50 research outputs found
Long-term effect of sewage sludge compost application on the physical properties of sandy soil
A NyĂrsĂ©gben fellelhetĹ‘ homoktalajok tĂşlnyomĂł rĂ©sze kedvezĹ‘tlen vĂz-, hĹ‘-, levegĹ‘- Ă©s tápanyag-gazdálkodással rendelkezik. A szakirodalom szerint a komposztált szennyvĂziszap magas szervesanyag-tartalmának következtĂ©ben alkalmas lehet e talajok tápanyag-utánpĂłtlására, szerkezetĂ©nek Ă©s termĂ©kenysĂ©gĂ©nek javĂtására. A DE ATK NyĂregyházi KutatĂłintĂ©zet terĂĽletĂ©n 2003-ban kezdtĂ©k el a szennyvĂziszap komposzt mezĹ‘gazdasági felhasználásának vizsgálatát. A kĂsĂ©rletben használt komposzt alkotĂłi: szennyvĂziszap 40 % (m/m), szalma 25 % (m/m), riolit 30 % (m/m) Ă©s bentonit 5 % (m/m). A komposztot eddig 5 alkalommal juttattuk ki, az istállĂłtrágyához hasonlĂłan három Ă©vente 0, 9, 18 Ă©s 27 t/ha (sz.a.) dĂłzisban. Dolgozatomban arra kerestem a választ, hogy kovárványos barna erdĹ‘talajon alkalmazott szennyvĂziszap komposzt hogyan befolyásolja a talaj egyes fizikai tulajdonságait. A kutatás során a talaj tĂ©rfogattömegĂ©nek, lĂ©gáteresztĹ‘ kĂ©pessĂ©gĂ©nek, vĂztartĂł- Ă©s vĂzvezetĹ‘ kĂ©pessĂ©gĂ©nek változását vizsgáltam 2011 Ă©s 2014 között. A szennyvĂziszap komposzt szervesanyag– Ă©s bentonit tartalma közvetlenĂĽl Ă©s közvetve is hozzájárult a talaj szerkezetessĂ©gĂ©nek kialakĂtásához. A tĂ©rfogattömeg Ă©rtĂ©kek alapján a megismĂ©telt kezelĂ©sek utáni elsĹ‘ kĂ©t Ă©vben statisztikailag igazolt a komposzt kezelĂ©sek tömĹ‘döttsĂ©get csökkentĹ‘ hatása mindkĂ©t vizsgált talajszintben. A tĂ©rfogattömeg Ă©rtĂ©kek csökkenĂ©sĂ©vel összhangban a talaj lĂ©gáteresztĂ©se jelentĹ‘sen nĹ‘tt a rendszeres komposzt kezelĂ©s hatására. Az összpĂłrustĂ©r változása nagyrĂ©szt a makropĂłrusok mennyisĂ©gĂ©nek növekedĂ©se rĂ©vĂ©n következett be, ami jelentĹ‘s hatást gyakorolt a talaj levegĹ‘gazdálkodására. A komposzt kezelĂ©s hatására kevĂ©sbĂ© változott a vĂztartásban fontos szerepet játszĂł mikropĂłrusok mennyisĂ©ge. A komposzt kezelĂ©s javĂtotta a talaj vĂzbefogadĂł kĂ©pessĂ©gĂ©t, csökkentve ezzel a dombokrĂłl lefolyĂł vĂz által okozott erĂłziĂłt. A beszivárgás a makropĂłrusok mennyisĂ©gĂ©nek növekedĂ©sĂ©vel Ă©s a szerkezeti stabilitással jelentĹ‘sen nĹ‘tt a komposzttal kezelt terĂĽleteken. A komposzt kezelĂ©s kedvezĹ‘ hatása a jövĹ‘ben mĂ©g felĂ©rtĂ©kelĹ‘dhet a klĂmaváltozás hatásakĂ©nt a Kárpát-medencĂ©ben a nagyobb gyakoriságĂş Ă©s nagy intenzitásĂş csapadĂ©kesemĂ©nyek következtĂ©ben, amelyek jelentĹ‘s erĂłziĂłs károkat okozhatnak a homokkal fedett dombvidĂ©keken is. A vizsgálati eredmĂ©nyek alapján levonhatĂł legfontosabb következtetĂ©s tehát az, hogy a szennyvĂziszap komposzt kezelĂ©s elĹ‘nyösen befolyásolja a talaj fizikai tulajdonságait, azonban a kezelĂ©s hatása csak kĂ©t Ă©vre tehetĹ‘.The large parte of sandy soils in the NyĂrsĂ©g region have unfavourable water-, heat-, air management and nutrient supply. Results have shown that the sewage sludge compost, due to its high organic matter content, is suitable for nutrient supply and improving structure and fertility of these soils. The experiment was established in 2003 at the Research Institute of NyĂregyháza of the University of Debrecen CAS in Hungary to study the utilization of sewage sludge compost in agriculture. The applied compost contained sewage sludge 40 (m/m %), straw 25 (m/m %), bentonite 5 (m/m %) and rhyolite 30 (m/m %). The compost has already re-treated five times as the farmyard manure every 3rd years in the following amounts: 0, 9, 18 and 27 t ha-1 of dry matter. The aim of my study was to determine the effects of the application of sewage sludge compost on physical properties of sandy soil. In this research the changes of bulk density, air permeability, water retention and hydraulic conductivity of soil were measured between 2011 and 2014. The organic matter and the bentonite component of composted sewage sludge formed directly and indirectly the soil structure. Based on the bulk density values it was found, that the compost application had an impact on soil compaction in the first two years after compost re-treatment in both studied soil layers. In accordance with the decrease in bulk density, the air permeability of soil increased after compost re-treatment. The total porosity was increased by the increased quantity of macropores, which had a significant effect on air management of soil. The rate of capillary pores was changed less after compost application, which play an important role in water sorption of plants. The water infiltration into soil was improved by the compost application therefore reducing the water erosion from the sandy hills. The rate of infiltration was increased in the compost treatments by the increased rate of macropores and the water stable soil structure. The beneficial effect of compost application on soil structure can be more expressed in the future, when, as the impacts of climate change in the Carpathian Basin, the increasing frequency of the high-intensity precipitation events could cause major erosion damage on sand hills. According to the results it can be concluded, that the composted sewage sludge influenced positively the soil physical properties, but the duration of the effect can be expected only up to two years
Re-Introduction of Ancient Wheat Cultivars into Organic Agriculture\u2014Emmer and Einkorn Cultivation Experiences under Marginal Conditions
Modern agriculture depends on the production of very few crop species, which provide lower nutritive value for consumers. The present work summarizes the results of a three-year experiment on hulled wheat varieties as potential candidates for food system diversification. The organic field cultivation tests with 10 emmer and five einkorn landraces and varieties were conducted on ~10m2 plots on sandy soil, and from 2017, under on-farm conditions in eastern Hungary. Most accessions adapted well to the marginal conditions, with some landraces even yielding higher than registered varieties\u2014over 3 t per ha on average over three years. Compared to emmer, einkorn had higher maximum grain yields, but its yield performance varied more than that of emmer. Grain protein and the total phenolic content were high in both species. Compared to emmer, einkorn seeds exhibited a 3.8 times higher content of bound flavonoids and had 3.4 times higher antioxidant activity. Four einkorn accessions were resistant to leaf spot, as well as yellow and leaf rusts. Fusarium infected both species similarly. Our findings indicate that not only registered varieties of ancient wheat species but also their landraces can provide sustainable alternatives both for organic farmers and also for the diversification of agriculture
Re-Introduction of Ancient Wheat Cultivars into Organic Agriculture — Emmer and Einkorn Cultivation Experiences under Marginal Conditions
Modern agriculture depends on the production of very few crop species, which provide lower nutritive value for consumers. The present work summarizes the results of a three-year experiment on hulled wheat varieties as potential candidates for food system diversification. The organic field cultivation tests with 10 emmer and five einkorn landraces and varieties were conducted on ~10m2 plots on sandy soil, and from 2017, under on-farm conditions in eastern Hungary. Most accessions adapted well to the marginal conditions, with some landraces even yielding higher than registered varieties—over 3 t per ha on average over three years. Compared to emmer, einkorn had higher maximum grain yields, but its yield performance varied more than that of emmer. Grain protein and the total phenolic content were high in both species. Compared to emmer, einkorn seeds exhibited a 3.8 times higher content of bound flavonoids and had 3.4 times higher antioxidant activity. Four einkorn accessions were resistant to leaf spot, as well as yellow and leaf rusts. Fusarium infected both species similarly. Our findings indicate that not only registered varieties of ancient wheat species but also their landraces can provide sustainable alternatives both for organic farmers and also for the diversification of agriculture
Ancient Wheats – As An Example Of Diversification In Organic Agriculture
Species diversity is one of the highest in organic agriculture yet arable farming is still characterized by the dominance of a few cereal species. The present work summarizes the results of a 3-year experiment on hulled wheats as potential candidates of food system diversification. 10 winter and 3 spring emmer and 5 winter einkorn accessions, most of them being landraces, were investigated on 10m2 plots under marginal sandy soil conditions in East-Hungary. Most winter accessions adapted well to these conditions, producing grain yield above 3 t/ha in 3-year average, and some landraces were even ranked higher than registered varieties. Einkorn proved to be resistant to leaf fungal diseases, however, Fusarium infected both species similarly. Compared to emmer, einkorn seeds contained higher bound flavonoids and had higher antioxidant activity. Based on our findings on grain yield and quality traits both emmer and einkorn can be a good alternative for organic growers
Energiafűz ĂĽltetvĂ©nnyel törtĂ©n szennyvĂziszap hasznosĂtás talajtani hatásai
A kĂsĂ©rlet elsĹ‘dleges cĂ©lja a kommunális fölösiszap kezelĂ©sĂ©nek megoldása megĂşjulĂł
energiaforrásként alkalmazható fűz (Salix viminalis L.) ültetvényen a növények tápanyag- és
vĂzutánpĂłtlására törtĂ©nĹ‘ felhasználásával, elĹ‘tĂ©rbe helyezve a környezetvĂ©delmi
szempontokat. A vizsgálatok cĂ©lja annak megállapĂtása, hogy a kijuttatott szennyvĂziszap
hatására tapasztalható-e toxikus elem felhalmozódás az egyes talajszintekben, és az
eredmĂ©nyek alapján az energiafűz ĂĽltetvĂ©ny alkalmas-e a kommunális szennyvĂziszap
kezelésére.
A fölösiszap (vĂztelenĂtĂ©s elĹ‘tti iszap) a fűz számára azĂ©rt kedvezĹ‘, mert 3-5%
szárazanyag tartalma mellett sok vizet tartalmaz, ami biztosĂtja a fűz intenzĂv növekedĂ©sĂ©hez
szĂĽksĂ©ges magas vĂzigĂ©nyĂ©t, másrĂ©szt a szennyvĂztisztĂtási folyamat költsĂ©gĂ©nek mintegy
30%-át kitevĹ‘ vĂztelenĂtĂ©si eljárás költsĂ©gĂ©t a szennyvĂztisztĂtĂł telep megtakarĂthatja.
A kijuttatott szennyvĂziszap mennyisĂ©get az összes-nitrogĂ©n tartalom alapján
számĂtottuk ki, a kezelĂ©sek a következĹ‘k voltak: Kontroll, 170 kg/ha/Ă©v összes- N-terhelĂ©s,
250 kg/ha/Ă©v összes- N-terhelĂ©s. A szennyvĂziszapban találhatĂł toxikus elemek
koncentrációjának átlag étékei egyik elemnél sem lépték át a termőföldön történő
elhelyezéshez megengedett határértékeket.
A talajmintaszedés a tenyészidőszak alatt több alkalommal történt, vettünk mintákat a
kijuttatás előtt és a kijuttatás után is a 0-30 és 30-60 cm-es talajmélységekből.
A talaj toxikus elemtartalmának eredményeit az 50/2001. (IV.3.) Korm. rendeletben
szereplő határértékekkel vetettük össze. A N-tartalom alapján kijuttatható maximális
szennyvĂziszap-mennyisĂ©g nem okozott nehĂ©zfĂ©m felhalmozĂłdást a talajban, Ă©s a kezelt
növĂ©nyek is egĂ©szsĂ©gesek voltak, toxicitásra utalĂł tĂĽneteket nem tapasztaltunk. A kĂsĂ©rlet elsĹ‘
évi eredményei alapján érdemes a munkát tovább folytatni, és választ keresni a javaslatokban
feltett kérdésekre az üzemi méretű alkalmazás biztonságossá tétele érdekében.régi képzésKörnyezetgazdálkodási agrármérnő