5,653 research outputs found
Changing Perspectives on Context
The purpose of this article is to show how older, largely context-free models of reading and its instruction became changed into a multidimensional, context-dependent orientation toward written language and the reading process. This change was influenced by an identical trend in linguistics, which also shifted from an over-reliance upon isolated pieces of language to a stufy of naturalistic, connective texts (Kintsch, 1974). The article concludes with suggestions for using a variety of contextual strategies to increase reading comprehension
The Offline Software Framework of the Pierre Auger Observatory
The Pierre Auger Observatory is designed to unveil the nature and the origins
of the highest energy cosmic rays. The large and geographically dispersed
collaboration of physicists and the wide-ranging collection of simulation and
reconstruction tasks pose some special challenges for the offline analysis
software. We have designed and implemented a general purpose framework which
allows collaborators to contribute algorithms and sequencing instructions to
build up the variety of applications they require. The framework includes
machinery to manage these user codes, to organize the abundance of
user-contributed configuration files, to facilitate multi-format file handling,
and to provide access to event and time-dependent detector information which
can reside in various data sources. A number of utilities are also provided,
including a novel geometry package which allows manipulation of abstract
geometrical objects independent of coordinate system choice. The framework is
implemented in C++, and takes advantage of object oriented design and common
open source tools, while keeping the user side simple enough for C++ novices to
learn in a reasonable time. The distribution system incorporates unit and
acceptance testing in order to support rapid development of both the core
framework and contributed user code.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, presented at IEEE NSS/MIC, 23-29 October 2005,
Puerto Ric
The Force-Velocity Relation for Growing Biopolymers
The process of force generation by the growth of biopolymers is simulated via
a Langevin-dynamics approach. The interaction forces are taken to have simple
forms that favor the growth of straight fibers from solution. The
force-velocity relation is obtained from the simulations for two versions of
the monomer-monomer force field. It is found that the growth rate drops off
more rapidly with applied force than expected from the simplest theories based
on thermal motion of the obstacle. The discrepancies amount to a factor of
three or more when the applied force exceeds 2.5kT/a, where a is the step size
for the polymer growth. These results are explained on the basis of restricted
diffusion of monomers near the fiber tip. It is also found that the mobility of
the obstacle has little effect on the growth rate, over a broad range.Comment: Latex source, 9 postscript figures, uses psfig.st
The Offline Software Framework of the Pierre Auger Observatory
To be published in the ProceedingsInternational audienceThe Pierre Auger Observatory is designed to unveil the nature and the origins of the highest energy cosmic rays. The large and geographically dispersed collaboration of physicists and the wide-ranging collection of simulation and reconstruction tasks pose some special challenges for the offline analysis software. We have designed and implemented a general purpose framework which allows collaborators to contribute algorithms and sequencing instructions to build up the variety of applications they require. The framework includes machinery to manage these user codes, to organize the abundance of user-contributed configuration files, to facilitate multi-format file handling, and to provide access to event and time-dependent detector information which can reside in various data sources. A number of utilities are also provided, including a novel geometry package which allows manipulation of abstract geometrical objects independent of coordinate system choice. The framework is implemented in C++, and takes advantage of object oriented design and common open source tools, while keeping the user side simple enough for C++ novices to learn in a reasonable time. The distribution system incorporates unit and acceptance testing in order to support rapid development of both the core framework and contributed user code
The Pierre Auger Observatory offline software
The Pierre Auger Observatory aims to discover the nature and origins of the highest energy cosmic rays. The large number of physicists involved in the project and the diversity of simulation and reconstruction tasks pose a challenge for the offline analysis software, not unlike the challenges confronting software for very large high energy physics experiments. Previously we have reported on the design and implementation of a general purpose but relatively lightweight framework which allows collaborators to contribute algorithms and sequencing instructions to build up the variety of applications they require. In this report, we update the status of this work and describe some of the successes and difficulties encountered over the last few years of use. We explain the machinery used to manage user contributions, to organize the abundance of configuration files, to facilitate multi-format file handling, and to provide access to event and time-dependent detector information residing in various data sources. We also describe the testing procedures used to help maintain stability of the code in the face of a large number of contributions. Foundation classes will also be discussed, including a novel geometry package which allows manipulation of abstract geometrical objects independent of coordinate system choice
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