Learning from transgenics: Advanced gene editing technologies should also bridge the gap with traditional genetic selection

We highlight the importance of the mixed genetic approaches (classical and currents) to improve the social perception related to the GMOs acceptance. We pointed out that CRISPR/Cas9 events could carry DNA variability/rearrangements related to somaclonal variations or epigenetic changes that are independent from the editing per se. The transformation of single cells, followed by plant regeneration, is used to generate modified plants, transgenic or genome editing (CRISPR/Cas9). The incidence of undesirable somaclonal variations and/or epigenetic changes that might have occurred during in vitro multiplication and regeneration processes, must be carefully analyzed in replicates in field trials. One remarkable challenge is related to the time lapse that selects the modified elite genotypes, because these strategies may spend a variable amount of time before the results are commercialized, where in all the cases it should be take into account the genotype × environment interactions. Furthermore, this combination of techniques can create an encouraging bridge between the public opinion and the community of geneticists who are concerned with plant genetic improvement. In this context, either transgenesis or genomic editing strategies become complementary modern tools to facing the challenges of plant genetic improvement. Their applications will depend on case-by-case analysis, and when possible will necessary associate them to the schemes and bases of classic plant genetic improvement.How to cite: Arencibia A, D'Afonseca V, Chakravarthi M, et al. Learning from transgenics: Advanced gene editing technologies should also bridge the gap with traditional genetic selection. Electron J Biotechnol 2019;41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2019.06.001 Keywords: CRISPR-Cas systems, DNA methylation, Epigenetics, Gene editing, Genetic improvement, Genome editing, Gmos, Mutagenesis, Somaclonal variants, Transgenesis, Transgenic technolog

ClineCor, multimedia sobre electrocardiografía clínica para estudiantes de ciencias médicas

Introduction: the electrocardiographic study of cardiovascular diseases is part of the medical science syllabuses; and in many occasions it is difficult for students to understand it.Objective: to prepare a multimedia on clinical electrocardiography for medical science students.Method: a study based on technological innovation was carried out in the academic course 2017-2018, at Santiago de Cuba University of Medical Sciences. Different application software was used for multimedia development; as well as theoretical and empirical methods. A survey was applied to assess the quality and applicability to 120 third-year students and 30 professors.Results: 83,87 % of students were female; where the 60 % of professors were male, 46,67 % had between 6 and 10 years of experience as professors and 50 % hold the Master of Science degree. More than the 63 % of students and professors considered as good all the dimensions included. Only poor evaluations were given respect the applicability as a means to facilitate learning and consolidation of knowledge (6,67 %); and product functionality by professors (6,67 %); students evaluated as poor the update of the staff that made used of it (2,15 %), and product functionality (8,60 %).Conclusions: this multimedia is a useful tool in the teaching-learning process for the training of basic electrocardiography, since it provides professors with an auxiliary means and supplies updated information on cardiovascular diseases.Introducción: el estudio electrocardiográfico de las enfermedades cardiovasculares forma parte de los planes de estudio de las ciencias médicas; y en muchas ocasiones es de difícil comprensión por el estudiantado.Objetivo: confeccionar una multimedia sobre electrocardiografía clínica para estudiantes de ciencias médicaMétodo: Se realizó un estudio de innovación tecnológica en el trascurso del curso escolar 2017-2018, en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba. Se emplearon diferentes softwares para el desarrollo de la multimedia; así como métodos teóricos y empíricos. Se aplicó una encuesta para evaluar la calidad y aplicabilidad a 120 estudiantes de tercer año y 30 docentes.Resultados: El 83,87 % de los estudiantes fueron del sexo femenino. De los docentes el 60 % son de sexo masculino, el 46,67 % tiene entre 6 y 10 años de experiencia como docente y el 50 % ostenta la categoría de Master en Ciencias. Más del 63 % tanto de estudiantes como docentes evaluaron como buena todas las dimensiones. Solo se obtuvieron evaluaciones malas la aplicabilidad como medio para facilitar el aprendizaje y consolidación del conocimiento (6,67 %) y funcionalidad del producto (6,67 %) por parte de los docentes; y los estudiantes evaluaron como mala la actualización al personal que lo emplee (2,15 %) y funcionalidad del producto (8,60 %).Conclusiones: la multimedia aplicada constituye una herramienta útil en el proceso docente educativo para la enseñanza de la electrocardiografía básica, puesto que sirve a los docentes como medio auxiliar y brinda información actualizada sobre las enfermedades cardiovasculares

Empleo de AFLP en el estudio de somaclones resistentes a la roya de la caña de azúcar

AFLPs (amplified fragment length polymorphism) was carried out from genomic DNA of five rust resistant sugar cane somaclons and their susceptible donor, Saccharum officinarum var B 4362, using three combinations of primers (EcoRI/aca: MseI/acc; EcoRI/aca: MseI/atg and EcoRI/aca: MseI/agg). Six polymorphic bands were obtained, two of these only appeared in the resistant genotypes, which are probably DNA sequences, related to rust resistance locus. These fragments have been cloned to study their nucleotide sequence and to investigate their roll in resistance mechanism develop by these mutants during Puccinia melanocephala infection.Key words: molecular markers, Puccinia. melanocephala, SaccharumA partir del ADN genómico extraído de cinco somaclones de caña de azúcar resistentes a la roya y su donante susceptible, Saccharum officinarum var B 43-62, se realizaron AFLPs (amplified fragment length polymorphism) utilizando tres combinaciones de cebadores (EcoRI/aca : MseI/acc ; EcoRI/aca : MseI/atg y EcoRI/aca : MseI/agg). Fueron obtenidas seis bandas polimórficas, de las cuales dos aparecieron solamente en los genotipos resistentes, las que probablemente estén relacionadas con el carácter de resistencia a la roya. Éstos fragmentos fueron clonados, con el objetivo de determinar su secuencia nucleotídica y estudiar el papel que desempeñan dentro del mecanismo de resistencia que desarrollan estos somaclones frente a la infección por Puccinia melanocephala.Palabras clave: marcadores moleculares, Puccinia melanocephala, Saccharu

El estrés oxidativo en la diabetes mellitus: papel de la vitamina E y antioxidantes endógeno

Introduction: diabetes mellitus is a clinical entity resulting in poor insulin secretion that can be absolute or relative. Hyperglycemia is the biochemical marker of this entity and it is the cause of the characteristic symptoms of its poor control. Hyperglycemia causes neuropathies, nephropathies, microangiopathy and macroangiopathy. Objective: to describe the behavior of vitamin E and endogenous antioxidants in the oxidative stress due to chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus and the characteristics of these antioxidants. Conclusions: knowledge updating with respect of vitamins actions and other markers properly used, are crucial for the therapeutic to be followed or as stress markers of this entity, contributing to the instruction of health personnel and to the quality of medical care for the patients diagnosed with a preventable chronic disease.Introducción: la diabetes mellitus es una entidad clínica resultado de la secreción deficiente de insulina que puede ser absoluta o relativa. El marcador bioquímico de la entidad es la hiperglucemia y es la causa de los síntomas característicos de su mal control. La hiperglucemia produce neuropatías, nefropatías, microangiopatía y macroangiopatía.Objetivo: describir el comportamiento de la vitamina E y antioxidantes endógenos en el estrés oxidativo por hiperglucemia crónica en el curso de la diabetes mellitus y las características de estos como antioxidantes. Conclusiones: el conocimiento actualizado de las acciones vitamínicas y otros marcadores debidamente utilizados, son determinantes en la terapéutica o como marcadores de estrés en dicha entidad y contribuyen a la preparación del personal de salud en la calidad de la asistencia médica a los pacientes diagnosticados de una enfermedad crónica prevenible

Induction of defensive responses in sugarcane against Sugarcane mosaic virus with two bioproducts

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), main sugar crop worldwide, is affected by multiple pathogens. One of the most important viral diseases in this crop is mosaic, caused by Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV). This research was conducted with the objective of demonstrating the ability of two bioproducts to induce defenses response against this virus. The first based on the encapsulation of the endopolygalacturonase enzyme of the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus CCEBI 2011 and another whose active principle is constituted by phenolic compounds produced by sugarcane in temporary immersion bioreactors. SP70-1284 cultivars susceptible to SCMV and resistant C323-68 were treated with the bioproducts and inoculated with SCMV. The severity of the infection, the accumulation of superoxide radicals and the expression of 10 defense-related genes were evaluated. The resistant cultivar did not show symptoms of infection during the development of the experiment, while in the susceptible the application of both bioproducts decreased the severity of the infection between 38.9 and 44.4% with respect to the control. The presence of superoxide radicals was observed in the first hours of sugarcane-SCMV interaction, while at 28 days’ post inoculation, a differentiated expression of three genes related to antiviral defense was observed. The ability of both bioproducts to induce defensive responses in sugarcane against SCMV was demonstrated

Examination of façade panels

The purpose of this report is to present some of the market's façade panels and to do a survey of Masonite façade panels and compare. Therefore I have looked closer on potential competitors and studied their assembly method and properties. I will also propose suggestions on installing Masonite panels and improvements to the current carrying system. The carrying system for façade panels in general.   Various key people in various areas of the construction industry have been interviewed. People with a wide knowledge of theory and with real work experience have been my main focuses too implement this survey. I have also collected data from the façade panel system’s properties.   There are benefits with Masonites façade panel but I also found that there is a possibility to make changes to improve their properties. The improvements are only theory and not tested in practice, but it could be a good start for improvement on the façade constructions. The results of my research and my proposals are explained in more details later on in this essay.Syftet med den här rapporten är att redovisa en del av marknadens fasadskivor. En kartläggning av Masonite skivans eventuella konkurrenter samt undersökning av deras monteringssystem och egenskaper. I den här rapporten kommer jag även att föreslå förslag på montering av Masonites skivor och förbättringar av dagens läktsystem. Det som bär upp fasadaskivorna i allmänhet. Olika nyckelpersoner inom olika områden i byggbranschen har intervjuats. Personer med breda kunskaper om teori och monteringserfarenhet. Samt faktainsamling för kartläggning av marknadens fasadskivors egenskaper. Det finns fördelar med Masonites fasadskiva jämfört med konkurrenterna och det finns möjlighet att göra förbättringar på dagens läktsystem. De förbättringarna är endast teoretiska och inte beprövade i praktiken, men kan vara en bra start till utveckling av dagens fasadkonstruktioner. De förslag som jag kommit fram till finns redovisade i den här rapporten

METODO DI BIOREATTORE AD IMMERSIONE TEMPORANEA E RELATIVO PRODOTTO

A temporary immersion bioreactor method and a product obtained therefrom, the method comprising steps of: a. inserting one or more plants (200) capable of enacting photosynthesis into a container (110); b. inserting a liquid medium (205) into the container (110), such as to immerse the plants (200), leaving the plants (200) immersed for a period of time such as to multiply the plants and grow vegetable biomass; c. removing the liquid medium (205) from the container (110) and leaving the plants (200) in an air atmosphere with added carbon dioxide for a further period of time; d. repeating steps b. and c. in alternation for a predefined total period of time, exposing the plants (200) to a photosynthetically-active radiation

A TEMPORARY IMMERSION BIOREACTOR METHOD AND RELATIVE PRODUCT

A temporary immersion bioreactor method and a product obtained therefrom, the method comprising steps of: a. in serting one or more plants (200) capable of enacting photosynthesis into a container ( 110); b. inserting a liquid medium (205) into the container ( 110), such as to immerse the plants (200), leaving the plants (200) immersed for a period of time such as to multiply o the plants and grow vegetable biomass; c. removing the liquid medium (205) from the container ( 110) and leaving the plants (200) in an air atmosphere with added carbon dioxide for a further period of time; d. repeating steps b. and c. in alternation for a predefined total period of time, exposing the plants (200) to a photosynthetically-active radiation

A temporary immersion bioreactor method and relative product - WO 2014072962 A1

The present invention is in general a temporary immersion bioreactor method (TIB) . More specifically, the present invention is a temporary immersion bioreactor method for a production of a natural phytocomplex. As it is known, a main objective of contemporary agricultural production is to increase crop yields while reducing costs. To obtain this objective, efforts are generally made to intervene on all abiotic and biotic environmental factors that might harm crops and reduce yields