Toxocaríase em crianças atendidas em Unidade de Pneumologia do Serviço de Saúde Pública, Paraná, Brasil

O teste imunoenzimático (ELISA) constitui a ferramenta mais utilizada no diagnóstico individual da toxocaríase humana e/ou em inquéritos soroepidemiológicos para pesquisa de anticorpos IgG anti-Toxocara spp. Tendo em vista a elevada freqüência da toxocaríase (32,2% e 56,0%) observada em crianças atendidas em Unidades Básicas de Saúde de municípios do noroeste do Paraná, durante pesquisas realizadas ao longo dos últimos oito anos, o objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar estas frequências em crianças encaminhadas a uma unidade de Pneumologia do serviço de saúde pública da cidade de Maringá, noroeste do Estado do Paraná, Brasil e descrever os achados laboratoriais, clínicos e epidemiológicos das crianças soropositivas. A pesquisa foi realizada no Centro de Especialidades Regional - CISAMUSEP - entre julho de 2009 a julho de 2010, em crianças com idade entre um e 15 anos. De 167 crianças investigadas, sete (4,2%) apresentaram anticorpos IgG anti-Toxocara spp. Entre elas, duas (1,2%) crianças soropositivas apresentaram eosinofilia (baixos níveis), seis mostraram níveis elevados de IgE e cinco, teste alérgico positivo, principalmente para ácaros. Concluindo, no noroeste do estado do Paraná foram observados raros casos de crianças com toxocaríase envolvendo o trato respiratório e que foram atendidas por serviços públicos de Pneumologia ainda que na região estudada tenha sido observada elevada prevalência de toxocaríase em crianças assistidas pelas Unidades Básicas de Saúde (BHU).The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the most widely used tool to detect anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies for both serodiagnostic and seroepidemiological surveys on human toxocariasis. In the last eight years a high prevalence of toxocariasis (32.2-56.0%) has been reported in children attending public health units from municipalities in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Therefore, the aim of this work was to compare the frequency found among the general child population with that of children attending a public pneumology service in Maringá, Paraná, Brazil and describe the laboratorial, clinical and epidemiological findings. The research was conducted at the Consórcio Público Intermunicipal de Saúde do Setentrião Paranaense (CISAMUSEP) from July 2009 to July 2010 among children aged between one and 15 years. From a total of 167 children studied, only 4.2% (7/167) tested positive for anti-Toxocara spp. IgG antibodies and presented mild eosinophilia (2/7), increased serum IgE levels (6/7) and a positive allergy test for mites (5/7). The presence of pets (dogs or cats) at home did not correlate with the seroprevalence. In conclusion, cases of toxocariasis involving the respiratory tract are rare in children attending a public health pneumology unit in the northwestern region of Paraná State, despite the high prevalence of this type of toxocariasis among the infantile population attending Basic Health Units in the same geographical area

SSR and ISSR markers in assessing genetic diversity in Gallus gallus domesticus: a quantitative analysis of scientific production.

Poultry meat is a major source of animal protein in the world. Research indicates a high inbreeding rate derived from a relative absence of heterozygous subpopulations of chicken from different suppliers. Molecular markers can provide information for the genetic basis of chicken consumed in rural areas and help establishing a chicken database for product quality and warranty. The bibliometric research, comprises between 1994 and 2018, from five previously selected databases: Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Web of Science, using the following descriptors: ?microsatellites?, ?SSR?, ?ISSR?, ?genetic variability? and ?genetic diversity?, all of them coupled to ?chicken? and/or ?birds? results in 66 scientific publications. The publications were then categorized according to their titles to the use of ISSR or SSR markers. They were also addressed by countries according first author cited. The publications data appointed that countries with the height production of poultry meat and hens are the most interested in the genetic diversity study of these species. The SSR markers, due to its more specific characteristic, are more frequently applied to genetic diversity assignment, compared to ISSR

CLUSTER ANALYSIS IN SEASONAL DECIDUOUS FOREST REMNANTS

Floresta Estacional Decidual, caracterizado como um enclave c\uf4ncavo, em terreno com declividade acentuada e solo arenoso, entre campos caracter\uedsticos da regi\ue3o. As esp\ue9cies arb\uf3reas e arbustivas com CAP (circunfer\ueancia a altura de 1,3 m do solo) 65 15 cm foram amostradas em duas classes de tamanho. Na amostragem dos indiv\uedduos da Classe I (CAP 65 30 cm) foram utilizadas 14 parcelas de 20 x 100 m, divididas em subparcelas (10 x 10 m). Os indiv\uedduos da Classe II (15 64 CAP < 30 cm) foram observados em 70 subparcelas. Para an\ue1lise de agrupamentos foi utilizado o programa TWINSPAN, que indicou dois grupos (G1 e G2) bem definidos na Classe I e um grupo relativamente homog\ueaneo na Classe II (sub-bosque). No grupo G1 ocorreram as esp\ue9cies indicadoras Trichilia claussenii , Cupania vernalis e Crysophyllum marginatum ; e no grupo G2 Luehea divaricata e Sebastiania commersoniana . Em rela\ue7\ue3o \ue0 estrutura horizontal, essas esp\ue9cies estiveram entre as tr\ueas mais importantes nos respectivos grupos. No sub-bosque, as esp\ue9cies com maior valor de import\ue2ncia foram Actinostemon concolor , Trichilia claussenii, Trichilia elegans , Eugenia rostrifolia e Sorocea bonplandii . Essas esp\ue9cies, por predominarem na vegeta\ue7\ue3o arb\uf3rea, apresentam papel fundamental na estabiliza\ue7\ue3o de encostas, considerando que est\ue3o adaptadas \ue0s \ue1reas com declividade acentuada e solos rasos, destacando-se Cupania vernalis e Trichilia claussenii em ambientes menos alterados e Luehea divaricata e Sebastiania commersoniana em ambientes mais suscept\uedveis \ue0s interfer\ueancias.This study intended to analyze the presence of clusters in the vegetation of Seasonal Deciduous Forest remnants, characterized as a concave enclave, on steep sandy soil, among the region\u2019s characteristic fields. Shrub and tree specimens with CBH (circumference at breast height) 65 15 cm were sampled in two size classes. In class I (CBH 65 30 cm) specimen sampling, we used fourteen 20 x 100 m plots, divided into sub-plots (10 x 10 m). Class II (15 64 CBH < 30 cm) specimens were observed in 70 sub-portions. We used the TWINSPAN program to analyze the clusters, which indicated two well-defined clusters in class I (G1 and G2) and one relatively homogenous cluster in class II (understorey). There were Trichilia claussenii , Cupania vernalis and Crysophyllum marginatum indicator species in the G1 cluster; and Luehea divaricata and Sebastiania commersoniana in the G2 cluster. Regarding to horizontal structure, these species were among the three most important ones in both clusters. In the understorey, the most important species were Actinostemon concolor , Trichilia claussenii, Trichilia elegans , Eugenia rostrifolia and Sorocea bonplandii . Since these species prevail in the tree vegetation, they are fundamental to stabilize hillsides, considering that they are adapted to steep and shallow soil areas, pointing out the Cupania vernalis and Trichilia claussenii in less modified environments and the Luehea divaricata and Sebastiania commersoniana in environments more susceptible to interference

Concurrent Helminthic Infection Protects Schoolchildren with Plasmodium vivax from Anemia

malaria in rural areas in the municipality of Careiro, in the Western Brazilian Amazon. (n = 9). In children without intestinal helminthes, a significant decrease in the hemoglobin during the malarial attack was seen as compared to the baseline concentration. In the survival analysis, no difference was seen in the time (in days) from the baseline cross-sectional to the first malarial infection, between parasitized and non-parasitized children.

Narrativas del donante de plasma convaleciente en EsSalud: motivaciones, miedos, expectativas y experiencias

Objectives: To know and explore from convalescent plasma donators' voices the experience in the blood donation process at a social security hospital. Material and Methods: Qualitative study with a phenomenological design. The investigation was carried out in 01 hospitals of the social security of Peru. Semi-structured interviews were carried out. Results: Eleven donors of convalescent plasma were interviewed. The main motivations for donating were being able to contribute to national research and supporting patients affected by COVID-19. Fears focus on the possible risk of contagion within the hospital. Donors emphasised the attention and support of health personnel alongside the donation procedure. The main expectations and suggestions point towards greater dissemination of donation campaigns with special emphasis on safety. Likewise, an improvement in the time of the donation procedure (from enrolment to the extraction of convalescent plasma), and the implementation of friendly spaces to encourage future blood donation campaigns were highlighted. Conclusions: The experience of the convalescent plasma donors was positive. However, improvements must be made in terms of processes and infrastructure to ensure future successful blood donation campaigns.Objetivos: Explorar, desde las narrativas de la población de donantes de plasma convaleciente en un ensayo clínico, las experiencias en el proceso de donación de sangre. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo con diseño fenomenológico. La investigación se llevó a cabo en un hospital de la seguridad social del Perú aplicándose entrevistas semiestructuradas a profundidad. Resultados: Se entrevistó a once donantes de plasma convaleciente. Se identificó que las principales motivaciones de los donantes fueron tanto el poder contribuir a la investigación nacional como, apoyar a pacientes afectados por la COVID-19. Los principales miedos se centran en el posible riesgo de contagio dentro del hospital. Por otro lado, los donantes resaltaron la atención y acompañamiento del personal de salud en el proceso. Las principales expectativas y sugerencias apuntan hacia una mayor difusión de las campañas de donación de sangre en general, con especial énfasis en el tema de seguridad, la mejora en el tiempo del procedimiento de donación (en el caso de la donación de plasma convaleciente, desde el enrolamiento hasta la extracción de plasma convaleciente) y, la implementación de espacios amigables para incentivar las futuras campañas de donación de sangre en  general. Conclusiones: Las experiencias de los donantes de plasma convaleciente fueron positivas. Sin embargo, aún hay mejoras que realizar a nivel de procesos e infraestructuras para asegurar campañas exitosas de donación de sangre futuras

Neural Correlates of Appetite and Hunger-Related Evaluative Judgments

How much we desire a meal depends on both the constituent foods and how hungry we are, though not every meal becomes more desirable with increasing hunger. The brain therefore needs to be able to integrate hunger and meal properties to compute the correct incentive value of a meal. The present study investigated the functional role of the amygdala and the orbitofrontal cortex in mediating hunger and dish attractiveness. Furthermore, it explored neural responses to dish descriptions particularly susceptible to value-increase following fasting. We instructed participants to rate how much they wanted food menu items while they were either hungry or sated, and compared the rating differences in these states. Our results point to the representation of food value in the amygdala, and to an integration of attractiveness with hunger level in the orbitofrontal cortex. Dishes particularly desirable during hunger activated the thalamus and the insula. Our results specify the functions of evaluative structures in the context of food attractiveness, and point to a complex neural representation of dish qualities which contribute to state-dependent value