Effect o energy levels in diets of constant energy: protein ratio on performance, metabolism and thyroid hormones of broilers

The effect of dietary energy level on productive performance, plasma thyroid hormone (T4 and T3) levels and metabolic rate of broiler chicks was studied. Three energy levels were tested (2 600, 2 900, and 3 200 kcal EM/kg), at energy/protein ratios (kcal/%) of 144 and 160 from 1-28 days and from 29-52 days of age, respectively. Metabolic rate was determined at 28 and 49 days of age, at environmental temperatures of 15ºC, 25ºC, and 35ºC. The chicks fed at the highest energy level had the highest rate of gain when protein and other nutrients were suitably adjusted according to the energy level of the diet. Metabolic rate was dependent on the ambient temperature and age of the birds, but was not affected by the energy level of the diet. No correlation was observed between concentration of plasma thyroid hormones and dietary energy level

Effect of energy levels in isoproteinic diets on performance, metabolism and thyroid hormones in broilers

A study was conducted on the effects of three dietary energy levels (2 600, 2 900, and 3 200 Kcal EM/kg) in isoproteinic diets for broiler chicks, on the productive erformance, plasma thyroid hormone (T4 and T3) levels and metabolic rate, determined at 28 and 49 days of age and at environmental temperatures of 15ºC, 25ºC, and 35ºC. Birds fed the highest energy level showed the most rapid weight gain and greater feed intake. Metabolic rate was dependent on ambient temperature and age of the birds, but not on the dietary energy level. No correlation was observed between plasma thyroid hormone concentration and energy intake

Nutritional management of broilers in the pre-starter period

The effects of feeding a pre-starter diet until different ages on the performance of broiler chicks were evaluated in an experiment of completely randomized design. Two thousand male chicks of the Peterson x Hubbard Line were distributed among four replicates of 125 birds each per treatment and subjected to four treatments based on age (T1, 7; T2, 10 ; and T3, 14 days) at changing from pre-starter (22% CP, 2.94 Mcal ME/kg) to starter (21% CP, 3.04 Mcal ME/kg) diet and T4 involving use of the starter diet from days 1 to 21. Subsequently grower and finisher diets of 19.9 and 18.0% CP were fed. Feed consumption, weight gain, feed conversion, and index of productive efficiency (based on viability, weight gain, and feed conversion) were appraised at the ages of 7, 10, 14, 21, 35, and 43 days. The treatments had no (P > 0.05) effects on the criteria of animal performance. Mean liveweight per treatment was 720, 689, 683, and 699 g at 21 days and 2 065, 2 085, 2 040, and 1 990 g at final weighing (43 days) in T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively

Treonina na alimentação de frangos de corte criados em ambiente com desafio permanente

O uso de aminoácidos sintéticos nas rações é uma decisão econômica\ud no sentido de reduzir o custo das dietas. No entanto, as condições ambientais\ud podem resultar em diferentes necessidades de aminoácidos específicos, como\ud foi observado para treonina. Usualmente, as tabelas de exigências nutricionais estabelecem o mínimo requerido para o máximo desempenho. Porém, do ponto de vista nutricional, os substratos da dieta (aminoácidos, enzimas e energia) são\ud necessários para ativar uma resposta imune. A resistência contra doenças infecciosas requer uma resposta criptografada intensa orquestrada pelo sistema imunológico e os mecanismos de modulação nutricional podem muitas vezes ser de importância crítica na\ud resistência às doenças infecciosas das aves. Há algumas evidências de que\ud as exigências dos aminoácidos essenciais são acima das especificações para\ud alcançar um ótimo desempenho, imunocompetência e resistência a doenças.\ud Outros estudos sugerem que as exigências de aminoácidos para o funcionamento\ud normal do sistema imune não excede as necessidades para o crescimento. Além\ud disso, é importante considerar que a treonina é um aminoácido estritamente\ud essencial, não havendo nenhuma via de síntese endógena, dessa forma, avaliar\ud a exigência de treonina para um determinado estado fisiológico é essencial\ud para formular dietas balanceadas em aminoácidos. Nas aves, a treonina está envolvida na resposta imune, fazendo parte das moléculas de determinadas globulinas (imunoglobulinas) do ...Os organizadores autorizam a reprodução total ou parcial deste trabalho, para qualquer meio convencional ou eletrônico, para fins de estudo e pesquisa, desde que citada a fonte

Consultas neurológicas e diagnósticos em um grande hospital universitário dedicado a COVID-19

Background: More than one-third of COVID-19 patients present neurological symptomsranging from anosmia to stroke and encephalopathy. Furthermore, pre-existingneurological conditions may require special treatment and may be associated with worseoutcomes. Notwithstanding, the role of neurologists in COVID-19 is probablyunderrecognized. Objective: The aim of this study was to report the reasons forrequesting neurological consultations by internists and intensivists in a COVID-19-dedicated hospital. Methods: This retrospective study was carried out at Hospital dasClínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, a 900-bedCOVID-19 dedicated center (including 300 intensive care unit beds). COVID-19 diagnosiswas confirmed by SARS-CoV-2-RT-PCR in nasal swabs. All inpatient neurologyconsultations between March 23rd and May 23rd, 2020 were analyzed. Neurologistsperformed the neurological exam, assessed all available data to diagnose theneurological condition, and requested additional tests deemed necessary. Difficultdiagnoses were established in consensus meetings. After diagnosis, neurologists wereinvolved in the treatment. Results: Neurological consultations were requested for 89 outof 1,208 (7.4%) inpatient COVID admissions during that period. Main neurologicaldiagnoses included: encephalopathy (44.4%), stroke (16.7%), previous neurologicaldiseases (9.0%), seizures (9.0%), neuromuscular disorders (5.6%), other acute brainlesions (3.4%), and other mild nonspecific symptoms (11.2%). Conclusions: Mostneurological consultations in a COVID-19-dedicated hospital were requested for severeconditions that could have an impact on the outcome. First-line doctors should be able torecognize neurological symptoms; neurologists are important members of the medicalteam in COVID-19 hospital care.Introdução: Mais de um terço dos pacientes com COVID-19 apresentam sintomasneurológicos que variam de anosmia a AVC e encefalopatia. Além disso, doençasneurológicas prévias podem exigir tratamento especial e estar associadas a pioresdesfechos. Não obstante, o papel dos neurologistas na COVID-19 é provavelmentepouco reconhecido. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar os motivos para solicitarconsultas neurológicas por clínicos e intensivistas em um hospital dedicado à COVID-19. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo realizado no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade deMedicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil, um centro dedicado à COVID-19 com900 leitos (incluindo 300 leitos para unidades de terapia intensiva). O diagnóstico deCOVID-19 foi confirmado por SARS-CoV-2-RT-PCR em swabs nasais. Todas asinterconsultas de neurologia hospitalar entre 23 de março e 23 de maio de 2020 foramanalisadas. Os neurologistas realizaram o exame neurológico, avaliaram todos os dadosdisponíveis para diagnosticar a patologia neurológica e solicitaram exames adicionaisconforme necessidade. Diagnósticos difíceis foram estabelecidos em reuniões deconsenso. Após o diagnóstico, os neurologistas participaram da condução dos casos.Resultados: Foram solicitadas consultas neurológicas para 89 de 1.208 (7,4%) empacientes internados por COVID-19 durante o período. Os principais diagnósticosneurológicos incluíram: encefalopatia (44,4%), acidente vascular cerebral (16,7%),doenças neurológicas prévias (9,0%), crises epilépticas (9,0%), transtornosneuromusculares (5,6%), outras lesões encefálicas agudas (3,4%) e outros sintomasleves inespecíficos (11,2%). Conclusões: A maioria das consultas neurológicas em umhospital dedicado à COVID-19 foi solicitada para condições graves que poderiam afetaro desfecho clínico. Os médicos na linha de frente devem ser capazes de reconhecersintomas neurológicos. Os neurologistas são membros importantes da equipe médica noatendimento hospitalar à COVID-19

Educomunicação e suas áreas de intervenção: Novos paradigmas para o diálogo intercultural

oai:omp.abpeducom.org.br:publicationFormat/1O material aqui divulgado representa, em essência, a contribuição do VII Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação ao V Global MIL Week, da UNESCO, ocorrido na ECA/USP, entre 3 e 5 de novembro de 2016. Estamos diante de um conjunto de 104 papers executivos, com uma média de entre 7 e 10 páginas, cada um. Com este rico e abundante material, chegamos ao sétimo e-book publicado pela ABPEducom, em seus seis primeiros anos de existência. A especificidade desta obra é a de trazer as “Áreas de Intervenção” do campo da Educomunicação, colocando-as a serviço de uma meta essencial ao agir educomunicativo: o diálogo intercultural, trabalhado na linha do tema geral do evento internacional: Media and Information Literacy: New Paradigms for Intercultural Dialogue

Educomunicação, Transformação Social e Desenvolvimento Sustentável

Esta publicação apresenta os principais trabalhos dos GTs do II Congresso Internacional de Comunicação e Educação nos temas Transformação social, com os artigos que abordam principalmente Educomunicação e/ou Mídia-Educação, no contexto de políticas de diversidade, inclusão e equidade; e, em Desenvolvimento Sustentável os artigos que abordam os avanços da relação comunicação/educação no contexto da educação ambiental e desenvolvimento sustentável

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ