Split Boot -- True Network-Based Booting on Heterogeneous MPSoCs

In the context of the High-Luminosity (HL) upgrade of the LHC, many custom ATCA electronics boards are being designed containing heterogeneous System-on-Chip (SoC) devices, more specifically the Xilinx Zynq UltraScale+ (ZUS+) family. While the application varies greatly, these devices are regularly used for performing board management tasks, making them a fundamental element in the correct operation of the board. The large number of hundreds of SoC devices creates significant challenges in their firmware deployment, maintenance, and accessibility. Even though U-Boot on ZUS+ devices supports network boot through the Preboot Execution Environment (PXE), the standard ZUS+ boot process contains application-specific information at earlier boot steps, particularly within the First Stage Bootloader (FSBL). This prevents the initialization of several devices from a universal image. Inspired by the PXE boot process on desktop PCs, this paper describes split boot, a novel boot method tailored to the specific needs of the ZUS+. All application-specific configuration is moved to a network storage device and automatically fetched during the boot process. We considered the entire process, from firmware and software development to binary distribution in a large-scale system. The developed method nicely integrates with the standard Xilinx development toolset workflow.Comment: 7 pages, double-column, 7 figures, 2 tables. Paper submitted as proceeding for the 23rd IEEE Real Time Conference (2022

OpenIPMC: a free and open source Intelligent Platform Management Controller

OpenIPMC is a free and open source firmware designed to operate as an Intelligent Platform Management Controller (IPMC). An IPMC is a fundamental component of electronic boards conformant to the Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture (ATCA) standard, currently being adopted by a number of high energy physics experiments, and is responsible for monitoring the health parameters of the board, managing its power states, and providing board control, debug and recovery functions to remote clients. OpenIPMC is based on the FreeRTOS real-time operating system and is designed to be architecture-independent, allowing it to be built for a variety of different Microcontrollers. Having a fully free and open source code is an innovative aspect for this kind of firmware, allowing full customization by the user. In this work we present the features and structure of OpenIPMC and its example implementations on Xilinx Zynq UltraScale+ (ZynqUS+), Espressif ESP32, and ST Microelectronics STM32 architectures.Comment: 8 pages, double-column, 9 figures, 2 tables. Paper submitted as proceeding for the IEEE Real-Time 2020 conferenc

Cartagena de Indias en el siglo XVI

Este volumen recoge los trabajos y comentarios presentados en el VI Simposio sobre la Historia de Cartagena: La ciudad en el siglo XVI, organizado por el Área Cultural del Banco de la República y llevado a cabo el 14 y 15 de septiembre de 2006. El siglo XVI cartagenero – el siglo de la ocupación española del territorio, de la fundación de la ciudad y de sus primeros pasos tentativos para convertirse en enclave urbano sostenible – tiene dos procesos distintivos:1. El primer contacto entre los europeos y las poblaciones nativas y sus consecuencias en distintos órdenes. 2. Los primeros y muy tentativos años de la vida urbana de Cartagena, si así se puede llamar – recordemos lo que nos dice Roberto Luís Jaramillo en su trabajo: Cartagena inicialmente fue “un precario emplazamiento español sobre un asentamiento indígena perfecto” – que culminan con los acontecimientos de la década de 1580 y el nuevo rumbo que toma la pequeña población desde entonces y, en especial, desde principios del siglo XVII.Iniciado el proceso de exploración y conquista, las huestes españolas proceden a fundar asentamientos aquí y allá, y a someter a las poblaciones nativas. Sin embargo, como bien lo dice Augusto Oyuela en su ensayo, es gigantesco nuestro desconocimiento de las bases económicas de las culturas indígenas que poblaban la actual Costa Caribe colombiana a la llegada de los españoles

Strategies and performance of the CMS silicon tracker alignment during LHC Run 2

The strategies for and the performance of the CMS silicon tracking system alignment during the 2015–2018 data-taking period of the LHC are described. The alignment procedures during and after data taking are explained. Alignment scenarios are also derived for use in the simulation of the detector response. Systematic effects, related to intrinsic symmetries of the alignment task or to external constraints, are discussed and illustrated for different scenarios

Precision measurement of the structure of the CMS inner tracking system using nuclear interactions

The structure of the CMS inner tracking system has been studied using nuclear interactions of hadrons striking its material. Data from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV recorded in 2015 at the LHC are used to reconstruct millions of secondary vertices from these nuclear interactions. Precise positions of the beam pipe and the inner tracking system elements, such as the pixel detector support tube, and barrel pixel detector inner shield and support rails, are determined using these vertices. These measurements are important for detector simulations, detector upgrades, and to identify any changes in the positions of inactive elements