Variation in occupational exposure associated with musculoskeletal complaints:a cross-sectional study among professional bassists

Variation in occupational exposure is assumed to have a protective effect against the development of musculoskeletal complaints (MSC), but this common assumption is not strongly supported by the literature. Among musicians, who have a high prevalence of MSC, many play more than one type of instrument (multi-instrumentalism) for many hours a day. Since multi-instrumentalism implies greater variation in ergonomic load of specific musculoskeletal areas than mono-instrumentalism, musicians are a suitable study population to test whether the above assumption is true. To investigate in a sample of professional bass players whether multi-instrumentalists are less likely to have MSC than mono-instrumentalists. Participants were 141 professional and professional student double bassists and bass guitarists. Demographic, MSC and exposure characteristics were collected online with self-constructed and existing questionnaires. Logistic regression analysis was used to test the association between multi- versus mono-instrumentalism and MSC, adjusted for confounders. The prevalence of having MSC in the neck, back, right shoulder area and both wrist areas did not differ significantly between the two groups. Further analysis revealed that the likelihood of having MSC in the left shoulder area was higher in multi-instrumentalists compared to mono-instrumentalists (Odds ratio 0.30, 95% CI 0.119-0.753, p = 0.010). In this sample of professional bass players, no protective effect of multi-instrumentalism against MSC was found. Multi-instrumentalism was associated with a higher prevalence of MSC in the left shoulder. This result challenges theoretical and clinical assumptions in occupational and pain medicine

Quality and usability of clinical assessments of static standing and sitting posture:A systematic review

BACKGROUND: A validated method to assess sitting and standing posture in a clinical setting is needed to guide diagnosis, treatment and evaluation of these postures. At present, no systematic overview of assessment methods, their clinimetric properties, and usability is available. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to provide such an overview and to interpret the results for clinical practice. METHODS: A systematic literature review was performed according to international guidelines. Two independent reviewers assessed risk of bias, clinimetric values of the assessment methods, and their usability. Quality of evidence and strength of recommendations were determined according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation working group (GRADE). RESULTS: Out of 27,680 records, 41 eligible studies were included. Thirty-two assessment instruments were identified, clustered into five categories. The methodological quality of 27 (66%) of the articles was moderate to good. Reliability was most frequently studied. Little information was found about validity and none about responsiveness. CONCLUSIONS: Based on a moderate level of evidence, a tentative recommendation can be made to use a direct visual observation method with global posture recorded by a trained observer applying a rating scale

Targeted DNA Methylation by a DNA Methyltransferase Coupled to a Triple Helix Forming Oligonucleotide To Down-Regulate the Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule

The epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a membrane glycoprotein that has been identified as a marker of cancer-initiating cells. EpCAM is highly expressed on most carcinomas, and transient silencing of EpCAM expression leads to reduced oncogenic potential. To silence the EpCAM gene in a persistent manner via targeted DNA methylation, a low activity mutant (C141S) of the CpG-specific DNA methyltransferase M.SssI was coupled to a triple-helix-forming oligonucleotide (TFO−C141S) specifically designed for the EpCAM gene. Reporter plasmids encoding the green fluorescent protein under control of different EpCAM promoter fragments were treated with the TFO−C141S conjugate to determine the specificity of targeted DNA methylation in the context of a functional EpCAM promoter. Treatment of the plasmids with TFO−C141S resulted in efficient and specific methylation of the targeted CpG located directly downstream of the triple helix forming site (TFS). No background DNA methylation was observed neither in a 700 bp region of the EpCAM promoter nor in a 400 bp region of the reporter gene downstream of the TFS. Methylation of the target CpG did not have a detectable effect on promoter activity. This study shows that the combination of a specific TFO and a reduced activity methyltransferase variant can be used to target DNA methylation to predetermined sites with high specificity, allowing determination of crucial CpGs for promoter activity

Initial steps towards an evidence-based classification system for golfers with a physical impairment

Purpose: The present narrative review aims to make a first step towards an evidence-based classification system in handigolf following the International Paralympic Committee (IPC). It intends to create a conceptual framework of classification for handigolf and an agenda for future research. Method: Pubmed was searched on three themes: “Classification in Paralympic sports”, “Performance determining factors in golf” and “Impact of impairments on golf performance”. IPC-regulations were gathered on the IPC-website and their official publications. Results: In developing a classification system conform IPC-regulations, the main challenge is to identify the activity limitation caused by the impairment, not influenced by training, talent or motivation. Timing, accuracy and control, work per joint, range of motion, balance and flexibility are important performance determining factors in abled-bodied golf and should be considered when determining activity limitations in handigolf. Only five articles on handigolf were found, mainly addressing the asymmetric golf movement. Based on the present review, a conceptual framework for classification was developed, while a future research agenda was designated. The conceptual framework presents factors that are essential for sports performance categorized under “technology”, “interface” and “athlete characteristics”. It also includes impairment related factors essential for determining eligibility and classification. Ideally, measures to be used during classification need to be resistant against training, natural development of the athlete’s talent and motivational changes. Conclusions: The conceptual framework and a multidimensional scientific research agenda will support further development of the knowledge base required for an evidence-based classification in handigolf, including multi-level analysis of player statistics, experimental analyses of biomechanics and modeling studies.Implications for Rehabilitation The main challenge in developing an evidence-based classification system conform IPC-regulations is defining eligibility criteria and sport classes based on activity limitation caused by only the impairment and not affected by training, talent and motivation. It is expected that a transparent classification system, a lively competition and admission to the Paralympic program will further promote participation in disabled golf. Timing, accuracy and control, work per joint, range of motion, balance and flexibility are of greater importance for golf performance in able-bodied golfers and expected to be of interest to incorporate in classification for handigolf. Side and level of amputation influence activity limitation in the asymmetric golf movement, and should be incorporated in classification. The proposed conceptual framework is fundamental to the research agenda that must further generate the knowledge-base to determine activity limitations caused by different impairments in handigolf and may serve as a guideline for other Paralympic sports in the development of evidence-based classification

Physical functioning and quality of life after cancer rehabilitation

Physical functioning and quality of life after cancer rehabilitation van Weert, E; Hoekstra-Weebers, JEHM; Grol, BMF; Otter, R; Arendzen, JH; Postema, K; van der Schans, CP Con el fin de superar los problemas relacionados con el cá ncer y mejorar la calidad de vida, se desarrolló un programa de rehabilitació n multifocal intensiva para pacientes oncoló gicos. Nuestra hipó tesis era que un programa de rehabilitació n intensiva de seis semanas de duració n se traduciría en mejorías fisioló gicas y de la calidad de vida. Treinta y cuatro pacientes con problemas físicos y psicosociales relacionados con el cá ncer. A´mbito: Centro de rehabilitació n. Disen˜o: Estudio observacional prospectivo. Intervencio´n: Un programa de rehabilitació n multifocal intensiva de seis semanas constituido por cuatro componentes: ejercicio individual, deportes, psicoeducació n e informació n. Criterios de valoracio´n: Ejercicio en bicicleta ergomé trica limitado por los síntomas, fuerza muscular y calidad de vida (RAND-36, RSCL y MFI). Las mediciones se hicieron antes (T0) y despué s de seis semanas de rehabilitació n (T1). Despué s del programa de rehabilitació n intensiva se observaron mejorías estadísti-camente significativas en el ejercicio en bicicleta ergomé trica limitado por los síntomas, en la fuerza muscular y en varios dominios del RAND-36, RSCL y MFI. El programa de rehabilitació n multifocal intensiva de seis semanas tuvo efectos beneficiosos inmediatos sobre las variables fisioló gicas, la calidad de vida y la fatiga

Tizanidine does not affect the linear relation of stretch duration to the long latency M2 response of m. flexor carpi radialis

The long latency M2 electromyographic response of a suddenly stretched active muscle is stretch duration dependent of which the nature is unclear. We investigated the influence of the group II afferent blocker tizanidine on M2 response characteristics of the m. flexor carpi radialis (FCR). M2 response magnitude and eliciting probability in a group of subjects receiving 4 mg of tizanidine orally were found to be significantly depressed by tizanidine while tizanidine did not affect the significant linear relation of the M2 response to stretch duration. The effect of tizanidine on the M2 response of FCR is supportive of a group II afferent contribution to a compound response of which the stretch duration dependency originates from a different mechanism, e.g., rebound Ia firing

The relation between neuromechanical parameters and Ashworth score in stroke patients

Quantifying increased joint resistance into its contributing factors i.e. stiffness and viscosity ("hypertonia") and stretch reflexes ("hyperreflexia") is important in stroke rehabilitation. Existing clinical tests, such as the Ashworth Score, do not permit discrimination between underlying tissue and reflexive (neural) properties. We propose an instrumented identification paradigm for early and tailor made interventions.BioMechanical EngineeringMechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineerin

Muscle weakness and lack of reflex gain adaptation predominate during post-stroke posture control of the wrist

Instead of hyper-reflexia as sole paradigm, post-stroke movement disorders are currently considered the result of a complex interplay between neuronal and muscular properties, modified by level of activity. We used a closed loop system identification technique to quantify individual contributors to wrist joint stiffness during an active posture task. Continuous random torque perturbations applied to the wrist joint by a haptic manipulator had to be resisted maximally. Reflex provoking conditions were applied i.e. additional viscous loads and reduced perturbation signal bandwidth. Linear system identification and neuromuscular modeling were used to separate joint stiffness into the intrinsic resistance of the muscles including co-contraction and the reflex mediated contribution. Compared to an age and sex matched control group, patients showed an overall 50% drop in intrinsic elasticity while their reflexive contribution did not respond to provoking conditions. Patients showed an increased mechanical stability compared to control subjects. Post stroke, we found active posture tasking to be dominated by: 1) muscle weakness and 2) lack of reflex adaptation. This adds to existing doubts on reflex blocking therapy as the sole paradigm to improve active task performance and draws attention to muscle strength and power recovery and the role of the inability to modulate reflexes in post stroke movement disorders.Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineerin