Effect of Global Warming Scenarios on Carotenoid Pigments Gracilaria changii

The phenomenon of global warming is an increase in the earth's temperature due to the greenhouse effect where 50% of the main contributors to the greenhouse effect are carbon dioxide (CO2). Carbon dioxide is one of the ingredients needed for photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is carried out by plants that have chloroplasts. Plants in the waters are Seaweed. Gracilaria changii is a type of red seaweed (Rhodophyceae). The dominant pigment from Gracilaria changii is carotenoids. Carotenoid serves as a light energy absorbent for photosynthesis and serves to protect chlorophyll from light damage. Seeing the important role of carotenoids in Gracilaria changii so that this study aims to determine the effect of increasing temperature and carbon dioxide on carotenoid pigments. Research on the scenario of global warming in this region was first carried out on a laboratory scale, many previous studies were carried out in the cultivation area. This study was conducted for 40 days, seaweed that has been cleaned is put into an aquarium and given an injection of CO2. We were exposed to present-day control seawater (400 ppm pCO2 ) and seawater treated with CO2 to simulate ocean conditions predicted for the next 50–100 years (700 ppm, 1000 ppm, and 1300 ppm) and temperature treatment (30 oC, 32 oC, 34 oC). The research design applied in this study is a Completely Randomized Design consisting of nine treatments with three replications. Data analysis used is Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) continued by Post hoc Test. The results obtained from this study there were significant differences (

Understanding traditional and modern eating: The TEP10 framework

Across the world, there has been a movement from traditional to modern eating, including a movement of traditional eating patterns from their origin culture to new cultures, and the emergence of new foods and eating behaviors. This trend toward modern eating is of particular significance because traditional eating has been related to positive health outcomes and sustainability. Yet, there is no consensus on what constitutes traditional and modern eating. The present study provides a comprehensive compilation of the various facets that seem to make up traditional and modern eating. Specifically, 106 facets were mentioned in the previous literature and expert discussions, combining international and interdisciplinary perspectives. The present study provides a framework (the TEP10 framework) systematizing these 106 facets into two major dimensions, what and how people eat, and 12 subdimensions. Hence, focusing only on single facets of traditional and modern eating is an oversimplification of this complex phenomenon. Instead, the multidimensionality and interplay between different facets should be considered to gain a comprehensive understanding of the trends, consequences, and underlying factors of traditional and modern eating

The role of retreatment in the management of recurrent/progressive brain metastases: a systematic review and evidence-based clinical practice guideline

QUESTION: What evidence is available regarding the use of whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT), stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), surgical resection or chemotherapy for the treatment of recurrent/progressive brain metastases? TARGET POPULATION: This recommendation applies to adults with recurrent/progressive brain metastases who have previously been treated with WBRT, surgical resection and/or radiosurgery. Recurrent/progressive brain metastases are defined as metastases that recur/progress anywhere in the brain (original and/or non-original sites) after initial therapy. RECOMMENDATION: Level 3 Since there is insufficient evidence to make definitive treatment recommendations in patients with recurrent/progressive brain metastases, treatment should be individualized based on a patient\u27s functional status, extent of disease, volume/number of metastases, recurrence or progression at original versus non-original site, previous treatment and type of primary cancer, and enrollment in clinical trials is encouraged. In this context, the following can be recommended depending on a patient\u27s specific condition: no further treatment (supportive care), re-irradiation (either WBRT and/or SRS), surgical excision or, to a lesser extent, chemotherapy. Question If WBRT is used in the setting of recurrent/progressive brain metastases, what impact does tumor histopathology have on treatment outcomes? No studies were identified that met the eligibility criteria for this question

Kepadatan Skeletonema Costatum pada PH yang Berbeda

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan pH terhadap kepadatan fitoplankton Skeletonema costatum. Metode yang digunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari empat perlakuan yaitu pH 5, pH 6, pH 7 (Kontrol), dan pH 8. Tiap perlakuan dilakukan tiga kali pengulangan sehingga diperoleh 12 unit percobaan. Parameter yang di uji meliputi laju Kepadatan Skeletonema costatum dan kualitas air. Analisis data menggunakan one way ANOVA untuk melihat signifikasi pengaruh perlakuan terhadap Kepadatan Skeletonema costatum dan hasil uji Kepadatan Skeletonema costatum di analisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini memunjukkan kepadatan Skeletonema costatum tertinggi diperoleh pada pH 8 (26.667 sel/ml), kemudian pH 7 (13.333 sel/ml), pH 6 (11.000 sel/ml) dan Kepadatan Skeletonema costatum terendah pada pH 5 (10.000 sel/ml). Berdasarkan uji Anova, pH memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap Kepadatan Skeletonema costatum (p<0,05) dengan perlakuan terbaik yakni pH 8