A Comparison of Sexual Desire and Self-esteem among Monolinguals and Bilinguals

Introduction and aim: Most humans have sexual desire. Most people are nymphomaniac, have sexual desire and they are attracted by each other and want to have sex with self or others. Sexual desire can be pleasurable and cause happiness and companionship. Safe sexual relationship includes conscious expressing and positive sexual energy in order to increase self-esteem, physical health, emotional relationship and excellence of personality with mutual benefit. Self-esteem is the feeling of being valued. This sense arises from a set of thoughts, feelings, emotions and our experiences in life. Self-esteem is equal to real self-confidence. Since during the various researches, psychological activities of monolinguals are reported to be different from bilinguals, this study aims to compare sexual desire and self-esteem between bilinguals and monolinguals Methods: 19 monolinguals and 22 bilinguals of female psychology students participated in this study. The data collection instruments were Hulbert’s sexual desire questionnaire and Cooper Smite’s self-esteem questionnaire. Data analysis was performed through SPSS software and statistical test of multivariate analysis of variance. Results: Data analysis showed that there is a significant difference in self-esteem and sexual desire of monolinguals with bilinguals (P ≤ 0/05). According to data, the four subscales rate of public esteem, family self-esteem, social self-esteem, occupational–educational self esteem and also general self-esteem are more in bilinguals than monolinguals and sexual desire was seen in bilinguals more than monolinguals. Generally we can say that self-esteem and sexual desire are in bilinguals more than monolinguals. Conclusion: Due to the existence of significant difference in sexual desire and self-esteem of monolinguals with bilinguals, it can be said that the high levels of self-esteem and sexual desire can be caused by a variety of factors such as cultural values, family customs, different parenting styles of parents, widespread social interaction. Since few studies have been conducted in this area, it requires further research in order to offer counseling sessions with more knowledge and mastery according to the differences between various social groups

A Comparison of Sexual Desire and Self-esteem among Monolinguals and Bilinguals

Introduction and aim: Most humans have sexual desire. Most people are nymphomaniac, have sexual desire and they are attracted by each other and want to have sex with self or others. Sexual desire can be pleasurable and cause happiness and companionship. Safe sexual relationship includes conscious expressing and positive sexual energy in order to increase self-esteem, physical health, emotional relationship and excellence of personality with mutual benefit. Self-esteem is the feeling of being valued. This sense arises from a set of thoughts, feelings, emotions and our experiences in life. Self-esteem is equal to real self-confidence. Since during the various researches, psychological activities of monolinguals are reported to be different from bilinguals, this study aims to compare sexual desire and self-esteem between bilinguals and monolinguals Methods: 19 monolinguals and 22 bilinguals of female psychology students participated in this study. The data collection instruments were Hulbert’s sexual desire questionnaire and Cooper Smite’s self-esteem questionnaire. Data analysis was performed through SPSS software and statistical test of multivariate analysis of variance. Results: Data analysis showed that there is a significant difference in self-esteem and sexual desire of monolinguals with bilinguals (P ≤ 0/05). According to data, the four subscales rate of public esteem, family self-esteem, social self-esteem, occupational–educational self esteem and also general self-esteem are more in bilinguals than monolinguals and sexual desire was seen in bilinguals more than monolinguals. Generally we can say that self-esteem and sexual desire are in bilinguals more than monolinguals. Conclusion: Due to the existence of significant difference in sexual desire and self-esteem of monolinguals with bilinguals, it can be said that the high levels of self-esteem and sexual desire can be caused by a variety of factors such as cultural values, family customs, different parenting styles of parents, widespread social interaction. Since few studies have been conducted in this area, it requires further research in order to offer counseling sessions with more knowledge and mastery according to the differences between various social groups

A Comparison of Pursuing – Distancing and Dependency on Others among Monolinguals and bilinguals

Introduction and Purpose: Every man has a moral character. Some people are early familiar, some are late familiar, some are introverts and some are extroverts. Pursuing-distancing are related to the overall structure of relations between persons or the distance or space that exist between them and others. On the other hand, dependent individuals place their needs the subordinating of wandering needs, throw the main responsibilities of their life on others, they don't have self-confidence and if they remain alone for a short time, they feel worried and upset. This study aims to compare the pursuing-distancing rate and the rate of dependency on others in monolinguals and bilinguals. Methods: 19 monolinguals and 22 bilinguals of female psychology students of Shazand Payam Noor University participated in this study. The data collection instruments were Donald M. Bernstein's questionnaire of loving companion – steer scale and Robert M.A. Hershfield et al’s questionnaire of dependency on others. Data analysis was performed through SPSS software and statistical test of multivariate analysis of variance. Results: According to data analysis, there is no significant difference in dependency on others between monolinguals and bilinguals(P ≤ 0/05). So, generally, in dependency on others, the subscales of lack of self confidence and dependency are more seen in bilingual individuals. Autonomy is more seen in monolingual individuals compared to bilinguals and in subscales of pursuing-distancing significant difference was not found. Conclusion: The available significant difference in dependency on others between monolinguals and bilinguals can be caused by many factors such as ethnic and tribal customs, different parenting styles of parents and widespread social and cultural values. But the number of performed researches in this area is very limit. Particularly, most of performed research has been done on the dependent personality disorder. The results of this study will determine the need for further studies on this subject

A Comparison of Pursuing – Distancing and Dependency on Others among Monolinguals and bilinguals

Introduction and Purpose: Every man has a moral character. Some people are early familiar, some are late familiar, some are introverts and some are extroverts. Pursuing-distancing are related to the overall structure of relations between persons or the distance or space that exist between them and others. On the other hand, dependent individuals place their needs the subordinating of wandering needs, throw the main responsibilities of their life on others, they don't have self-confidence and if they remain alone for a short time, they feel worried and upset. This study aims to compare the pursuing-distancing rate and the rate of dependency on others in monolinguals and bilinguals. Methods: 19 monolinguals and 22 bilinguals of female psychology students of Shazand Payam Noor University participated in this study. The data collection instruments were Donald M. Bernstein's questionnaire of loving companion – steer scale and Robert M.A. Hershfield et al’s questionnaire of dependency on others. Data analysis was performed through SPSS software and statistical test of multivariate analysis of variance. Results: According to data analysis, there is no significant difference in dependency on others between monolinguals and bilinguals(P ≤ 0/05). So, generally, in dependency on others, the subscales of lack of self confidence and dependency are more seen in bilingual individuals. Autonomy is more seen in monolingual individuals compared to bilinguals and in subscales of pursuing-distancing significant difference was not found. Conclusion: The available significant difference in dependency on others between monolinguals and bilinguals can be caused by many factors such as ethnic and tribal customs, different parenting styles of parents and widespread social and cultural values. But the number of performed researches in this area is very limit. Particularly, most of performed research has been done on the dependent personality disorder. The results of this study will determine the need for further studies on this subject

A Comparison of Pursuing – Distancing and Dependency on Others among Monolinguals and bilinguals

Introduction and Purpose: Every man has a moral character. Some people are early familiar, some are late familiar, some are introverts and some are extroverts. Pursuing-distancing are related to the overall structure of relations between persons or the distance or space that exist between them and others. On the other hand, dependent individuals place their needs the subordinating of wandering needs, throw the main responsibilities of their life on others, they don't have self-confidence and if they remain alone for a short time, they feel worried and upset. This study aims to compare the pursuing-distancing rate and the rate of dependency on others in monolinguals and bilinguals. Methods: 19 monolinguals and 22 bilinguals of female psychology students of Shazand Payam Noor University participated in this study. The data collection instruments were Donald M. Bernstein's questionnaire of loving companion – steer scale and Robert M.A. Hershfield et al’s questionnaire of dependency on others. Data analysis was performed through SPSS software and statistical test of multivariate analysis of variance. Results: According to data analysis, there is no significant difference in dependency on others between monolinguals and bilinguals(P ≤ 0/05). So, generally, in dependency on others, the subscales of lack of self confidence and dependency are more seen in bilingual individuals. Autonomy is more seen in monolingual individuals compared to bilinguals and in subscales of pursuing-distancing significant difference was not found. Conclusion: The available significant difference in dependency on others between monolinguals and bilinguals can be caused by many factors such as ethnic and tribal customs, different parenting styles of parents and widespread social and cultural values. But the number of performed researches in this area is very limit. Particularly, most of performed research has been done on the dependent personality disorder. The results of this study will determine the need for further studies on this subject

The effects of trans-theoretical model and fear of dental care on dental cleaning behavior among students

Background: Fear of dental care prevents dental cleaning behavior and increases the prevalence of dental caries. This study was conducted to determine the effect of Trans-Theoretical Model constructs and fear of dental care on the dental cleaning behavior of students. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Sanandaj City, Iran, in 2017. Using multi-stage sampling, 1,344 male and female students were included in the study. They completed a self-report questionnaire, including demographic information, Trans-Theoretical Model constructs and fear of dental care. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22.0). Results: A total of 1,344 male and female students with a mean age of 15.22±2.64 years participated in the study; from the perspective of students, dental caries (88.4%) was the most frequent illness and tongue inflammation (0.6%) was the least frequent disease. Overall, 32.9% of the students used no tools for cleaning their teeth. Fear of dental care and perceived barriers were reduced significantly during the stages of dental cleaning behavior (p<0.05) and perceived self-efficacy and perceived benefits were significantly increased (p<0.001). The odds of dental cleaning behavior increased with self-efficacy (OR=1.34, 95%CI=1.22-1.48, p<0.05), and decreased with fear of dental care (OR=0.90, 95%CI=0.80-0.98, p<0.01). Conclusion: The findings showed dental cleaning behavior among students was at a low level and various factors such as perceived self-efficacy, benefits and barriers and fear of dental care influenced its performance

Experiences and Challenges of Families with Mental Disorders

This study aimed to identify the experiences and challenges of a person with a mental disorder. This research was carried out using a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The statistical population of this study was the families of Omid Farda rehabilitation center in Tehran. Twenty of the family were selected as sample size purposefully. The information was obtained using a semi-structured interview and then prepared in writing and analyzed through the thematic method. The result of this analysis consists of six major issues were: "lack of awareness", "problems of treatment", "problem of communication "," deprive of quietness and mental health of the family and social and legal problems", disruption of family function". The results show that families with a mental illness, experience bitter and bad problems. Because of being in such circumstances, they experience isolation, social exclusion, and stigma that this social exclusion leads to disruption of family function

Prediction of Mechanical Properties of Artificially Weathered Wood by Color Change and Machine Learning

Color parameters were used in this study to develop a machine learning model for predicting the mechanical properties of artificially weathered fir, alder, oak, and poplar wood. A CIELAB color measuring system was employed to study the color changes in wood samples. The color parameters were fed into a decision tree model for predicting the MOE and MOR values of the wood samples. The results indicated a reduction in the mechanical properties of the samples, where fir and alder were the most and least degraded wood under weathering conditions, respectively. The mechanical degradation was correlated with the color change, where the most resistant wood to color change exhibited less reduction in the mechanical properties. The predictive machine learning model estimated the MOE and MOR values with a maximum R² of 0.87 and 0.88, respectively. Thus, variations in the color parameters of wood can be considered informative features linked to the mechanical properties of small-sized and clear wood. Further research could study the effectiveness of the model when analyzing large-sized timber.Applied Science, Faculty ofNon UBCMechanical Engineering, Department ofReviewedFacult

Poremećaji neurokognitivne funkcije, mentalnoga zdravlja i razine glukoze u zemljoradnika izloženih organofosfornim pesticidima

About 25 million agricultural workers in the developing world suffer from at least one episode of poisoningeach year, mainly by anticholinesterase-like organophosphates (OPs). The objective of this cross-sectional study was to establish the OP toxicity in 187 occupationally exposed farmers in terms of neurocognitive impairment, mental health status, clinical symptoms, diabetes, and haematological factors. The exposed group was compared to 187 healthy age-, sex-, and education-matching controls. Neurocognitive impairment was measured using the Subjective Neurocognition Inventory (SNI) and mental health status using the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28). The subjects were also tested for fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), cholesterol (CL), triglycerides (TG), creatinine, oral glucose tolerance test (GTT), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The exposed farmers showed higher FBG (p<0.001), BUN (p=0.007), CL (p<0.001), oral GTT (p<0.001), and lower AST (p<0.001), ALP (p<0.001), and creatinine (p=0.004) than controls. The rates of anxiety/insomnia and severe depression were also significantly higher in the farmers than in controls (p=0.015 and p<0.001, respectively). Meanwhile, the rate of social dysfunction was signifi cantly lower than in controls (p<0.001). Disorders affecting psychomotor speed, selective attention, divided attention, verbal memory, nonverbal memory, prospective memory, spatial functioning, and initiative/energy were all lower in the farmers (p<0.001). Farmers showed clinical symptoms eczema, saliva secretion, fatigue, headache, sweating, abdominal pain, nausea, superior distal muscle weakness, inferior distal muscle weakness, inferior proximal muscle weakness, breath muscle weakness, hand tingling, foot tingling, epiphoria, polyuria, miosis, dyspnoea, bradycardia, and rhinorrhoea, which all signifi cantly correlated with the number of working years. These fi ndings indicate that farmers who work with OPs are prone to neuropsychological disorders and diabetes.Oko 25 milijuna zemljoradnika iz zemalja u razvoju imalo je barem jednu epizodu trovanja na godinu, uglavnom antikolinesteraznim organofosfatima. Cilj ovoga križnog ispitivanja bio je utvrditi u 187 profesionalno izloženih zemljoradnika toksično djelovanje organofosfata na neurokognitivnu funkciju, mentalno zdravlje, kliničke simptome, dijabetes i hematološke parametre. Izložena je skupina uspoređena s odgovarajućom kontrolnom skupinom od 187 ispitanika odgovarajuće dobi, spola i obrazovanja. Neurokognitivni poremećaj mjeren je s pomoću Inventara za subjektivnu procjenu neurokognitivne funkcije (izv. Subjective Neurocognition Inventory, krat. SNI), a mentalno zdravlje ocijenjeno s pomoću Upitnika o općem zdravstvenom stanju s 28 stavki (izv. General Health Questionnaire-28, krat. GHQ-28). Ispitanicima su također napravljene pretrage glukoze u krvi natašte (FBG), ureje u krvi (BUN), kolesterola (CL), triglicerida (TG), kreatinina, zatim test podnošljivosti oralne glukoze (GTT), lipoproteina visoke gustoće (HDL), aspartat aminotransferaze (AST), alanin aminotransferaze (ALT) i alkalne fosfataze (ALP). Izloženi zemljoradnici imali su značajno više nalaze FBG-a (p<0,001), BUN-a (p=0,007), CL-a (p<0,001) i GTT-a (p<0,001) te značajno niže nalaze AST-a (p<0,001), ALP-a (p<0,001) i kreatinina (p=0,004) od kontrolnih ispitanika. Također su u odnosu na kontrolu značajno češće imali tjeskobe/nesanice, odnosno snažnu depresiju (p=0,015, odnosno p<0,001). S druge strane, učestalost poremećaja socijalne funkcije bila je značajno manja nego u kontrolnih ispitanika (p<0,001). Svi poremećaji koji utječu na brzinu psihomotornog odgovora, selektivnu pažnju, podijeljenu pažnju, verbalno pamćenje, neverbalno pamćenje, prospektivno pamćenje, prostornu funkciju te inicijativu/energiju bili su slabije izraženi u zemljoradnika (p<0,001). Zemljoradnici su iskazali kliničke simptome poput ekcema, slinjenja, umora, glavobolje, znojenja, boli u trbuhu, mučnine, slabosti gornjih i donjih, distalnih i proksimalnih mišića te respiratornih mišića, trnaca u šakama i stopalima, epiforije, poliurije, mioze, dispneje, bradikardije i curenja iz nosa, a svi su simptomi bili značajno povezani s godinama staža. Ovi rezultati ispitivanja upućuju na to da su zemljoradnici koji rade s organofosfatima skloniji neuropsihološkim poremećajima i dijabetesu