Nilai-Nilai Edukasi Dalam Novel Akar Karya Dewi Lestari: Tinjauan Sosiologi Sastra Dan Implementasinya Dalam Pembelajaran Sastra Di SMA

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan latar belakang sosial budaya, struktur pembangun, dan nilai edukasi yang terdapat dalam novel Akar karya Dewi Lestari dengan menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi sastra. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik pustaka dan selanjutnya menggunakan teknik catat. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah metode dialektik . Hasil yang diperoleh pada penelitian yaitu (1) Unsur pembangun novel Akar yang meliputi: a) Tema yang digambarkan adalah perjuangan dan semangat dalam menemukan kesejatian diri, b) Tokoh utama yaitu Bodhi serta tokoh tambahan, yaitu Guru Liong, Tristan, Kell, dan Bong, c) Alur yang digunakan adalah alur sorot balik/mundur (flash back), dan d) Latar yang ditampilkan terdiri dari latar tempat, latar waktu, dan latar sosial. (2) Nilai edukasi yang terkandung dalam novel Akar meliputi: a) nilai penghargaan digambarkan dengan memberikan sesuatu sebagai rasa hormat kepada seseorang, b) nilai cinta yang ditunjukkan melalui cinta dan kasih sayang terhadap sesama, c) nilai toleransi digambarkan dengan menghargai perbedaan individu, d) nilai kerja sama ditunjukkan dengan bekerja bersama untuk mencapai tujuan bersama, dan e) nilai kebebasan digambarkan dengan terbebasnya pikiran negatif seseorang. Hasil penelitian ini dapat diimplementasikan dalam pembelajaran sastra di SMA sesuai SK membaca yaitu memahami berbagai hikayat, novel Indonesia/novel terjemahan dan KD menganalisis unsur-unsur intrinsik dan ekstrinsik novel Indonesia/terjemahan

Tomographic Imaging of the Agung-Batur Volcano Complex, Bali, Indonesia, From the Ambient Seismic Noise Field

The Agung-Batur Volcanic Complex (ABVC), part of the Sunda volcanic arc, is the source of some of the most hazardous volcanic activity in Indonesia. The ABVC has undergone many small (VEI 1-2) eruptions since historical records began in the early 19th century, but Mt. Agung has experienced much larger (VEI 5) eruptions, both in the modern (1963) and historical (1843) eras, as well as several times during the past 2000-3000 years. The 1963 eruption caused more than 1000 deaths, and a more recent eruption in 2017 caused the evacuation of 140,000 people. Delineating the magma structure beneath ABVC is an important first step in understanding the physics of these eruptions. This paper presents the first local-scale study of Rayleigh wave group velocity structure and the seismic velocity structure beneath the ABVC using ambient seismic noise tomography. Seismic data were collected using 25 seismometers deployed across the ABVC during early January to March 2019. The local seismic network provides good resolution beneath both Mt. Agung and Mt. Batur. We obtained 158 Rayleigh Green's Functions, extracted by cross correlating noise simultaneously recorded at available station pairs. We used sub-space inversion to calculate group velocity at different periods and to estimate the lateral variations in group velocity for given periods. 2-D tomographic maps obtained from the inversion of the group velocity of Rayleigh waves clearly showed some pronounced velocity anomalies beneath the ABVC. We applied the Neighbourhood Algorithm (NA) technique to invert the Rayleigh wave dispersion curves to obtain shear wave velocity (Vs) vs. depth profiles. These profiles indicate a low Vs of about 1 km/s underlying the volcanic complex between Mt. Agung and Mt. Batur at depths up to 2 km, which we suggest is due to a combination of low-Vs volcanic deposits as well as a shallow hydrothermal fluids system associated with magma fluids and/or gases produced by magma intrusion at depths >7 km.This work was supported by the USAID’s PEER (Partnership for Enhance Engagement in Research) program with agreement number AID-OAA-A-11-00012, partially supported by P3MI of Global Geophysics Research Group, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology 2019 awarded to ZZ. 20 of the instrument sets used in the Agung Seismic Experiment were from the Australia-Indonesia Tectonics Observatory, funded by the Australian National University Major Equipment Committee Grant 17MEC33

Earthquake monitoring of the Baribis Fault near Jakarta, Indonesia, using borehole seismometers

Abstract: The geological setting of Jakarta and its immediate surroundings are poorly understood, yet it is one of the few places in Indonesia that is impacted by earthquakes from both the Java subduction zone and active faults on land. In this study, a borehole seismic experiment with low noise characteristics was deployed to record seismic activity on the ~ E-W oriented Baribis Fault, which is ~ 130 km long, passes to the south of Jakarta, and is only ~ 20 km away at its nearest point. A primary objective of this study is to determine whether this fault is seismically active, and therefore, whether it might pose a threat to nearby population centers, including Jakarta in particular. A total of seven broadband instruments that spanned Jakarta and the surrounding region were installed between the end of July 2019 and August 2020, during which time we were able to detect and locate 91 earthquakes. Two earthquakes were located close to the Baribis Fault line, one of which was felt in Bekasi (southeast of Jakarta) where it registered II-III on the Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) scale. The focal mechanism solutions of these events indicate the presence of a thrust fault, which is in good agreement with previous studies, and suggest that the Baribis Fault is active

Pengaruh Pupuk Kandang Ayam dalam Mengurangi Penggunaan Pupuk Nitrogen Anorganik pada Selada Daun (Lactuca sativa L. var. crispa)

Tingkat konsumsi yang tinggi menuntut produktivitas tanaman selada daun juga meningkat dan peningkatan produksi dipengaruhi oleh kesuburan tanah. Kesuburan tanah di dapat dari pemberian pupuk nitrogen dan pupuk kandang ayam. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pupuk kandang ayam dalam mengurangi penggunaan pupuk nitrogen anorganik pada tanaman selada daun (Lactuca sativa L. var. crispa). Percobaan dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei sampai Juni 2015 di Desa Mulyoagung Kecamatan Dau, Malang. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Faktorial dengan 2 faktor yang diulang 3 kali. Faktor 1 dosis nitrogen (N), yang terdiri dari: N1 = 50 kg N ha-1, N2 = 75 kg N ha-1, N3 = 100 kg N ha-1. Faktor 2 dosis pupuk kandang ayam (K), yang terdiri dari: K1 = 10 ton ha-1, K2 = 20 ton ha-1, K3 = 30 ton ha-1. Sebagai kontrol menggunakan pupuk N 100 kg ha-1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tanaman dengan pemberian pupuk kandang ayam hingga 30 ton ha-1 dapat menurunkan kebutuhan pupuk nitrogen anorganik. Pemberian pupuk nitrogen dan pupuk kandang ayam memberikan hasil dan pertumbuhan tanaman meningkat kecuali pada luas daun dan indeks luas daun. Aplikasi pupuk nitrogen 75 kg ha-1 tidak berbeda dengan 100 kg ha-1 pada pemberian pupuk kandang ayam 30 ton ha-1

Pengaruh Pupuk Kandang Ayam Dalam Mengurangi Penggunaan Pupuk Nitrogen Anorganik Pada Selada Daun (Lactuca sativa L. var. crispa)

Jumlah penduduk Indonesia semakin meningkat dari tahun ke tahun, sehingga sejalan dengan meningkatnya prospek pasar terhadap komoditas selada. Pertambahan tingkat konsumsi sayuran merupakan peluang serta tantangan bagi para pembudidaya, khususnya pembudidaya selada daun. Tingkat konsumsi yang tinggi menuntut produktifitas tanaman selada juga meningkat, sehingga peningkatan produksi melalui aplikasi pemupukan merupakan satu satu upaya yang dapat dilakuan untuk memenuhinya. Pemupukan yang dapat digunakan ialah dengan pupuk anorganik dan organik, karena keseimbangan dari pemakaian pupuk anorganik dan organik adalah kunci dari pemupukan yang tepat, sebab keduanya mempunyai keunggulan tersendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pupuk kandang ayam dalam mengurangi penggunaan pupuk nitrogen anorganik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil Selada Daun (Lactuca sativa L. var. crispa). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Dusun Jetak Lor Desa Mulyoagung Kecamatan Dau Kabupaten Malang pada bulan Mei hingga Juni 2015. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial yang terdiri dari 2 faktor dan 3 kali ulangan. Kontrol = 100 kg N ha-1, Faktor 1 dosis pupuk nitrogen (N), yang terdiri dari: N1 = 50 kg N ha-1, N2 = 75 kg N ha-1, N3 = 100 kg N ha-1. Faktor 2 dosis pupuk kandang ayam, yang terdiri dari: K1 = 10 ton ha-1, K2 = 20 ton ha-1, K3 = 30 ton ha-1. Pengamatan pertumbuhan tanaman selada daun dilakukan secara non destruktif dan destruktif. Pengamatan non destruktif meliputi jumlah daun. Pengamatan destruktif meliputi luas daun, indeks luas daun (ILD), bobot segar total, laju pertumbuhan relatif, bobot segar konsumsi. Data pengamatan yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis ragam (uji F) pada taraf 5% untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan. Hasil analisis ragam yang nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil pada taraf nyata 5% untuk mengetahui perbedaan diantara perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pupuk nitrogen dan pupuk kandang ayam memberikan interaksi yang nyata pada jumlah daun, bobot segar total, laju pertumbuhan relatif dan bobot segar konsumsi. Perlakuan terbaik ialah N3K3 namun tidak berbeda pada N2K3, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan dosis pemberian pupuk kandang ayam hingga dosis 30 ton ha-1, dapat mengurangi kebutuhan pupuk nitrogen hingga 25%. Pemberian pupuk nitrogen dan pupuk kandang ayam menghasilkan bobot segar konsumsi lebih tinggi 61,7% dibanding dengan kontrol. Pemberian nitrogen dan pupuk kandang ayam menunjukkan hasil yang lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan tanpa pupuk kandang ayam (kontrol) pada jumlah daun, luas daun, indeks luas daun, bobot segar total dan bobot segar konsumsi

Dexamethasone and olmesartan as potential antiremodelling agents of valvular interstitial cell into myofibroblast: In vitrostudy on β-smooth muscle actin expression

Abstract Rheumatic heart disease is a late complication of valvular inflammation caused by rheumatic fever. Studies have shown that the differentiation of valvular interstitial cells (VIC) into fibroblasts plays an important role in valvular remodeling and fibrosis. Various strategies to minimize valvular fibrosis has increased recently. This study aims to analyze the effect of dexamethasone, olmesartan, and its combination in inhibiting TGF-β1-induced VIC differentiation into myofibroblast. In vitro laboratory experimental-posttest only control group design was conducted. Isolated VIC of Oryctolagus cuniculus was pretreated using 2,5 ng/mL of TGF-β1 and divided into groups of dexamethasone (0.1 uM/L), olmesartan (100 nmol/L), and its combination. Inhibition of myofibroblast differentiation was quantified by the expression of α-SMA levels detected by immunofluorescence. Dexamethasone, olmesartan, and its combination administration were significantly reduced TGF-β1-induced VIC differentiation into myofibroblast expressed by α-SMA levels (dexamethasone 6823 ± 1735.3, olmesartan 6683.7 ± 2795.05). Combination of dexamethasone and olmesartan exhibit the most potent inhibition compared to control (5051.87 ± 1612.210 vs 22286.73 ± 2780.2; p < 0.000). In conclusion, dexamethasone, olmesartan, and the combination can significantly reduce the differentiation of VIC into myofibroblasts. The greatest potential is the combined effect of dexamethasone and olmesartan, while dexamethasone and olmesartan have the same potential

Seismic Structure Beneath the Molucca Sea Collision Zone from Travel Time Tomography Based on Local and Regional BMKG Networks

The Molucca Sea Plate, and Sangihe and Halmahera plates have a complex tectonic setting and interact to create the Molucca Sea Collision Zone. We re-picked 1647 events recorded from 2010 to 2017 from 32 of The Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG) stations and obtained P- and S-arrivals of ~17,628 phases. Hypocenter locations were determined using the software NonLinLoc. Then, we performed a travel time tomography in order to image the subsurface and approximate the Molucca Sea Plate subduction angle beneath Sulawesi’s north arm, the relationship subduction zone and volcanic activity in Halmahera, and depth comparison of the Molucca Sea Plate. Our results show that (i) high Vp, high Vs, and low Vp/Vs are associated with the Molucca Sea Plate beneath Sulawesi’s north arm, and the approximate subduction angle is ~40°. (ii) Low Vp, low Vs, and high Vp/Vs beneath the northern and southern Halmahera Volcanic Arc are associated with a possible magma source. Volcanoes in the north have experienced eruptions and are dormant in the south. This group of volcanoes is connected by partial melting above the Molucca Sea Plate subducts to the east. (iii) High Vp, high Vs, and low Vp/Vs are interpreted as double subduction of the Molucca Sea Plate. It is submerged deeper in the north compared with the south, which is nearer to the surface

Seismic Structure Beneath the Molucca Sea Collision Zone from Travel Time Tomography Based on Local and Regional BMKG Networks

The Molucca Sea Plate, and Sangihe and Halmahera plates have a complex tectonic setting and interact to create the Molucca Sea Collision Zone. We re-picked 1647 events recorded from 2010 to 2017 from 32 of The Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG) stations and obtained P- and S-arrivals of ~17,628 phases. Hypocenter locations were determined using the software NonLinLoc. Then, we performed a travel time tomography in order to image the subsurface and approximate the Molucca Sea Plate subduction angle beneath Sulawesi&rsquo;s north arm, the relationship subduction zone and volcanic activity in Halmahera, and depth comparison of the Molucca Sea Plate. Our results show that (i) high Vp, high Vs, and low Vp/Vs are associated with the Molucca Sea Plate beneath Sulawesi&rsquo;s north arm, and the approximate subduction angle is ~40&deg;. (ii) Low Vp, low Vs, and high Vp/Vs beneath the northern and southern Halmahera Volcanic Arc are associated with a possible magma source. Volcanoes in the north have experienced eruptions and are dormant in the south. This group of volcanoes is connected by partial melting above the Molucca Sea Plate subducts to the east. (iii) High Vp, high Vs, and low Vp/Vs are interpreted as double subduction of the Molucca Sea Plate. It is submerged deeper in the north compared with the south, which is nearer to the surface

Dexamethasone and olmesartan as potential antiremodelling agents of valvular interstitial cell into myofibroblast

Rheumatic heart disease is a late complication of valvular inflammation caused by rheumatic fever. Studies have shown that the differentiation of valvular interstitial cells (VIC) into fibroblasts plays an important role in valvular remodeling and fibrosis. Various strategies to minimize valvular fibrosis has increased recently. This study aims to analyze the effect of dexamethasone, olmesartan, and its combination in inhibiting TGF-β1-induced VIC differentiation into myofibroblast. In vitro laboratory experimental-posttest only control group design was conducted. Isolated VIC of Oryctolagus cuniculus was pretreated using 2,5 ng/mL of TGF-β1 and divided into groups of dexamethasone (0.1 uM/L), olmesartan (100 nmol/L), and its combination. Inhibition of myofibroblast differentiation was quantified by the expression of α-SMA levels detected by immunofluorescence. Dexamethasone, olmesartan, and its combination administration were significantly reduced TGF-β1-induced VIC differentiation into myofibroblast expressed by α-SMA levels (dexamethasone 6823 ± 1735.3, olmesartan 6683.7 ± 2795.05). Combination of dexamethasone and olmesartan exhibit the most potent inhibition compared to control (5051.87 ± 1612.210 vs 22286.73 ± 2780.2; p &lt; 0.000). In conclusion, dexamethasone, olmesartan, and the combination can significantly reduce the differentiation of VIC into myofibroblasts. The greatest potential is the combined effect of dexamethasone and olmesartan, while dexamethasone and olmesartan have the same potential