) con deshidratación severa necesitaron esta vía en el 54,5% (6), se logró obtener en un tiempo menor de un minuto en 81,8% (7) de los pacientes y se mantuvo hasta 4 horas en el 90,9% de los casos estudiados, las drogas y fluidos mayormente administrados fueron las catecolaminas y la solución salina fisiológica en el 63,6% y el 100% respectivamente, es una técnica con muy raras complicaciones reportándose solo un 9,1%. DeCS: INFUSIÓN INTRAÓSEA, SITUACIONES EMERGENTES, REANIMACIÓN, CATECOLAMINAS, ACCESO INTRAVASCULAR. ABSTRACTThe establishment of an access in Circulation is a very important component in resuscitation. The intraosseous infusion was described for the first time in 1922 and use to administer medications in 1940 allowing a fast intravascular access in critically ill patients. A longitudinal, prospective and descriptive research was carried out at Intensive Care Pediatric Unit belonging to Comandante Pinares General Hospital, San Cristobal, Pinar del Rio aimed at showing its benefits in child resuscitation mainly in emergent situations. During January 1999 to December 2001 eleven patients under 5 years old needing resuscitation measures were studied. A survey taking into account age, diagnosis at admission, time obtained for route and maintenance, drugs, administration of fluids and complications was conducted. Descriptive method, frequency distribution and proportion test were statistically used. Concluding that 28.2 % (11) of the sample required intraosseous infusions, infants (under 6 months) suffering from severe dehydration needed this via (54.5 %) (6), it was obtained (less than a minute) the 81.8 % (7) of the patients and the maintenance was 4 hours in the 90.9 % of the cases studied, drugs and fluids having a greater administration were catecholamines and hypertonic saline solution in 63.6 % and in 100 % of the cases respectively, this technique provoked scarcely complications, only 9.1 % could be reported. DeCS: INTRAOSSEOUS INFUSION, CRITICAL CARE, RESUSCITATION, CATECHOLAMINES, INTRAVASCULAR ACCESS

El acceso intraoseo en reanimación pediátrica. 1999-2001. Intra-osseous approach in pediatric resuscitation. 2001-2002

El establecimiento de un acceso en la circulación es un componente crítico en la resucitación. La infusión intraósea fue descrita por primera vez en 1922 y utilizada para la administración de drogas en 1940, permitiendo un rápido acceso intravascular en pacientes críticamente enfermos, con el objetivo de demostrar sus beneficios en la reanimación infantil en situaciones emergentes. Se realizó una investigación longitudinal, prospectiva y descriptiva en el servicio de cuidados intensivos pediátricos del Hospital General Docente Comandante Pinares, San Cristóbal. Pinar del Río. Cuba. En la etapa comprendida entre enero-1999 a diciembre-2001. Se estudiaron 11 pacientes menores de 5 años que necesitaron medidas de reanimación, realizándose una encuesta que contaba con las siguientes variables: edad, diagnóstico al ingreso, tiempo de obtención de la vía y mantenimiento, drogas, fluidos administrados y complicaciones, se le aplicó el método de estadística descriptivo, distribución de frecuencia y test de proporción. Se concluyó que el 28,2 % (11) de la muestra requirió canalización intraósea, los lactantes (menores de 6 meses) con deshidratación severa necesitaron esta vía en el 54,5% (6), se logró obtener en un tiempo menor de un minuto en 81,8% (7) de los pacientes y se mantuvo hasta 4 horas en el 90,9% de los casos estudiados, las drogas y fluidos mayormente administrados fueron las catecolaminas y la solución salina fisiológica en el 63,6% y el 100% respectivamente, es una técnica con muy raras complicaciones reportándose solo un 9,1%. DeCS: INFUSIÓN INTRAÓSEA, SITUACIONES EMERGENTES, REANIMACIÓN, CATECOLAMINAS, ACCESO INTRAVASCULAR. ABSTRACTThe establishment of an access in Circulation is a very important component in resuscitation. The intraosseous infusion was described for the first time in 1922 and use to administer medications in 1940 allowing a fast intravascular access in critically ill patients. A longitudinal, prospective and descriptive research was carried out at Intensive Care Pediatric Unit belonging to Comandante Pinares General Hospital, San Cristobal, Pinar del Rio aimed at showing its benefits in child resuscitation mainly in emergent situations. During January 1999 to December 2001 eleven patients under 5 years old needing resuscitation measures were studied. A survey taking into account age, diagnosis at admission, time obtained for route and maintenance, drugs, administration of fluids and complications was conducted. Descriptive method, frequency distribution and proportion test were statistically used. Concluding that 28.2 % (11) of the sample required intraosseous infusions, infants (under 6 months) suffering from severe dehydration needed this via (54.5 %) (6), it was obtained (less than a minute) the 81.8 % (7) of the patients and the maintenance was 4 hours in the 90.9 % of the cases studied, drugs and fluids having a greater administration were catecholamines and hypertonic saline solution in 63.6 % and in 100 % of the cases respectively, this technique provoked scarcely complications, only 9.1 % could be reported. DeCS: INTRAOSSEOUS INFUSION, CRITICAL CARE, RESUSCITATION, CATECHOLAMINES, INTRAVASCULAR ACCESS

The search for transient astrophysical neutrino emission with IceCube-DeepCore

We present the results of a search for astrophysical sources of brief transient neutrino emission using IceCube and DeepCore data acquired between 2012 May 15 and 2013 April 30. While the search methods employed in this analysis are similar to those used in previous IceCube point source searches, the data set being examined consists of a sample of predominantly sub-TeV muon-neutrinos from the Northern Sky (-5 degrees < delta < 90 degrees) obtained through a novel event selection method. This search represents a first attempt by IceCube to identify astrophysical neutrino sources in this relatively unexplored energy range. The reconstructed direction and time of arrival of neutrino events are used to search for any significant self-correlation in the data set. The data revealed no significant source of transient neutrino emission. This result has been used to construct limits at timescales ranging from roughly 1 s to 10 days for generic soft-spectra transients. We also present limits on a specific model of neutrino emission from soft jets in core-collapse supernovae