Penentuan nilai dan manfaat sinergi atas rencana strategis melalui penggabungan pada industri beton siap pakai PT. X dan PT. Y

PT X merupakan anak salah satu perusahaan produsen semen di Indonesia (PT A) yang bergerak pada bidang beton siap pakai. PT X didirikan pada tahun 2012. PT X difokuskan untuk melayani pasar Jakarta, Jawa Barat dan Banten. PT X saat ini telah memiliki aset yang cukup besar untuk sebuah perusahaan yang baru didirikan. Dengan jumlah aset sebanyak 10 Batching plant dan 175 unit mixer truck, total nilai aset PT X adalah kurang lebih sebesar 400 milyar. Namun perkembangan bisnis PT X kurang baik disebabkan kurangnya dukungan intangible asset perusahaan. PT Y juga merupakan perusahaan beton siap pakai yang didirikan tahun 1991. PT Y merupakan anak dari anak perusahaan PT A. PT Y saat ini melayani pasar beton siap pakai pada area Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, Bali, Nusa Tenggara dan Sulawesi. PT Y saat ini telah memiliki banyak kepercayaan dari pelanggan karena telah berpengalaman dalam berbagai proyek. Namun, perkembangan bisnis PT Y ini juga kurang baik diakibatkan PT Y tidak memiliki aset yang cukup dalam rangka pemenuhan permintaan. Oleh karena itu PT A sebagai induk kedua perusahaan menginisiasi rencana untuk penggabungan kedua perusahaan. Penggabungan dilakukan agar kekurangan kedua perusahaan dapat saling tertutupi. Penggabungan dilakukan juga bertujuan untuk mendapat manfaat sinergi. Atas dasar rencana penggabungan tersebut maka diperlukan adanya penilaian perusahan apakah penggabungan tersebut nantinya akan mendapatkan nilai tambah. Pengujian finansial dilakukan dengan cara pembuatan model finansial untuk memproyeksikan nilai bisnis perusahaan. Selain itu juga dilakukan identifikasi akan manfaat sinergi dan biaya dalam melakukan penggabungan. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam melakukan proyeksi nilai bisnis ini adalah pendekatan income. Proyeksi nilai bisnis inilah yang nantinya dapat digunakan sebagai acuan dalam mengambil keputusan apakah layak atau tidak dilakukan penggabungan kedua perusahaan. Perhitungan proyeksi menghasilkan nilai total kedua perusahaan sebelum melakukan penggabungan sebesar Rp 991.795.293.513 Sedangkan hasil proyeksi perusahaan ketika sudah melakukan penggabungan menghasilkan nilai bisnis sebesar Rp 2.653.998.850.473 sehingga dapat diketahui bahwa penggabungan akan memberikan nilai tambah sebesar Rp 1,662.203.556.959. Berdasarkan pada asumsi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, mengacu adanya nilai tambah atas penggabungan kedua industri tersebut maka keputusan penggabungan dapat dilakukan. ========================================================================================================= PT X is a subsidiary company of cement producers in Indonesia (PT A) which focuses on ready mix concrete business. PT X was founded in 2012. PT X is focused to serve the markets area of Jakarta, West Java and Banten. PT X has a enormous asset for newly established company. It has total assets of 10 Batching plant and 175 unit mixer truck, which has the total value approximately $ 400 billion. However, business development PT X is unfavorable due to lack of support for intangible assets of the company. PT Y is also a ready-mix concrete company established in 1991. PT Y is also an affiliation company of PT A. PT Y currently serve ready-mix concrete markets in Central Java, East Java, Bali, Nusa Tenggara and Sulawesi. PT Y currently has a good reputation from its customers since it has extensive experience in various projects. However, business development PT Y is also unfavorable due PT Y does not have sufficient assets in order to meet their demand. Therefore PT A as the parent company initiated a plan for the two companies to merge. The merger has aims so that both companies can has benefit and the shortfall was covered. Merger also has aims to gain benefit from the synergies between both companies. On the basis of the merger plan it is require an assessment of the companies if the merger will have added value. Financial tests are carried out by creating financial model to project the value of the company's business. It also identify the benefits and cost synergies in merging. The approach that used in projecting the value of this business is the income approach. Projection business value is the value of the subject that will be used as a reference in making decisions whether it is feasible or not. Projection calculation resulted a total value of both companies prior to the merger amounted to Rp 991.795.293.513 . While the projected company when it was merged generate a business value of Rp 2.653.998.850.473 so that it can be seen that the merger would give an added value up to Rp 1.662.203.556.959. Based on the assumptions that used in this study, it is refers to the value added of merging two industries, and the merger decision can be made

Risk Perception of Critical Care Nurses in Indonesia During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Covid-19 in the intensive care unit. The complex and contradictory thoughts and feelings of critical care nurses about balancing their duty and fear of this emerging disease can influence their perceptions of risk about the pandemic. Risk perception is associated with precautionary actions and behaviour. Identifying risk perception is important for anticipating the behaviour of individuals regarding a new risk for which information or experience is lacking. This study aimed to measure the risk perception of critical care nurses during the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. This was a cross-sectional study. The total sampling technique was used, leading to a sample of 82 critical care nurses. Data were collected by using the risk perception questionnaire in Google forms. The Chi-square test was employed to investigate the level of association among the variables. The results showed that almost all of the critical care nurses (97.6%) agreed that their job put them at great risk of exposure and 90.3% felt afraid of falling ill with Covid-19. However, 40.3% felt that they had not accepted the risk of being infected as part of their job. Many experienced that others avoid them because of their job as nurses (21.9%). Most (73.1%) felt that training about protection was adequate. Many felt anxious when thinking about Covid-19 (63.4%) and 36.6% felt a lack of emotional support. Healthcare institutions should protect critical care nurses and help them cope with the very stressful situations of the pandemic. Emotional support might be needed to overcome their stress and to develop effective behaviour. Keywords: Covid-19, critical care nurses, pandemic impact, risk perceptio

Pengetahuan layanan makanan dan minuman

vi, 250 hlm.:25 c

Stable establishment of wMel Wolbachia in Aedes aegypti populations in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

The successful establishment of the wMel strain of Wolbachia for the control of arbovirus transmission by Aedes aegypti has been proposed and is being implemented in a number of countries. Here we describe the successful establishment of the wMel strain of Wolbachia in four sites in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. We demonstrate that Wolbachia can be successfully introgressed after transient releases of wMel-infected eggs or adult mosquitoes. We demonstrate that the approach is acceptable to communities and that Wolbachia maintains itself in the mosquito population once deployed. Finally, our data show that spreading rates of Wolbachia in the Indonesian setting are slow which may reflect more limited dispersal of Aedes aegypti than seen in other sites such as Cairns, Australia

MUC5AC genetic variation is associated with tuberculous meningitis CSF cytokine responses and mortality

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess if single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in lung mucins MUC5B and MUC5AC are associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis outcomes. METHODS: Independent SNPs in MUC5B and MUC5AC (genotyped by Illumina HumanOmniExpress array) were assessed for associations with TNF concentrations (measured by immunoassay) in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) from tuberculous meningitis (TBM) patients. SNPs associated with CSF TNF concentrations were carried forward for analyses of pulmonary and meningeal tuberculosis susceptibility and TBM mortality. RESULTS: MUC5AC SNP rs28737416 T allele was associated with lower CSF concentrations of TNF(p = 1.8*10-8) and IFNγ(p = 2.3*10-6). In an additive genetic model, rs28737416 T/T genotype was associated with higher susceptibility to TBM (odds ratio [OR] 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03, 1.49; p = 0.02), but not pulmonary tuberculosis (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.98, 1.25; p = 0.10). TBM mortality was higher among participants with the rs28737416 T/T and T/C genotypes (35/119, 30.4%) versus the C/C genotype (11/89, 12.4%; log-rank p = 0.005) in a Vietnam discovery cohort (N = 210), an independent Vietnam validation cohort (N = 87; 9/87, 19.1% vs 1/20, 2.5%; log-rank p = 0.02), and an Indonesia validation cohort (N = 468, 127/287, 44.3% vs 65/181, 35.9%, log-rank p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: MUC5AC variants may contribute to immune changes that influence TBM outcomes

Tryptophan metabolism determines outcome in tuberculous meningitis: a targeted metabolomic analysis

Background: Cellular metabolism is critical for the host immune function against pathogens, and metabolomic analysis may help understand the characteristic immunopathology of tuberculosis. We performed targeted metabolomic analyses in a large cohort of patients with tuberculous meningitis (TBM), the most severe manifestation of tuberculosis, focusing on tryptophan metabolism. Methods: We studied 1069 Indonesian and Vietnamese adults with TBM (26.6% HIV-positive), 54 non-infectious controls, 50 with bacterial meningitis, and 60 with cryptococcal meningitis. Tryptophan and downstream metabolites were measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma using targeted liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Individual metabolite levels were associated with survival, clinical parameters, CSF bacterial load and 92 CSF inflammatory proteins. Results: CSF tryptophan was associated with 60-day mortality from TBM (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.10–1.24, for each doubling in CSF tryptophan) both in HIV-negative and -positive patients. CSF tryptophan concentrations did not correlate with CSF bacterial load nor CSF inflammation but were negatively correlated with CSF interferon-gamma concentrations. Unlike tryptophan, CSF concentrations of an intercorrelating cluster of downstream kynurenine metabolites did not predict mortality. These CSF kynurenine metabolites did however correlate with CSF inflammation and markers of blood–CSF leakage, and plasma kynurenine predicted death (HR 1.54, 95% CI = 1.22–1.93). These findings were mostly specific for TBM, although high CSF tryptophan was also associated with mortality from cryptococcal meningitis. Conclusions: TBM patients with a high baseline CSF tryptophan or high systemic (plasma) kynurenine are at increased risk of death. These findings may reveal new targets for host-directed therapy. Funding: This study was supported by National Institutes of Health (R01AI145781) and the Wellcome Trust (110179/Z/15/Z and 206724/Z/17/Z)